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development of new cowpea(vigna unguiculata)mutant genotypes,analysis of their agromorphological variation,genetic diversity and population structure

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BIOCELL 2021年第2期45卷 345-362页

作者： MAde dIOUF SARA dIALLO FRANÇOIS ABAYE BAdIANE OUMAR dIACK dIAgA dIOUF Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies végétales Département de Biologie VégétaleFacultédes Sciences et TechniquesUniversitéCheikh Anta DiopDakar-FannDakar10700Sénégal Facultédes Sciences et Technologies de l’Education et de la Formation UniversitéCheikh Anta DiopDakar-FannDakar10700Sénégal

Cowpea is one of the most important legume grains in the sub-Saharan region of Africa used for human consumption and animal feed,but its production is hampered by biotic and abiotic constraints raising the need to broaden its genetic *** this purpose,seeds of two cowpea varieties Melakh and Yacine were irradiated with 300 and 340 gy of gamma-ray,*** developed mutant populations were agromorphologically characterized from M5 to M7,while the genetic diversity of the latter was evaluated using 13 ISSR *** on the agromorphological characterization,variation of flower color,pod length,seed coat color,and seed weight with 78.01,68.29,94.48,and 57.58%heritability,respectively,were recorded in the mutant *** analyses allowed to identify the elite mutants based on their agromorphological traits,while Pearson’s correlation results revealed a positive correlation between yield and yield component *** subpopulations were identified through STRUCTURE analyses,but the assignment of the individuals in each group was improved using dAPC(discriminant Analysis of Principal Components)*** of Molecular variance revealed that the majority(85%)of the variance rather existed within groups than among(15%)***,our study allowed us to select new promising mutant genotypes that could be tested for multi-locational trials to evaluate their agronomic performance.

关键词： Agromorphological characterization Induced mutagenesis ISSR Plant breeding

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A test of the coupling of predator defense morphology and behavior variation in two threespine stickleback populations

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Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 53-65页

作者： Lacasse, Jennyfer Aubin-Horth, Nadia département de biologie & Institut de biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS) Université Laval. Québec QC Canada. G1V 0A6

among-population differences in morphology and behaviors such as boldness have been shown to co-vary with eco- logical conditions, including predation regime. However, between- and within-population covariation of predator defense mor- phology with variation in behaviors relevant to ecology and evolution （boldness, exploration, activity, sociability and aggressive- ness, often defined as personality traits when they are consistent across time and contexts） have never been quantified together in a single study in juvenile fish from populations found in contrasting environments. We measured predator defense morphology differences between adults from two freshwater populations of threespine sticklebacks with different ecological conditions. We then quantified five behaviors in juveniles from both populations raised in a common environment. Wild-caught adults showed significant differences in predator defense morphology. One population had significantly lower lateral plate number, shorter dorsal spine, pelvic spine and pelvic girdle. Furthermore, 61% of individuals from that population showed an absence of pelvic spine and girdle. At the population level, we found that differences in defense morphology in adults between the two lakes were coupled with differences in behaviors in juveniles raised in a common environment. Levels of activity, aggressiveness and boldness were higher in juveniles from the population lacking predator defense structures. At the individual level, anti-predator morphology of adult females could not predict their offspring＇s behavior, but juvenile coloration predicted individual boldness in a popula- tion-specific manner. Our results suggest that ecological conditions, as reflected in adult predator defense morphology, also affect juvenile behavior in threespine sticklebacks, resulting in trait co-specialization, and that there is a genetic or epigenetic compo- nent to these behavioral differences [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 53-65, 2012].

关键词： Behaviors Personality Predator defense morphology Coloration Juvenile Threespine stickleback Common rear- ing environment

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Breaking seed dormancy in Cupressus atlantica gaussen,an endemicand threatened coniferous tree in Morocco

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Journal of Forestry Research 2012年第3期23卷 385-390页

作者： Sfairi Youssef Ouahmane Lahcen Abbad Abdelaziz direction Provinciale des Eaux et Forets et de la lutte contre ladésertification MarrakechMaroc Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Protection et Valorisation des Ressources Végétalesdépartement deBiologieEquipe de Phytochimie et Pharmacologie des Plantes Aromatiques et MédicinalesFacultédes Sciences SemlaliaUniversitéCadi AyyadMarrakechMaroc Centre Régional de Recherche Forestière Circuit de la PalmeraieMarrakechMaroc Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Protection et Valorisation desRessources Végétalesdépartement de BiologieEquipe de Phytochimieet Pharmacologie des Plantes Aromatiques et MédicinalesFacultédesSciences SemlaliaUniversitéCadi AyyadMarrakechMaroc

Cupressus atlantica gaussen （Cupressaceae） is an endemic and endangered coniferous tree geographically restricted to the N＇Fis valley in South-Western Morocco. Like many forest species, C. atlantica exhibits dormancy which delays and reduces germination. To improve seed germination, different pre-treatments were conducted on C. atlantica seeds after storage for different periods （one, two and five years） including： scarification with sandy paper; soaking seeds in hot distilled water at 60℃ and 80℃ for 15 min and soaking seeds for 48 h in a gibberellic acid （gA3） at 1,000 and 2,000 mg·L-1. Results showed that scarification with sandy paper increased the germination rate of Atlas cypress by up to 67%, indicating that the species possess essentially an exogenous dormancy （physical dormancy） due to the hard seed coat （hardseededness）. Exogenous application of gibberellic acid （gA3） at 1,000 mg.L-1 was also effective in breaking seed dormancy and germination induction. These two treatments induced faster speed germination expressed by low number of days to first germination （8-10 days） and low values of mean germination times （MgT）. However, germination rate, under any treatment, is greatly dependent on the year of seed collection. Seeds collected in year 2004 gave the highest value, suggesting that even after five years of storage, the germination capacity of C. atlantica seeds could remain high. This observation is very interesting in the ex-situ conservation of such endemic and endangered species where the production of seeds is irregular over the years.

关键词： Cupressus atlantica endemic endangered breaking seed dormancy germination capacity hand scarification ex-situ conservation

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Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy reveals wide variation in major components of sesame seeds from Africa and Asia

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The Crop Journal 2018年第2期6卷 202-206页

作者： Komivi dossa Xin Wei Marème Niang Pan Liu Yanxin Zhang Linhai Wang Boshou Liao Ndiaga Cissé Xiurong Zhang diaga diouf Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of AgricultureWuhan 430062HubeiChina Centre d'etudes Régional pour l'amélioration de l'Adaptationàla Sécheresse(CERAAS) BP 3320 Route de KhomboleThièsSénégal Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies végétales Département de Biologie VégétaleFacultédes Sciences et TechniquesUniversité Cheikh Anta DiopBP 5005 Dakar-FannDakar 107000Sénégal

Sesame is an important oilseed crop in Africa and Asia, owing to its high nutritional quality seed and market value. variation in sesame seed components including oil, oleic acid,linoleic acid, and protein was investigated by near-infrared reflectance spectrometry in 139 samples collected from different countries. Oil and protein contents were between 40.8%and 60.3%(mean 53.0%) and 15.5% to 25.5%(mean 20.4%), respectively. Linoleic acid,ranging from 31.8% to 52.4%(mean 46%) was more abundant than oleic acid(31.8%–50.6%,mean 38.1%). Light-seeded samples displayed higher nutritional quality, as they were richer in oil, protein, and linoleic acid than dark seeds. Samples from Africa had higher oil and linoleic acid contents, while Asian samples had higher oleic content. The analysis revealed West African sesame cultivars containing especially high levels of seed components, which may command high market values. Two clusters of sesame samples grouped by seed composition were obtained, including one cluster with high oil and oleic acid content and the other with high protein and linoleic acid content. This study revealed that sesame samples from Africa and Asia harbor high variation for major seed components and also provided background information for breeding high-nutrition varieties according to the demands of sesame seed markets.

关键词： Sesamum indicum Major seed components variation Asia Africa NIRS

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Assessment of forest dieback on the Moroccan Central Plateau using spectral vegetation indices

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第3期34卷 793-808页

作者： Youssef dallahi amal Boujraf Modeste Meliho Collins Ashianga Orlando Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies Agrosciences and Environment(BioMAgE)Faculty of Sciences SemlaliaCadi Ayyad UniversityMarrakechMorocco Laboratoire des productions végétale Animales et Agro-industrieEquipe de BotaniqueBiotechnologie et Protection des PlantesFacultédes SciencesUniversitéIbn TofailKenitraMorocco Sociétés TerritoiresHistoires et PatrimoinesFacultédes Lettres et des Sciences HumainesUniversitéMohammed VRabatMorocco Rabat Morocco

Cork oak forests in Morocco are rich in resources and services thanks to their great biological diversity,playing an important ecological and socioeconomic *** degradation of the forests has been accentuated in recent years by signifi cant human pressure and eff ects of climate change;hence,the health of the stands needs to be *** this study,the google Engine Earth platform was leveraged to extract the normalized diff erence vegetation index(NdvI)and soil-adjusted vegetation index,from Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS satellite images between 2015 and 2017 to assess the health of the Sibara Forest in *** results highlight the importance of interannual variations in NdvI in forest monitoring;the variations had a signifi cantly high relationship(pdieback *** was positively and negatively correlated with mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature with respective coeffi cients of 0.49 and−0.67,highlighting its ability to predict phenotypic changes in forest *** interannual variation in NdvI between 2016 and 2017 seemed to confi rm fi eld observations of cork oak dieback in 2018,with the largest decreases in NdvI(up to−38%)in december in the most-aff ected *** of the infl uence of ecological factors on dieback highlighted the role of substrate as a driver of dieback,with the most severely aff ected plots characterized by granite-granodiorite substrates.

关键词： Forest health monitoring Remote sensing dieback vegetation indices Sibara forest

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Agromorphological Characterization of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc., Zingiberaceae) Accessions grown in Côte d’Ivoire

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american Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第11期14卷 1327-1342页

作者： Bessely Armel Stéphane Kouadio Léonie-Clémence Kouonon Serge Hervé Kimou Yaya Touré Sientchinhon Yéo Mongomaké Koné unité de biologie et d’amélioration des productions végétales UFR Sciences de la Nature Université Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire unité de Phytotechnie et amélioration génétique UFR Sciences de la Nature Université Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire département des Sciences et Techniques Université Alassane Ouattara Bouaké C&#244te d’Ivoire département d’Agronomie et de Foresterie Université de Man Man C&#244te d’Ivoire

In C?te d’Ivoire, ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), generally used to make a drink called “gnamankoudji”, has become an important source of agricultural income diversification. In order to assess the agromorphological diversity of a ginger collection from different regions of C?te d’Ivoire, a survey collection of accessions was carried out in the different production zones of the country. One hundred and eighty-eight ginger accessions were collected in 15 regions and one autonomous district of C?te d’Ivoire. Analysis of variance revealed that all the variables used in this study discriminated between the ginger accessions collected. Principal component analysis revealed morphological variability of 45.931% for the first two components. Ascending Hierarchical Classification was used to classify these accessions into three groups based on fourteen quantitative characters. These three groups were formed independently of collection areas and are characterized by moderate morphological variability. This variability has been structured into three distinct agromorphological groups, with thallus (rhizome) length and width, finger width, secondary finger length and yield in tons per hectare as distinctive characters. This revealed genetic diversity could be exploited in ginger breeding and improvement programs in C?te d’Ivoire.

关键词： Sustainable Management Plant genetic Resources genetic diversity Côte d’Ivoire

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Cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Nerium oleander collected in Morocco

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第1期12卷 32-37页

作者： Messaoudi Mouhcine Laglaoui amin amzazi Saaid Hammani Khalil Benbacer Laila El Mzibri Mohammed unité de biologie et Recherche Médicale CNESTEN Laboratoire de Biochimie-Immunologie Faculté des Sciences Mohammed V University équipe de Recherche en Biotechnologies & génie des Biomolécules Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Tanger Abdelmalek Essaadi University Laboratoire de Ressources Naturelles et Environnement Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University

Objective: To investigate the cytotoxic, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of ethanolic and aqueous crude extracts of Nerium oleander(N. oleander) leaves. Methods: Cytotoxic activities were evaluated by WST-1 bioassay on two human cancer cell lines, namely human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 and human breast cancer cell line MdA-MB-231. The antioxidant property of N. oleander extracts was assessed by dPPH scavenging and he agar disc diffusion method was used for the determination of an毬-carotene bleaching tests. Ttimicrobial activity against different strains. Results: Using cell viability indices, the WST-1 test revealed that both extracts reduced cell viability in both cell lines. Our results also showed that aqueous extract was more active than ethanolic extract, with IC50 values of(1.67±0.22) μg/mL and(2.36±0.44) μg/mL on MdA-MB-231 cells, and(2.89±0.35) μg/mL and(5.09±0.52) μg/mL on HT29 cells, respectively. The study of the antioxidant activity showed that N. oleander extracts had a considerable scavenging capacity and exerted a significant preventive effect against the oxidation of 毬-carotene by the peroxide radicals. However, the antibacterial test showed that both ethanolic and aqueous extracts of N. oleander had a moderate antibacterial effect limited only to gram-positive bacteria. Conclusions: Our results shows that N. oleander aqueous and ethanolic extracts have significant cytotoxic activities against tumor cell lines and possesses a strong antioxidant capacity, suggesting the presence of active compounds in N. oleander leaves that could be a potential source of phytochemicals with high medicinal value to be used in cancer treatment and prevention.

关键词： Nerium oleander Anti-cancer Cytotoxicity Antioxidant Antimicrobial Bioactive compounds

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Efficacy of different Fungicides against Mango Anthracnose in Senegalese Soudanian Agroclimate

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american Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第15期5卷 2224-2229页

作者： Papa Madiallacke diedhiou Yaya diallo Rokhaya Faye Abdou Aziz Mbengue Abdou Sene département de biologie végétale Université Cheikh Anta DIOP de Dakar Dakar Sénégal département productions végétales et Agronomie UFR des Sciences Agronomiques d’Aquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires Université Gaston Berger Saint-Louis Sénégal

Anthracnose is the one of the most devastating diseases of mango produced in the southern part of Senegal. The field trials against post harvest rot due to anthracnose took place in three orchards over two production seasons, in 2009 and 2010. Three systemic fungicides (thiophanate methyl, azoxystrobin and myclobutanyl) and one contact fungicide (mancozeb) were tested for their efficacy. The first treatments in 2009 took place in the rainy season, while 20% of mangoes on trees exhibited anthracnose lesions. At ripening stage, 100% of fruits from non treated control mango trees were affected by anthracnose and got rotten, while between 73.2% and 80% of mangoes ripened free of disease when treated with thiophanate methyl. With the treatment with azoxystrobin, between 46.6% and 60% of fruits were not infected. Treatment with myclobutanyl was less effective. This level of effectiveness was clearly improved in 2010 by preventive spraying, days ahead of onset of the rainy season, before the appearance of anthracnose symptoms on fruits. The level of effectiveness was higher respectively for thiophanate methyl (between 96% and 100% of fruits not infected) and azoxystrobin (between 84% and 96% of fruits not infected).

关键词： Anthracnose Fungicides Mango Soudanian Agroclimate Senegal

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Implication of Ions and Organic Solutes Accumulation in amaranth (amaranthus cruentusL.) Salinity Resistance

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american Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第12期10卷 2335-2353页

作者： Agapit Wouyou Hermann Prodjinoto Ahissou Séraphin Zanklan Brigitte vanpee Stanley Lutts Christophe Bernard gandonou unité de Recherche sur l’Adaptation des Plantes aux Stress Abiotiques les Métabolites Secondaires et l’Amélioration des Productions Végétales Laboratoire de Physiologie Végétale et d’Etude des Stress Environnementaux Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST/UAC) Tri Postal Cotonou Bénin groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale Earth and Life Institute ELI-A Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-La-Neuve Belgique

Salinity is one of the major environmental constraints limiting agricultural productivity in the world. The effects of salt stress on growth, ions and organic solutes accumulation were investigated in two amaranth (amaranthus cruentus) cultivars: Rouge (salt-resistant) and Locale (salt-sensitive). Young plants of these cultivars were exposed, in hydroponic system, to three concentrations of NaCl: 0, 30 and 90 mM. growth parameters, ions, free proline and soluble sugars concentrations were determined after 2 weeks of stress. NaCl effect resulted in plant growth reduction in both cultivars but plants of cultivar Rouge were less affected compared to that of cv. Locale. Na+, proline and soluble sugars concentrations increased significantly in leaves and roots under salinity while K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations decreased in both cultivars. Proline and soluble sugars increased significantly in leaves and roots of cultivar Locale whereas in cultivar Rouge, proline increase was significant only in roots and soluble sugars increase was significant only in leaves. The highest increase of Na+ concentration occurred in leaves of cv. Rouge coupled with the lowest reduction in K+ concentration. The highest increase of proline occurred in leaves of cultivar Locale whereas the highest increase of soluble sugars was observed in leaves of cultivar Rouge. The reduction of the Ca2+ concentration under salt stress was more accentuated in both leaves and roots of cultivar Rouge than cultivar Locale while cv. Rouge maintained higher content in Mg2+ either in leaves or in roots in the presence of NaCl than cultivar Locale. These results suggest an implication of Na+, K+ and Mg2+ in salt resistance in these cultivars and that soluble sugars may play an important role in salt-resistance in amaranthus cruentus. However, proline appears as a symptom of injury in stressed plants rather than an indicator of resistance.

关键词： growth Ions Concentration Osmolytes Accumulation amaranthus cruentus Salt-Resistance Mechanism

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In vitrogermination and Plantlet Establishment of Wild Chamomile of Morocco Cladanthus mixtus(L.) Oberpr. and vogt

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american Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第18期5卷 2623-2632页

作者： Naima Harras Ahmed Lamarti Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et d’amélioration des Plantes Département de Biologie Faculté des Sciences M’Hannech II Tétouan Maroc

In vitro seeds germination and plantlets establishment of Cladanthus mixtus (L.) Oberpr. and vogt were studied in this report. A reliable protocol was developed for in vitro seed germination, multiplication and plantlet regeneration of Cladanthus mixtus. The seeds were sterilized and cultured in different media. among the two basal media evaluated for symbiotic seed germination, gelled distilled water was found to be the best with a high percentage of seeds germination (100%) after 33 hours of culture. Seedlings were further transferred to different types of media. Result observed after 4 weeks showed that MS medium promotes the highest growth with an average of 2.75 ± 0.12 cm shoot length and 2.60 ± 0.29 shoots per explants, and the mean number of roots achieved 3.33 ± 0.17 root per explants with a length of 2.42 ± 0.16 cm. This study showed that macroelements of MS (1962) medium is essential for in vitro shoot multiplication, growth and rooting of shoots of Cladanthus mixtus L.

关键词： Asymbiotic Seed germination In vitro Propagation Basal Media Cladanthus mixtus (L.)

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