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Midwives’ Adherence to Preoperative Care Guidelines Prior to Emergency Caesarean Section at Bwaila Maternity Hospital in Malawi

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Open Journal of Nursing 2014年第11期4卷 754-761页

作者： Ruth Mwale Alfred Maluwa Address Malata Jon Odland Kamuzu College of Nursing University of Malawi Lilongwe Campus Lilongwe Malawi Norwegian arctic university Tromso Norway

A study was conducted to describe midwives’ adherence to preoperative care during emergency caesarian section at Bwaila Maternity Wing in 2012 in Malawi. The study utilized a descriptive prospective and retrospective design. A structured questionnaire was administered to all 28 midwives who were directly involved in the preparation of clients for emergency caesarean section. Clients charts were also reviewed using a standard checklist to determine adherence to preoperative care. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 and descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies and percentages were computed for the dataset. A midwife was supposed to score at least 80% on each component of preoperative care guidelines to be compliant to the stipulated pre-operation standards. The midwives scored above 80% on only four of the 14 preoperative care guidelines which were;bladder catheterization (100%, n = 14), obtaining informed consent (92.9%, n = 12), administration of IV (96.4%, n = 13) and administration of preoperative antibiotics (82.1%, n = 11). Midwives however scored less than 80% on preoperative procedures that dealt with vital signs (28.6%, n = 4): BP check (28.6%, n = 4);Pulse rate check (25%, n = 3.5);respiration check (25%, n = 3.5) and temperature check (25%, n = 3.5). The midwives scored further below standard on blood specimen collection (78.6%, n = 11). Psychological support to clients was also below standard at 60.7%, n = 8. Other components of psychological support such as surgery information (57.1%, n = 8), allowing clients ask questions (28.6%, n = 4) and answering clients’ questions (25%, n = 3.5) were also scored below standard. Overall the standard of preoperative care was below standard at the facility. Most of the midwives were new graduates, who had never received any in-service training on preoperative care. Therefore in service training it is recommended for the midwives to provide good quality of care.

关键词： Emergency Caesarean Section Preoperative Care Guidelines Preoperative Vital Signs Check Preoperative Psychological Support Surgery Information Pre-Operation Education

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Current Research and Future Directions in Pattern Identification： Results of an International Symposium

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2016年第12期22卷 947-955页

作者： Myeong Soo Lee Ju Ah Lee Terje Alraek 卞兆祥 Stephen Birch Hirozo Goto Jeeyoun Jung 高尚德 Sang-Kwan Moon Bongki Park Kyung-Mo Park Sooseong You Kyung-Jin Yun Chris Zaslawski Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine Daejeon 305-811 Republic of Korea National Research Center in Complementary and Alternative Medicine UiT The Artic University of Norway Troms 9037 Norway university College of Health Sciences Institute of Acupuncture Oslo 0855 Norway School of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China Department of Kampo Medicine Hokusei Hospital Toyama 930-0814 Japan College of Chinese Medicine China Medical University Taiwan China Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Disease Hospital of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul 130-872 Republic of Korea Department of Biomedical Engineering Kyung Hee University Yongin Republic of Korea College of Traditional Chinese Medicine University of technologysydney(Post Box 1231) Australia

A symposium on pattern identification（PI）was held at the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine（KIOM）on October 2,2013,in Daejeon,South *** symposium was convened to provide information on the current research in PI as well as suggest future research *** participants discussed the nature of PI,possible research questions,strategies and future international collaborations in pattern *** eight presentations and an extensive panel discussion,the symposium allowed participants to discuss research methods in traditional medicine for *** speaker presented the topic,＇Clinical pattern differentiation and contemporary research in PI.＇Two speakers presented current trends in research on blood stasis while the remaining five other delegates discussed the research methods and future directions of PI *** participants engaged in in-depth discussions regarding the nature of PI,potential research questions,strategies and future international collaborations in pattern research.

关键词： pattern identification international symposium Chinese medicine traditional Korean medicine

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A review of chlorinated paraffin contamination in arctic ecosystems

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Emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 219-231页

作者： Katrin Vorkamp Jennifer Balmer Hayley Hung Robert J.Letcher Frank F.Riget Aarhus university Department of Environmental ScienceArctic Research CentreRoskildeDenmark arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme TromsøNorway Environment and Climate Change Canada Air Quality Processes Research SectionTorontoCanada Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division Environment and Climate Change CanadaNational Wildlife Research CentreCarleton UniversityOttawaCanada Aarhus university Department of BioscienceArctic Research CentreRoskildeDenmark Greenland Institute of Natural Resources NuukGreenland Present address:The Citadel Department of BiologyCharlestonSCUSA

Chlorinated paraffins(CPs)present a complex mixture of congeners which are often analysed and assessed as short-,medium-and long-chain CPs,***(C10eC13),SMCCP(C14eC17)and SLCCP(C18).Their complexity makes the chemical analysis challenging,in particular in terms of accurate quantification,but promising developments involving ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry have been presented *** arctic data exist for SCCPs,while LCCPs have not yet been studied in the *** concentrations in arctic air often exceeded those of SMCCP,usually with a predominance of the most volatile C10 congeners,and of banned persistent organic pollutants(POPs),such as polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs).The presence of SCCPs and MCCPs in arctic air,as well as in the Antarctic and in the remote regions of the Tibetan plateau,provides evidence of their long-range transport including sufficient environmental persistence to reach the *** vegetation accumulated SCCPs partly from air and partly through root uptake from soil,with consequences for the SCCP profile found in arctic *** results have yet been reported for CPs in terrestrial arctic *** for freshwater sediment and fish confirmed the long-range transport of SCCPs and MCCPs and documented their *** additional PCB data were available,SPCB was usually higher than SSCCP in freshwater *** SCCPs and MCCPs were widely present in marine arctic biota(***,fish,seabirds,seals,whales,polar bears).In mussels and Atlantic cod,SMCCP concentrations exceeded those of SSCCP,while this was less clear for other marine *** mammals and the long-lived Greenland shark roughly had SSCCP concentrations of 100e500 ng/g lipid weight,often dominated by C11 *** appeared to be more pronounced for SSCCP than for SMCCP,but more studies will be *** SSCCP concentrations were observed in arctic air and sediment over time,but not in beluga monitored since

关键词： Bioaccumulation Biomagnification Long-range transport MCCPs Persistent organic pollutants SCCPs

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一种面向高异质性极化SAR图像的等效视数非监督估计方法

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电子与信息学报 2017年第10期39卷 2287-2293页

作者：胡丁晟仇晓兰 Stian N.Anfinsen 雷斌中国科学院电子学研究所北京100190 中国科学院空间信息与应用系统重点实验室北京100190 中国科学院大学北京100049 Department of Physics and Technology UiT The Arctic University of Norway

等效视数(ENL)是极化SAR多视数据统计模型的重要参数。而一些极化SAR图像的自动化应用中,需要在没有人工干预下实现ENL非监督估计。现有的等效视数非监督估计方法在异质程度较高的图像中就难以得到准确估计结果。针对这一问题,该文提出... 详细信息

等效视数(ENL)是极化SAR多视数据统计模型的重要参数。而一些极化SAR图像的自动化应用中,需要在没有人工干预下实现ENL非监督估计。现有的等效视数非监督估计方法在异质程度较高的图像中就难以得到准确估计结果。针对这一问题,该文提出一种将混合区域剔除与纹理信息聚类相结合的等效视数非监督估计方法,有效地减弱了地物混合及纹理两类主要异质因素对估计结果的影响。通过仿真数据和不同复杂度的实际图像验证了该方法的有效性。

关键词：极化SAR 乘积模型异质性等效视数非监督估计

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Current-use halogenated and organophosphorous flame retardants:A review of their presence in arctic ecosystems

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Emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 179-200页

作者： Katrin Vorkamp Jennifer Balmer Hayley Hung Robert J.Letcher Frank F.Riget Cynthia A.de Wit Aarhus university Department of Environmental ScienceArctic Research CentreRoskildeDenmark arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme TromsøNorway Air Quality Processes Research Section Environment and Climate Change CanadaTorontoCanada Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division Environment and Climate Change CanadaNational Wildlife Research CentreCarleton UniversityOttawaCanada Aarhus university Department of BioscienceArctic Research CentreRoskildeDenmark Greenland Institute of Natural Resources NuukGreenland Stockholm university Department of Environmental Science and Analytical ChemistryStockholmSweden Present address:The Citadel Department of BiologyCharlestonSCUSA.

Since the ban of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)and hexabromocyclododecane(HBCDD),other flame retardants may be increasingly ***-one current-use halogenated(HFRs)and 24 organophosphorous flame retardants(PFRs)have been sought in arctic ecosystems so *** measurements provide evidence of long-range atmospheric transport for the majority of these compounds,with much higher concentrations for PFRs than for *** HFRs,***(2-ethylhexyl)-tetrabromophthalate(BEH-TEBP),2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate(EH-TBB)and hexabromobenzene(HBBz),had air concentrations comparable to those of PBDEs in some *** data for seawater and ice indicate dry deposition of HFRs,while net volatilization from seawater was observed for some *** in the marine environment indicate a wide presence of HFRs in marine biota,but generally at low levels,*** lower than those of *** exist,namely 2,4,6-tribromophenyl 2,3-dibromopropyl ether(TBP-DBPE)and decabromodiphenyl ethane(DBDPE),which were found in concentrations comparable to PBDEs in some *** same was the case for 2,4,6-tribromophenyl allyl ether(TBP-AE)in a study from the terrestrial *** generally had low concentrations in biota,probably due to metabolic transformation of PFR triesters,as suggested by in vitro *** PFR concentrations occurred in some individuals,generally indicating a larger variability of PFRs in biota than found for *** commercially important tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA)was only detected sporadically,and only in abiotic matrices.

关键词： Bioaccumulation Brominated flame retardants Long-range transport Organophosphate esters Persistent organic pollutants

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Recent treeline dynamics are similar between dry and mesic areas of Nepal, central Himalaya

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第4期8卷 347-358页

作者： Krishna B.Shrestha Annika Hofgaard Vigdis Vandvik Department of Biology University of BergenPO Box 7803NO-5020BergenNorway UiB Global University of BergenJekteviksbakken 31PO Box 7800NO-5020BergenNorway Norwegian Institute for Nature Research PO Box 5685 SluppenNO-7485TrondheimNorway

Aims We investigated the treeline dynamics of two environmentally con-trasting areas in the Nepalese Himalaya to address the following questions:(i)Does the timing of establishment of the current tree-line differ between the two study areas,and can area-specific tree-line developments be identified?(ii)Do recruitment patterns and height growth indicate recent climate-driven treeline advance,fol-lowing the general prediction for the central Himalayan region,in the two study areas?Methods a dry-climate treeline dominated by Pinus wallichiana and a mesic-climate treeline with Abies spectabilis were selected for *** each area,we sampled the size and age structure of the study spe-cies along three elevational transects(20-m wide)from the forest line to the tree species line crossing the *** also sampled treeline trees from within and outside transects to reconstruct past treeline establishment *** Findings Despite differences in moisture regimes,tree species and recent climate trends,our two study areas showed very similar treeline dynamics over the past six *** both areas,the recruitment of treeline trees indicates stationary treelines over the past six decades with the current treelines being dominated by trees that were established around *** mesic area has experienced an overall climatic warming trend,and the stationary Abies treeline is hypothesized to be regulated by non-climatic factors,notably *** dry area has not experienced warming but increased climatic variability and some very cool summers in the recent dec-ades may explain the stationary to weakly receding Pinus treeline,which appears more climatically controlled with decreased recruit-ment over the past decades and decreased growth towards higher *** both areas,there is a potential for treeline advance,depending on future land use and climate *** results highlight the importance of conducting treeline ecotone analyses for several sites or are

关键词： Abies spectabilis Himalaya Pinus wallichiana slope aspect treeline ecotone dynamics

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Remarkable Link between Projected Uncertainties of arctic Sea-Ice Decline and Winter Eurasian Climate

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第1期35卷 38-51页

作者： Hoffman H.N.CHEUNG Noel KEENLYSIDE Nour-Eddine OMRANI Wen ZHOU Geophysical Institute University of BergenBergen 5007Norway Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research University of BergenBergen 5007Norway Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center Bergen 5006Norway Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Centre School of Energy and EnvironmentCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina City university of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057China

We identify that the projected uncertainty of the pan-arctic sea-ice concentration(SIC) is strongly coupled with the Eurasian circulation in the boreal winter(December–March; DJFM), based on a singular value decomposition(SVD) analysis of the forced response of 11 CMIP5 models. In the models showing a stronger sea-ice decline, the Polar cell becomes weaker and there is an anomalous increase in the sea level pressure(SLP) along 60°N, including the Urals–Siberia region and the Iceland low region. There is an accompanying weakening of both the midlatitude westerly winds and the Ferrell cell,where the SVD signals are also related to anomalous sea surface temperature warming in the midlatitude North *** the Mediterranean region, the anomalous circulation response shows a decreasing SLP and increasing precipitation. The anomalous SLP responses over the Euro-Atlantic region project on to the negative North Atlantic Oscillation–like ***, pan-arctic SIC decline could strongly impact the winter Eurasian climate, but we should be cautious about the causality of their linkage.

关键词： arctic climate Siberian high Icelandic low three-cell meridional circulation

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The Mesozoic of Western Scandinavia and East Greenland

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Episodes 2008年第1期31卷 59-65页

作者： Arvid NФttvedt Erik P. Johannessen Finn Surlyk Christian Michelsen Research Bergen Norway. StatoilHydro Stavanger Norway. Department of Geography and Geology University of Copenhagen Denmark.

Thick Mesozoic sediments are found offshore norway and Denmark, and Mesozoic rocks are present and well exposed in Denmark, along the coast of East Greenland and on the arctic islands of Svalbard. During the Mesozoic, Scandinavia and Greenland were subject to major extension in the Late Permian-Early Triassic and Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous, prior to Cenozoic opening of the North Atlantic. Deep basins developed along the rift zones of the North Sea and between East Greenland and Norwa）; and were .filled with sediments derived from mainland Scandinavia and Greenland. The marginal areas bordering the rift zones suffered less subsidence, as did the epicontinental Barents Sea.

关键词：中生代斯堪的纳维亚东格陵兰岛地质特征

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Identifying further chemicals of emerging arctic concern based on‘in silico’screening of chemical inventories

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Emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 201-210页

作者： Derek Muir Xianming Zhang Cynthia A.de Wit Katrin Vorkamp Simon Wilson Environment&Climate Change Canada Canada Centre for Inland WatersBurlingtonONCanada School of Environment Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina university of Toronto TorontoONCanada Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry(ACES) Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden Department of Environmental Science Aarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program TromsøNorway

In the past 12 years several studies have screened lists of thousands of chemicals available in the industrial chemical inventories of the European Union,the USA and Canada with the goal of identifying and prioritizing chemicals which are persistent(P),bioaccumulative(B)and toxic(T).Most studies have selected chemicals based on whether their predicted P and B properties and their long-range transport potential exceed guideline thresholds for evaluation of persistent organic pollutants(POPs).A major goal of this study was to review this recent literature on computer-based or‘in silico’screening for POPs.A second goal was to review other approaches for finding previously unidentified chemicals of concern including targeted and non-target analytical approaches that might use lists of suspect chemicals developed from‘in silico’screening *** studies were reviewed along with several others which examined the screening process and its *** these studies we assembled a list of 3421 chemicals,after removing duplicates and substances already on the Stockholm Convention on *** 52%of these were halogenated,while 48%consisted of a broad range of non-halogenated *** list was then further analysed by calculating an overall“POPs score”for transport and accumulation in the arctic for each substance using predicted partition coefficients,overall persistence,transfer efficiency,and bioaccumulation factor.A shorter list of twenty-five substances was developed based on their POPs score *** substances had not been previously analysed in environmental media but were nevertheless on current or recent chemical inventories indicating significant commercial use.

关键词： Persistent organic pollutants Persistence Bioaccumulation Long-range transport Non-target screening

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Chemicals of Emerging arctic Concern:Preface

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Emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 1-3页

作者： Cynthia A.de Wit Jennifer Balmer Derek C.G.Muir Katrin Vorkamp Simon Wilson Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry(ACES) Stockholm UniversitySE-10691StockholmSweden arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme The Fram CentreN-9296TromsøNorway Department of Biology The CitadelCharlestonSCUSA Canada Centre for Inland Waters Environment and Climate Change CanadaBurlingtonONL7S 1A1Canada Department of Environmental Science Arctic Research CentreAarhus UniversityFrederiksborgvej 399PO Box 358DK-4000RoskildeDenmark

*** The arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme(AMAP)was established as an international program for monitoring and assessing arctic pollution in 1991,under the arctic Environmental Protection Strategy[1].AMAP is now aWorking Group of the arctic Council(http://***)responsible for monitoring and assessing a range of pollution-and climate change-related issues in the arctic in order to“provide reliable and sufficient information on the status of,and threats to,the arctic environment,and scientific advice on actions to be taken in order to support arctic governments in their efforts to take remedial and preventive actions relating to contaminants and adverse effects of climate change”(see Ref.[2]).

关键词： Chemicals of emerging concern arctic Persistent organic pollutants arctic monitoring and assessment programme

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