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Recent Ventures in Interdisciplinary arctic Research:The ARCPATH Project

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1559-1568页

作者： Astrid E.J.OGILVIE Leslie A.KING Noel KEENLYSIDE Fran?ois COUNILLON Brynhildur DAVIDSDóTTIR Níels EINARSSON Sergey GULEV Ke FAN Torben KOENIGK James R.MCGOODWIN Marianne H.RASMUSSON Shuting YANG Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute Danish Meteorological Institute Institute of arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR) University of Colorado Stefansson arctic Institute Royal Roads university university of Bergen Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre university of Iceland Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Moscow State university Chinese Academy of Sciences

This paper celebrates Professor Yongqi GAO's significant achievement in the field of interdisciplinary studies within the context of his final research project arctic Climate Predictions: Pathways to Resilient Sustainable Societies-ARCPATH(https://www.***.is/en/projects/finished-projects/arcpath). The disciplines represented in the project are related to climatology, anthropology, marine biology, economics, and the broad spectrum of social-ecological studies. Team members were drawn from the Nordic countries, Russia, China, the United States, and Canada. The project was transdisciplinary as well as interdisciplinary as it included collaboration with local knowledge holders. ARCPATH made significant contributions to arctic research through an improved understanding of the mechanisms that drive climate variability in the arctic. In tandem with this research, a combination of historical investigations and social, economic, and marine biological fieldwork was carried out for the project study areas of Iceland, Greenland, norway, and the surrounding seas, with a focus on the joint use of ocean and sea-ice data as well as social-ecological drivers. ARCPATH was able to provide an improved framework for predicting the near-term variation of arctic climate on spatial scales relevant to society, as well as evaluating possible related changes in socioeconomic realms. In summary, through the integration of information from several different disciplines and research approaches, ARCPATH served to create new and valuable knowledge on crucial issues, thus providing new pathways to action for arctic communities.

关键词： SEA-ICE INITIALIZATION PREDICTION SKILL CLIMATE SCIENCE

Ship behavior prediction via trajectory extraction-based clustering for maritime situation awareness

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2022年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： Brian Murray LokukalugePrasad Perera uit the arctic university of norway TromsøNorway

This study presents a method in which historical AIS data are used to predict the future trajectory of a se-lected vessel.This is facilitated via a system intelligence-based approach that can be subsequently utilized to provide enhanced situation awareness to navigators and future autonomous ships,aiding proactive col-lision avoidance.By evaluating the historical ship behavior in a given geographical region,the method applies machine learning techniques to extrapolate commonalities in relevant trajectory segments.These commonalities represent historical behavior modes that correspond to the possible future behavior of the selected vessel.Subsequently,the selected vessel is classified to a behavior mode,and a trajectory with respect to this mode is predicted.This is achieved via an initial clustering technique and subsequent tra-jectory extraction.The extracted trajectories are then compressed using the Karhunen-Loéve transform,and clustered using a Gaussian Mixture Model.The approach in this study differs from others in that tra-jectories are not clustered for an entire region,but rather for relevant trajectory segments.As such,the extracted trajectories provide a much better basis for clustering relevant historical ship behavior modes.A selected vessel is then classified to one of these modes using its observed behavior.Trajectory predic-tions are facilitated using an enhanced subset of data that likely correspond to the future behavior of the selected vessel.The method yields promising results,with high classification accuracy and low prediction error.However,vessels with abnormal behavior degrade the results in some situations,and have also been discussed in this study.

关键词： Maritime situation awareness Ship navigation Trajectory prediction Collision avoidance Machine learning Unsupervised learning AIS

Effects of site preparation methods on soil physical properties and outplanting success of coniferous seedlings in boreal forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第2期35卷 70-80页

作者： Aleksey S.Ilintsev Elena N.Nakvasina Alexander P.Bogdanov Northern Research Institute of Forestry 13 Nikitova Str.Arkhangelsk 163062Russian Federation Department of Silviculture and Forest Management Northern(Arctic)Federal University Named After M.V.LomonosovSevernoy Dviny Emb.17Arkhangelsk 163002Russian Federation

This study assessed the effect of patch scarification and mounding on the physical properties of the root layer and the success of tree planting in various types of forests.This study was conducted on 12 forest sites in taiga forests of the European part of Russia.A total of 54 plots were set up to assess seedling survival;root collar diameter,height,and heigh increment were measured for 240 seedlings to assess growth.In the rooting layer,240 soil samples were taken to determine physical properties.The study showed that soil treatment methods had no effect on bulk density and total porosity in Cladina sites.However,reduced soil moisture was noted,particularly in mounds,resulting in increased aeration.In Myrtillus sites,there were increased bulk density,reduced soil moisture,and total porosity in the mounds.Mounding treatment in Polytrichum sites resulted in reduced soil moisture and increased aeration porosity.In the Myrtillus and Polytrichum sites,patch scarification had no effects on physical properties.In Polytrichum sites,survival rates,heights,and heigh increments of bareroot norway spruce seedlings in mounds were higher than in patches;however,the same did not apply to diameter.In Cladina and Myrtillus sites,there was no difference in growth for bareroot and containerised seedlings with different soil treatments.Growing conditions and soil types should be considered when applying different soil treatment methods to ensure high survival rates and successful seedling growth.

关键词： Boreal forests Mechanical site preparation Patch scarification Mounding Soil properties Containerised seedlings Bareroot seedlings

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Challenges Associated with Creeping Disasters in Disaster Risk Science and Practice:Considering Disaster Onset Dynamics

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第1期13卷 1-11页

作者： Reidar Staupe-Delgado Olivier Rubin Department of Social Sciences and Business.Roskilde university 4000 RoskildeDenmark Department of Technology and Safety UiT The Arctic University of Norway9037 TromsONorway

In this article,we set out to reconcile a general conceptualization of disaster temporalities by drawing on the epitome example of a creeping disaster,namely famine.Our argument is driven by the recognition that slowly manifesting disaster impacts pose distinct challenges for decision makers and researchers while there is a tendency for the disaster literature to overlook the role of disaster onset dynamics.More specifically and as a starting point,we identify four key themes that merit particular attention when dealing with creeping disasters:(1)our understanding of disaster as a phenomenon;(2)measurement and operationalization;(3)early warning and response;and(4)disaster management and termination.By integrating conceptual discussions of disaster with famine scholarship—a phenomenon often excluded from mainstream disaster research—this article provides fresh perspectives on disaster science as well as a number of implications for how we think about disaster risk reduction.

关键词： Disaster response Early warning Famine disasters Slow-onset disasters

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周年生物钟:赋予动物预知季节的能力（英文）

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Science Bulletin 2024年第12期 1839-1843页

作者：陈君凤吴蔚龙娟刘鑫 David Hazlerigg 詹祥江 Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences university of Chinese Academy of Sciences arctic Seasonal Timekeeping Initiative (ASTI) Department of Arctic and Marine Biology Ui T The Arctic University of Norway Cardiff university-Institute of Zoology Joint Laboratory for Biocomplexity Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Seasonal changes in climate and animal behaviors have been depicted in Chinese literature since ancient times, such as the classical poem "Huì Chóng Ch-un Jiang Wǎn Jǐng" by Su Shi. We now know that the intricate ...

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揭示鱼鳞降低冰黏附力的奥秘

Science China Materials 2024年第6期67卷 2016-2022页

作者：王锋刘思琪肖森波 Bjørn Skallerud 张志良何健英 Department of Structural Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)Trondheim 7491Norway Suzhou Laboratory Suzhou 215000China

近几十年来,大量的研究文献表明,研究人员一直在探究静态表面特性(包括自由能、韧性和弹性)对疏冰性的影响.然而,对于动态表面特性在辅助除冰方面的理解非常有限.在本工作中,我们重点研究了北三文鱼表皮的冰黏附强度,并且观察到了有趣... 详细信息

近几十年来,大量的研究文献表明,研究人员一直在探究静态表面特性(包括自由能、韧性和弹性)对疏冰性的影响.然而,对于动态表面特性在辅助除冰方面的理解非常有限.在本工作中,我们重点研究了北三文鱼表皮的冰黏附强度,并且观察到了有趣的各向异性的冰黏附行为.与顺着鱼鳞生长方向的冰黏附强度(353±95 kPa)相比,逆着鱼鳞生长方向的冰黏附强度(141±47 kPa)降低了60%.我们发现,鱼鳞在受到剪切力的过程中,会发生独特的结构演变,从而导致界面连续断裂,有利于降低冰的黏附性.研究发现,鱼鳞的张开和剥离能力(描述了鳞片在外力下与其下部鳞片和黏结物分离的趋势)可以调控冰的脱落.通过提高鱼鳞的张开和剥离能力,可以在鱼鳞上实现更低的冰黏附强度(66±15 kPa)和更为容易的除冰过程.由于鱼鳞具有出色的机械鲁棒性,这一发现为设计坚硬耐用的防覆冰表面提供了新的视角.

关键词： fish scale ice adhesion dynamic behaviors sequential rupture anti-icing

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Chip-based multimodal super-resolution microscopy for histological investigations of cryopreserved tissue sections

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第3期11卷 35-51页

作者： Luis E.Villegas-Hernández Vishesh Dubey Mona Nystad Jean-Claude Tinguely David A.Coucheron Firehun T.Dullo Anish Priyadarshi Sebastian Acuña Azeem Ahmad JoséM.Mateos Gery Barmettler Urs Ziegler Åsa Birna Birgisdottir Aud-Malin Karlsson Hovd Kristin Andreassen Fenton Ganesh Acharya Krishna Agarwal Balpreet Singh Ahluwalia Department of Physics and Technology UiT The Arctic University of NorwayKlokkargårdsbakken N-9019TromsøNorway Department of Clinical Medicine Women’s Health and Perinatology Research GroupUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital of North NorwayTromsøNorway Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis University of ZurichZürichSwitzerland Division of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Medicine University Hospital of North NorwayTromsøNorway Department of Clinical Medicine Clinical Cardiovascular Research GroupUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway Department of Medical Biology RNA and Molecular Pathology Research GroupUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Clinical ScienceIntervention and TechnologyKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden

Histology involves the observation of structural features in tissues using a microscope.While diffraction-limited optical microscopes are commonly used in histological investigations,their resolving capabilities are insufficient to visualize details at subcellular level.Although a novel set of super-resolution optical microscopy techniques can fulfill the resolution demands in such cases,the system complexity,high operating cost,lack of multi-modality,and low-throughput imaging of these methods limit their wide adoption for histological analysis.In this study,we introduce the photonic chip as a feasible high-throughput microscopy platform for super-resolution imaging of histological samples.Using cryopreserved ultrathin tissue sections of human placenta,mouse kidney,pig heart,and zebrafish eye retina prepared by the Tokuyasu method,we demonstrate diverse imaging capabilities of the photonic chip including total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy,intensity fluctuation-based optical nanoscopy,single-molecule localization microscopy,and correlative light-electron microscopy.Our results validate the photonic chip as a feasible imaging platform for tissue sections and pave the way for the adoption of super-resolution high-throughput multimodal analysis of cryopreserved tissue samples both in research and clinical settings.

关键词： resolution modal feasible

Label-free superior contrast with c-band ultra-violet extinction microscopy

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第3期12卷 435-445页

作者： Florian Ströhl Deanna L.Wolfson Ida S.Opstad Daniel H.Hansen Hong Mao Balpreet S.Ahluwalia Department of Physics and Technology UiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway Department of Clinical Science Intervention and TechnologyKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden

In 1934,Frits Zernike demonstrated that it is possible to exploit the sample’s refractive index to obtain superior contrast images of biological cells.The refractive index contrast of a cell surrounded by media yields a change in the phase and intensity of the transmitted light wave.This change can be due to either scattering or absorption caused by the sample.Most cells are transparent at visible wavelengths,which means the imaginary component of their complex refractive index,also known as extinction coefficient k,is close to zero.Here,we explore the use of c-band ultra-violet(UVC)light for high-contrast high-resolution label-free microscopy,as k is naturally substantially higher in the UVC than at visible wavelengths.Using differential phase contrast illumination and associated processing,we achieve a 7-to 300-fold improvement in contrast compared to visible-wavelength and UVA differential interference contrast microscopy or holotomography,and quantify the extinction coefficient distribution within liver sinusoidal endothelial cells.With a resolution down to 215 nm,we are,for the first time in a far-field label-free method,able to image individual fenestrations within their sieve plates which normally requires electron or fluorescence superresolution microscopy.UVC illumination also matches the excitation peak of intrinsically fluorescent proteins and amino acids and thus allows us to utilize autofluorescence as an independent imaging modality on the same setup.

关键词： wave. extinction violet

Ship performance and navigation data compression and communication under autoencoder system architecture

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2018年第2期3卷 133-143页

作者： Lokukaluge P.Perera B.Mo uit the arctic university of norway TromsoNorway SINTEF Ocean TrondheimNorway

Modern vessels are designed to collect,store and communicate large quantities of ship performance and navigation information through complex onboard data handling processes.That data should be transferred to shore based data centers for further analysis and storage.However,the associated transfer cost in large-scale data sets is a major challenge for the shipping industry,today.The same cost relates to the amount of data that are transferring through various communication networks(i.***.satellites and wireless networks),i.***.between vessels and shore based data centers.Hence,this study proposes to use an autoencoder system architecture(i.e.a deep learning approach)to compress ship performance and navigation parameters(i.***.reduce the number of parameters)and transfer through the respective communication networks as reduced data sets.The data compression is done under the linear version of an autoencoder that consists of principal component analysis(PCA),where the respective principal components(PCs)represent the structure of the data set.The compressed data set is expanded by the same data structure(i.***.an autoencoder system architecture)at the respective data center requiring further analyses and storage.A data set of ship performance and navigation parameters in a selected vessel is analyzed(i.***.data compression and expansion)through an autoencoder system architecture and the results are presented in this study.Furthermore,the respective input and output values of the autoencoder are also compared as statistical distributions and sample number series to evaluate its performance.

关键词： Autoencoder Ship performance and navigation information Ship energy efficiency Data compression Data communication Principal component analysis