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Modulation of immunity and inflammatory gene expression in the gut, in inflammatory diseases of the gut and in the liver by probiotics

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第42期20卷 15632-15649页

作者： Julio Plaza-Diaz Carolina Gomez-Llorente Luis Fontana Angel Gil Department of biochemistry and molecular Biology Ⅱ School of Pharmacy and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix" Biomedical Research Center University of Granada

The potential for the positive manipulation of the gut microbiome through the introduction of beneficial microbes, as also known as probiotics, is currently an active area of investigation. The FAO/WHO define probiotics as live microorganisms that confer a health benefit to the host when administered in adequate amounts. However, dead bacteria and bacterial molecular components may also exhibit probiotic properties. The results of clinical studies have demonstrated the clinical potential of probiotics in many pathologies, such as allergic diseases, diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease and viral infection. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the beneficial effects of probiotics, most of which involve gene expression regulation in specific tissues, particularly the intestine and liver. Therefore, the modulation of gene expression mediated by probiotics is an important issue that warrants further investigation. In the present paper, we performed a systematic review of the probiotic-mediated modulation of gene expression that is associated with the immune system and inflammation. Between January 1990 to February 2014, PubMed was searched for articles that were published in English using the MeSH terms “probiotics' and 'gene expression' combined with “intestines', 'liver', 'enterocytes', 'antigen-presenting cells', 'dendritic cells', 'immune system', and 'inflammation'. Two hundred and five original articles matching these criteria were initially selected, although only those articles that included specific gene expression results (77) were later considered for this review and separated into three major topics: the regulation of immunity and inflammatory gene expression in the gut, in inflammatory diseases of the gut and in the liver. Particular strains of Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli, Escherichia coli, Propionibacterium, Bacillus and Saccharomyces influence the gene expression of mucins, Toll-like receptors, caspases, nuclear factor-κ

关键词： Gene expression Immunity Immunotolerance Inflammation Microbiota Probiotics Gut Liver

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Polyphenolic extract of Sorghum bicolor grains enhances reactive oxygen species detoxification in N-nitrosodiethylamine-treated rats

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2013年第1期2卷 39-45页

作者： Taofeek O.Ajiboye Yesirat O.Komolafe Oyelola B.Oloyede Simiat M.Ogunbode Moriam D.Adeoye Ibrahim O.Abdulsalami Quadri O.Nurudeen Antioxidants Free Radicals and Toxicology Research LaboratoryBiochemistry and Nutrition UnitDepartment of Chemical SciencesFountain UniversityOsogboNigeria nutritional biochemistry Research Laboratory Biochemistry and Nutrition UnitDepartment of Chemical SciencesFountain UniversityOsogboNigeria Industrial and Environmental Chemistry unit Department of Chemical SciencesFountain UniversityOsogboNigeria Phytomedicine Toxicology and Reproductive Biochemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of BiochemistryUniversity of IlorinIlorinNigeria

Reactive oxygen species detoxification potentials of Sorghum bicolor polyphenolic extract was investigated in the liver of N-nitrosodiethylaminetreated *** rats,weighing(135±5.5)g were completely randomized into 7 groups(A–G)of five rats *** in C,D,E and F were administered orally once daily at 24-h interval for 7 d with 500,125,250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of polyphenolic extract of ***,*** G was given 100 mg/kg body weight of vitamin *** the sixth day,groups B,D,E,F and G were administered with 100 mg/kg body weight N-nitrosodiethylamine(NDEA).Group A,which served as the control was treated like the test groups except,that the animals received distilled water *** oxygen species detoxifying enzymes(superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione peroxidase,glutathione reductase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase)activities were significantly(Pmarkers;malondialdehyde,conjugated dienes,lipid hydroperoxides,protein carbonyl and percentage DNA fragmentation were significantly(P<0.05)lowered by *** polyphenolic ***,the results obtained from this study revealed that the polyphenolic extract of *** grains enhanced the detoxification of reactive oxygen species in NDEA-treated *** polyphenols also prevented the peroxidation of lipid,oxidation of proteins as well as fragmentation of DNA component in the liver of rats and hence gave the evidence of possible prophylactic potentials of *** grains.©2013 Beijing Academy of Food *** and hosting by Elsevier *** rights reserved.

关键词： Antioxidant Sorghum bicolor Reactive oxygen species N-nitrosodiethylamine Detoxification Polyphenols

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Statistical modeling of nitrogen-dependent modulation of root system architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第3期58卷 254-265页

作者： Takao Araya Takuya Kubo Nicolaus von Wiren Hideki Takahashi Department of biochemistry and molecular Biology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingM148824USA molecular Plant nutrition Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant ResearchD-06466 GaterslebenGermany Graduate School of Environmental Science Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-0810Japan

Plant root development is strongly affected by nutrient availability. Despite the importance of structure and function of roots in nutrient acquisition,statistical modeling approaches to evaluate dynamic and temporal modulations of root system architecture in response to nutrient availability have remained as widely open and exploratory areas in root biology. In this study,we developed a statistical modeling approach to investigate modulations of root system architecture in response to nitrogen availability. Mathematical models were designed for quantitative assessment of root growth and root branching phenotypes and their dynamic relationships based on hierarchical con figuration of primary and lateral roots formulating the fishbone-shaped root system architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana. Time-series datasets reporting dynamic changes in root developmental traits on different nitrate or ammonium concentrations were generated for statistical analyses. Regression analyses unraveled key parameters associated with：（i） inhibition of primary root growth under nitrogen limitation or on ammonium;（ii） rapid progression of lateral root emergence in response to ammonium; and（iii） inhibition of lateral root elongation in the presence of excess nitrate or ammonium. This study provides a statistical framework for interpreting dynamic modulation of root system architecture,supported by metaanalysis of datasets displaying morphological responses of roots to diverse nitrogen supplies.

关键词： Ammonium mathematical modeling nitrate nitrogen root system architecture

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Dietary fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds and garlic (Allium sativum) alleviates oxidative stress in experimental myocardial infarction

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2017年第2期6卷 77-87页

作者： P.Mukthamba K.Srinivasan Department of biochemistry and nutrition CSIR–Central Food Technological Research InstituteMysore 570020India

Soluble fiber-rich fenugreek seeds(Trigonella foenum-graecum)and garlic(Allium sativum)are understood to exert cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant *** cardioprotective influence of a combination of fenugreek seeds and garlic by their antioxidant influence was evaluated in hypercholesterolemic rats administered *** rats were maintained on high-cholesterol diet for 8 weeks along with dietary interventions of fenugreek(10%),garlic(2%)and their *** infarction was induced with isoproterenol *** circulatory troponin,disturbed activities of cardiac ATPases,increased serum iron and decreased ceruloplasmin confirmed myocardial *** lipid peroxides accompanied with reduced antioxidant molecules caused by isoproterenol and altered activities of antioxidant enzymes in serum and heart in induced myocardial necrosis were countered by dietary fenugreek,garlic,and fenugreek+*** fenugreek seeds and garlic ameliorated isoproterenol-induced compromised antioxidant status,the cardioprotective effect being higher by the combination of fenugreek seeds and garlic.

关键词： Fenugreek seeds Garlic High cholesterol diet Isoproterenol Myocardial infarction Oxidative stress

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Live-Cell Imaging of Dual-Labeled Golgi Stacks in Tobacco BY-2 Cells Reveals Similar Behaviors for Different Cisternae during Movement and Brefeldin A Treatment

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molecular Plant 2011年第5期4卷 896-908页

作者： Stephanie L. Madison Andreas Nebenfuhr Department of biochemistry and Cellular and molecular Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996-0840 USA

In plant cells, the Golgi apparatus consists of numerous stacks that, in turn, are composed of several flattened cisternae with a clear cis-to-trans polarity. During normal functioning within living cells, this unusual organelle displays a wide range of dynamic behaviors such as whole stack motility, constant membrane flux through the cisternae, and Golgi enzyme recycling through the ER. In order to further investigate various aspects of Golgi stack dynamics and integrity, we co-expressed pairs of established Golgi markers in tobacco BY-2 cells to distinguish sub-compartments of the Golgi during monensin treatments, movement, and brefeldin A （BFA）-induced disassembly. A combination of cis and trans markers revealed that Golgi stacks remain intact as they move through the cytoplasm. The Golgi stack orientation during these movements showed a slight preference for the cis side moving ahead, but trans cisternae were also found at the leading edge. During BFA treatments, the different sub-compartments of about half of the observed stacks fused with the ER sequentially; however, no consistent order could be detected. In contrast, the ionophore monensin resulted in swelling of trans cisternae while medial and particularly cis cisternae were mostly unaffected. Our results thus demonstrate a re- markable equivalence of the different cisternae with respect to movement and BFA-induced fusion with the ER. In addi- tion, we propose that a combination of dual-label fluorescence microscopy and drug treatments can provide a simple alternative approach to the determination of protein localization to specific Golgi sub-compartments.

关键词： Golgi apparatus Golgi stack integrity brefeldin A monensin tobacco BY-2 cells live-cell imaging.

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Effect of gluten free diet on gastrointestinal and behavioral indices for children with autism spectrum disorders:a randomized clinical trial

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2016年第4期12卷 436-442页

作者： Faezeh Ghalichi Jamal Ghaemmaghami Ayyoub Malek Alireza Ostadrahimi nutrition Research Center Faculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesBiochemistry and Diet TherapyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran Faculty of nutrition and Food Sciences Biochemistry and Diet TherapyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran Clinical Psychiatry Research Center Department of PsychiatryTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran Department of biochemistry and Diet Therapy Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran

Background:Genetic and environmental factors are both responsible for the etiology of autism spectrum disorders(ASD).Although epidemiological studies have been conducted to clarify the association between restriction diets and ASD,the conclusion remains *** study was undertaken to investigate the effect of gluten free diet(GFD)on gastrointestinal symptoms and behavioral indices in children with ***:In this randomized clinical trial,80 children diagnosed with ASD by the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised(ADI-R)were assigned into GFD(n=40)and regular diet(RD)(n=40)groups for 6 *** the beginning and end of the intervention,the ROMEШquestionnaire for evaluating gastrointestinal symptoms and Gilliam Autism Rating Scale 2 questionnaire(GARS-2)for assessing psychometric properties were ***:Of the 80 children,53.9%had gastrointestinal *** the GFD group,the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms decreased significantly(P<0.05)after intake of GFD(40.57%vs.17.10%)but increased insignificantly in the RD group(42.45%vs.44.05%).GFD intervention resulted in a significant decrease in behavioral disorders(80.03±14.07 vs.75.82±15.37,P<0.05)but an insignificant increase in the RD group(79.92±15.49 vs.80.92±16.24).Conclusion:This study suggested that GFD may be effective in controlling gastrointestinal symptoms and ASD behaviors.

关键词： autism behavior disorders/problems gastrointestinal system gluten free diet

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Bowman-Birk inhibitors from legumes as colorectal chemopreventive agents

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第30期20卷 10305-10315页

作者： Alfonso Clemente Maria del Carmen Arques Department of Physiology and biochemistry of nutrition Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC)18008 GranadaSpain

Aberrant functioning of serine proteases in inflammatory and carcinogenic processes within the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)has prompted scientists to investigate the potential of serine protease inhibitors,both natural and synthetic,as modulators of their proteolytic *** inhibitors of the Bowman-Birk type,a major protease inhibitor family in legume seeds,which inhibit potently and specifically trypsin-and chymotrypsin-like proteases,are currently being investigated as colorectal chemopreventive *** relevant amounts of Bowman-Birk inhibitors(BBI)can reach the large intestine in active form due to their extraordinary resistance to extreme conditions within the *** in animal models have proven that dietary BBI from several legume sources,including soybean,pea,lentil and chickpea,can prevent or suppress carcinogenic and inflammatory processes within the *** the therapeutic targets and the action mechanism of BBI have not yet been elucidated,the emerging evidence suggests that BBI exert their preventive properties via protease inhibition;in this sense,serine proteases should be considered as primary targets in early stages of *** validation of candidate serine proteases as therapeutic targets together with the identification,within the wide array of natural BBI variants,of the most potent and specific protease inhibitors,are necessary to better understand the potential of this protein family as colorectal chemopreventive agents.

关键词： Bowman-Birk inhibitors Cell proliferation Chemoprevention Colorectal cancer Legumes Serine proteases

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Anxiolytic property of Lactuca sativa,effect on anxiety behaviour induced by novel food and height

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第7期6卷 532-536页

作者： SN Harsha KR Anilakumar biochemistry and Applied Nutrition Discipline.Defence Food Research Laboratory Mysore-570011.India

Objective:To study anxiolytic property of hydro alchohol extract and to estimate polyphenols present in the extract by ***:To evaluate anxiolytic properly two animal models were used *** T maze and ***(1 mg/kg body wt.) served as the standard anxiolvtic agent for all the *** dried extract of the plant leaf in doses of 100.200 and 400 mg/kg body weight was administered orally to mice for duration of 1? or 30 days and locomotor and anxiolytic activities were *** was estimated using HPLC. Results:The HPLC analysis of the polyphenols revealed the presence chlorogenic acid,vanillin, epicatechin,caffeic acid,rutin hydrate,sinapic acid,quercetin-3-rhamnoside.p-coumeric acid and *** spent and number of entries into the open arm was improved in 30 days treated animals than that of 15 days treated groups,200 and 400 mg/kg body weight treated group showed significant results when comparing with the control ***:Te hydro alcohol extract rich in Polyphenols and other secondary metabolites is a potent anxiolytic agent.

关键词： Anxiety Lactuca sativa Polyphenols Hyponeophagia Elevated T maze test

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High-Throughput Screening of Nanoparticle-Stabilizing Ligands:Application to Preparing Antimicrobial Curcumin Nanoparticles by Antisolvent Precipitation

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Nano-Micro Letters 2015年第1期7卷 68-79页

作者： Ilya Shlar Elena Poverenov Yakov Vinokur Batia Horev Samir Droby Victor Rodov Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences Agricultural Research Organization The Volcani Center Institute of biochemistry Food Science and Nutrition Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Water-dispersible curcumin nanoparticles were prepared by bottom-up antisolvent precipitation approach. A new high-throughput screening technique was developed for selecting appropriate ligands stabilizing the nanoparticles in aqueous medium and improving their performance. The initial set of twenty-eight potential stabilizing ligands was evaluated based on their capacity to improve curcumin dispersibility in aqueous medium. The performance of four promising ligands(amino acid proline, polyphenol tannic acid, polycation Polyquaternium 10, and neutral polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone) was tested in ultrasound-aided antisolvent precipitation trials. Using the selected stabilizing ligands diminished the average particle size from ca. 1,200 to 170–230 nm, reduced their dispersity, improved stability, and allowed reaching curcumin concentration of up to 1.4 m M in aqueous medium. Storage stability of the aqueous nanodispersions varied from 2 days to 2 weeks, depending on stabilizing ligand. Studying the effects of ionic strength and pH on size and f-potential of the particles suggested that electrostatic forces and hydrophobic interactions could be the major factors affecting their stability. The ligand-protected nanoparticles showed minimal inhibitory concentration of 400 or500 μM toward Escherichia coli. We suggest that the presented screening approach may be useful for preparing nanoparticles of various poorly water-soluble bioactive materials.

关键词： Nanoparticles Curcumin Antisolvent precipitation Stabilizing ligands High-throughput screening Antimicrobial E.coli

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Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Activities of the Mesocarp of <i>Raphia hookeri</i>Fruit against Aluminum Chloride-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats

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Food and nutrition Sciences 2020年第5期11卷 396-415页

作者： Hermine Tsafack Doungue Anne Pascale Nouemsi Kengne Hilaire Marcaire Womeni Research unit of biochemistry Medicinal Plants Food Sciences and Nutrition Department of Biochemistry University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Laboratory of nutrition and nutritional biochemistry Department of Biochemistry University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon

This work aims to evaluate the antioxidant and protective effect of Raphia hookeri (Rh) fruit extracts and powders against aluminum induced neurotoxicity in rats. Extracts and powder were prepared using fruit mesocarp. Phytochemical contents (phenolic content and flavonoïd) and antioxidant in vitro activity were evaluated through the DPPH radical scavenging capacity, the ability to reduce ferric ion and Hydroxyl radical scavenging ability. The neurocognitive dysfunction, the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and activities of antioxidant in vivo indices were evaluated in the plasma, liver and brain of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induced neurotoxicity in rats. The highest total phenolic (76.34 mg Eq AG/g of extract), flavonoïds’ contents (13.32 mg Eq CAT/g of extract), the best DPPH scavenging activity and the ability to reduce ferric ion (Fe3+) were obtained with aqueous extract. The administration of aqueous extract (200 and 400 g/kg bw) and powder (5% and 10 %) during 28 days resulted in a significant decrease (P < 0.05) of the time use to find platform and the increase of the acquisition speed of food in rats. Also the evaluation of some biochemical parameters shows the decrease of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and acetylcholine esterase activity and the increase of total protein level, catalase activities (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione level in plasma, liver and brain compared to the positive control group (PC). The best activities were obtained with groups ARh400 and Rh10%. Treatment with aqueous extract and powder of Rh mesocarp ameliorated neurobehavioral changes by enhancing antioxidant activities, cognitive functions. Therefore Rh would protect oxidative damage and preserve neurone functions.

关键词： Raphia hookeri Phenolic Compounds Rats Aluminium Chloride Antioxidant Neuroprotective Effect

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