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Resistance risk assessment of six pyrethroids and acephate toward the resistant adult tarnished plant bug,Lygus lineolaris

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 792-802页

作者： Yuzhe Du Shane Scheibener Yucheng Zhu Maribel Portilla Mingling Zhang usda-ARS Southern Insect Management Research UnitStonevilleUSA usda-ARS Pollinator Health in Southern Crop Ecosystem Research UnitStonevilleUSA

Due to rapidly developed resistance,pest management relies less on pyrethroids to control economically damaging infestations of the tarnished plant bug(TPB),Lygus lineolaris(Palisot de Beauvois)in cotton fields of Mississippi.Yet,pyrethroid resistance remains prevalent in TPB populations.This study assessed the resistance levels in adult TPB to six common pyrethroids and acephate.Resistant TBPs were collected from wild host plants in late October after harvest in the Mississippi Delta region of the United States.Based on LCso values,the field-resistant TPBs displayed higher resistance to permethrin,esfenvalerate,and bifenthrin(approximately 30 fold)and moderate resistance toα-cyhalothrin,β-cyfluthrin,5-cypermethrin,and acephate(approximately 15 fold).Further investigations showed that the inhibitors of three detoxification enzyme,triphenyl phosphate(TPP),diethyl maleate(DEM),and piperonyl butoxide(PBO)had synergistic effects on permethrin,γ-cyhalothrin,and bifenthrin in resistant TPBs.Furthermore,elevated esterase,GST,and P450 activities were significantly expressed in fieldresistant TPBs.Additionally,GST and esterase were reduced after 48 h exposure to certain pyrethroids at LCso dose.The synergistic and biochemical assays consistently indicated that P450 and esterase were involved in pyrethroid detoxification in TPBs.This study provides valuable information for the continued use of pyrethroids and acephate in controlling TPBs in cotton fields in the Mississippi Delta region of the United States.

关键词： cytochrome P450-monooxygenases(P450) detoxification enzyme activities esterase Lygus lineolaris pyrethroids and organophosphate resistance tarnished plant bug

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北极圈数据库及为何需要(英)

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冰川冻土 2002年第5期24卷 532-537页

作者： John Kimble~ 1,\ Sergey Goryachkin\+2 (1.usda-nrcs-NSSA Lincoln, NE, USA 2.Institute of Geography Moscow, Russia) usda-nrcs-NSSA Lincoln 美国 NE Institute of Geography Moscow 俄罗斯

Many factors, such the great changes of temperature, which will be expected at the high latitudes, increased pressure from humans to extract the natural resources in cold regions, seriously affect the cold environment. Many meetings have been held about the classification of cold soils, ideas and concepts of cold soils. These facilitate the need for developing a database of soils of the circumpolar region. The database can help offering information for potential problems in cold regions and for selecting the best areas for placement of new road and towns.

关键词：土壤有机碳冻土分类喀斯特北极圈数据库

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Big data-driven water research towards metaverse

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Water Science and Engineering 2024年第2期17卷 101-107页

作者： Minori Uchimiya usda-ARS Southern Regional Research Center 1100 Allen Toussaint BoulevardNew OrleansLA 70124USA

Although big data is publicly available on water quality parameters,virtual simulation has not yet been adequately adapted in environmental chemistry research.Digital twin is different from conventional geospatial modeling approaches and is particularly useful when systematic laboratory/field experiment is not realistic(e.g.,climate impact and water-related environmental catastrophe)or difficult to design and monitor in a real time(e.g.,pollutant and nutrient cycles in estuaries,soils,and sediments).Data-driven water research could realize early warning and disaster readiness simulations for diverse environmental scenarios,including drinking water contamination.

关键词： Data mining Omics Remote sensing Sensor Chemoinformatics

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Erratum to “Plant Defense against Necrotrophic Pathogens” [American Journal of Plant Sciences 11(12) (2020) 2122-2138]

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第2期15卷 122-138页

作者： Mahmoud H. Ghozlan Nikita Gambhir Eman EL-Argawy Serkan Tokgöz Dilip K. Lakshman Amitava Mitra University of Nebraska Lincoln NE USA usda-ARS Beltsville MD USA

The original online version of this article (Ghozlan, M.H., EL-Argawy, E., Tokgöz, S., Lakshman, D.K. and Mitra, A. (2020) Plant Defense against Necrotrophic Pathogens. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 11, 2122-2138. https://***/10.4236/ajps.2020.1112149) was published mistakenly without another co-author, Nikita Gambhir. In this regard, we revise authors and “how to cite” sections by adding her name.

关键词： Effectors Host Immunity Signaling P/MAMP ETI Disease Resistance

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Eugenol targeting CrtM inhibits the biosynthesis of staphyloxanthin in Staphylococcus aureus

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1368-1377页

作者： Jiang Chang Bo Chen Zeqian Du Bowen Zhao Jiahui Li Ziyi Li Kannappan Arunachalam Ting Shi Dongqing Wei Chunlei Shi MOST-usda Joint Research Center for Food Safety School of Agriculture and BiologyState Key Laboratory of Microbial MetabolismShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Staphylococcus aureus is a serious foodborne pathogen threatening food safety and public health.Especially the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)increased the difficulty of S.aureus treatment.Staphyloxanthin is a crucial virulence factor of S.aureus.Blocking staphyloxanthin production could help the host immune system counteract the invading S.aureus cells.In this study,we first screened for staphyloxanthin inhibitors using a virtual screening method.The outcome of the virtual screening method resulted in the identification of eugenol(300μg/mL),which significantly inhibits the staphyloxanthin production in S.aureus ATCC 29213,S.aureus Newman,MRSA ATCC 43300 and MRSA ATCC BAA1717by 84.2%,63.5%,68.1%,and 79.5%,respectively.The outcome of the growth curve assay,field-emission scanning electron,and confocal laser scanning microscopy analyses confirmed that eugenol at the test concentration did not affect the morphology and growth of S.aureus.Moreover,the survival rate of S.aureus ATCC 29213 and MRSA ATCC 43300 under H_(2)O_(2) pressure decreased to 51.9%and 45.5%in the presence of eugenol,respectively.The quantitative RT-PCR and molecular simulation studies revealed that eugenol targets staphyloxanthin biosynthesis by downregulating the transcription of the crtM gene and inhibiting the activity of the CrtM enzyme.Taken together,we first determined that eugenol was a prominent compound for staphyloxanthin inhibitor to combat S.aureus especially MRSA infections.

关键词： Staphylococcus aureus Staphyloxanthin Eugenol Virtual screening 4 4’-Diapophytoene synthase(CrtM)

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Giving Food a Fiber Boost: Adding High Beta-Glucan Ingredient from Barley to Everyday Foods

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第4期15卷 277-289页

作者： Gongshe Hu Sherry Ellberg Kathy Satterfield Chris Evans usda ARS Pacific West Area 1691 S. 2700 W Aberdeen Idaho USA

Lack of dietary fiber contributes to many health issues, particularly chronic vascular diseases. Mixed linkage β-1.3 - 1.4 beta-glucan (beta-glucan, in this paper) is a confirmed beneficial ingredient for the human diet through reduction of cholesterol and the glycemic index. Barley contains the highest beta-glucan content of all the grains, and in this study, a percentage of flour from two high beta glucan lines was, each, added to an array of wheat-based food products to measure how it impacted total dietary fiber. Results showed that beta-glucan content was higher in all the products containing the added high beta-glucan flour, along with increased total dietary fiber content. Protein content in the food products is also increased with the higher protein in the barley flours added. Beta-glucan content in the barley-added products increased to 1.2% - 4.0% versus 0.2% - 0.5% in the pure wheat products, while the dietary fibers increased to 3.5% - 24.4% versus 2.1% - 9.1% in pure wheat product controls. This research provided experimental evidence that using a high beta-glucan barley ingredient in food can increase dietary fiber to benefit health.

关键词： Food High Fiber Barley Ingredient Beta-Glucan Human Health

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Evaluation of a Wireless Solar Powered Personal Weather Station

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 36-53页

作者： Robert J. Lascano Timothy S. Goebel Dennis C. Gitz III John E. Stout Cropping Systems Research Laboratory Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Research Unit USDA-ARS Lubbock TX USA

We are evaluating dryland cotton production in Martin County, Texas, measuring cotton lint yield per unit of rainfall. Our goal is to collect rainfall data per 250 - 400 ha. Upon selection of a rainfall gauge, we realized that the cost of using, for example, a tipping bucket-type rain gauge would be too expensive and thus searched for an alternative method. We selected an all-in-one commercially available weather station;hereafter, referred to as a Personal Weather Station (PWS) that is both wireless and solar powered. Our objective was to evaluate average measurements of rainfall obtained with the PWS and to compare these to measurements obtained with an automatic weather station (AWS). For this purpose, we installed four PWS deployed within 20 m of the Plant Stress and Water Conservation Meteorological Tower that was used as our AWS, located at usda-ARS Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, Lubbock, TX. In addition, we measured and compared hourly average values of short-wave irradiance (Rg), air temperature (Tair) and relative humidity (RH), and wind speed (WS), and calculated values of dewpoint temperature (Tdew). This comparison was done over a 242-day period (1 October 2022-31 May 2023) and results indicated that there was no statistical difference in measurements of rainfall between the PWS and AWS. Hourly average values of Rg measured with the PWS and AWS agreed on clear days, but PWS measurements were higher on cloudy days. There was no statistical difference between PWS and AWS hourly average measurements of Tair, RH, and calculated Tdew. Hourly average measurements of Rg and WS were more variable. We concluded that the PWS we selected will provide adequate values of rainfall and other weather variables to meet our goal of evaluating dryland cotton lint yield per unit rainfall.

关键词： Automation Sensors Citizen Weather Station Mesonet Rainfall Weather Variables

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Fragipan Horizon Changes Using Annual Ryegrass and Other Admendments

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第6期14卷 388-397页

作者： Lloyd Murdock Anastasios Karathanasis Dottie Call Dana L. Dinnes Amitava Chatterjee Department of Plant & Soil Science University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA usda-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment University Bldg Ames IA USA

A greenhouse experiment was conducted involving intact fragipan soil cores of 50 cm thickness after removing the topsoil horizons. The cores were maintained in moist condition throughout the experiment and received several treatments with various amendments for different periods ranging from 9 to 17 months. The amendments included annual ryegrass or Festulolium residues, powder limestone and various humate compounds alone or in combination with the grass residues. The results suggested a significant effect of ryegrass and Festulolium in reducing penetration resistance into the top 10 cm of the fragipan within 9 - 17 months, particularly when used in combination with certain humate materials such as Leonardite. Apparently, this is the result of the release of certain soluble organic compounds from the plant residues or the humate amendments that increase the solubility of Si and Al associated with the fragipan brittleness, thus decreasing the density of the compacted fragipan material.

关键词： Fragipan Fragipan Horizon Fragipan Soils Changing the Fragipan Annual Ryegrass Changes Fragipan Festulolium Changes Fragipan Amendments That Change the Fragipan

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Is there hybridization between 2 species of the same genus in sympatry?——The genetic relationships between Anoplophora glabripennis,Anoplophora chinensis,and putative hybrids

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 633-645页

作者： Haiwen Qin Huachao Xu Arnaud Capron Ilga Porth Mingming Cui Melody A.Keena Xiaofang Deng Juan Shi Richard C.Hamelin Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia Department of ForestBejing Forestry UniversityBejingChina Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada College of Forestry and Biotechnology Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouChina Department of Wood and Forest Sciences Laval UniversityQuebecCanada 5 Department of AgricultureNorthern Research StationUSDA Forest ServiceHamdenConnecticutUSA Changchun Landscape Plant Conservation Station Bureau of Forestry and Landscaping of ChangchunChangchunChina

Anoplophora glabripennis(Asian longhorn beetle,ALB)and Anoplophora chinensis(Citrus longhorn beetle,CLB)are native forest pests in China;they have become important international quarantine pests.They are found using the same Salix aureopendula host tree of Cixi,Zhejiang province,China.On this host tree,we collected additional beetles that appeared to be morphologically intermediate between ALB and CLB.By using a stereoscope,we observed that there were several bumps on the base of the elytra,which was inconsistent with ALB,which typically has a smooth elytral base,but was more like CLB,which has numerous short tubercles on the elytral base.Given their sympatry and intermediate morphology,we hypothesized that these may represent ALB×CLB hybrids.We studied the genomic profiles for 46 samples(ALB,CLB,and putative hybrids)using genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS)providing a reduced representation of the entire genome.Employing principal component analyses on the 163 GBS-derived single nucleotide polymorphism data,we found putative hybrids tightly clustered with ALB,but genetically distinct from the CLB individuals.Therefore,our initial hybrid hypothesis was not supported by genomic data.Further,while mating experiments between adult ALB and CLB were successful in 4 separate years(2017,2018,2020,and 2021),and oviposition behavior was observed,no progeny was produced.Having employed population genomic analysis and biological hybridization experiments,we conclude that the putative hybrids represent newly discovered morphological variants within ALB.Our approach further confirmed the advantage of genome-wide information for Anoplophora species assignment in certain ambiguous classification cases.

关键词： Anoplophora chinensis Anoplophora glabripenni sg enotyping-bysequencing invasive pest mating putative hybrid

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Adding Value to Crop Production Systems by Integrating Forage Cover Crop Grazing

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 180-192页

作者： Robert B. Mitchell Daren D. Redfearn Kenneth P. Vogel Terry J. Klopfenstein Galen Erickson P. Stephen Baenziger Bruce E. Anderson Mary E. Drewnoski Jay Parsons Steven D. Masterson Marty R. Schmer Virginia L. Jin usda-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Animal Science University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agricultural Economics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA usda-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

In addition to their value as cereal grains, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) are important cool-season annual forages and cover crops. Yearling steer (Bos taurus) performance was compared in the spring following autumn establishment as for age cover crops after soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain harvest. Replicated pastures (0.4 ha) were no-till seeded in three consecutive years into soybean stubble in autumn, fertilized, and grazed the following spring near Ithaca, NE, USA. Each pasture (n = 3) was continuously stocked in spring with four yearling steers (380 ± 38 kg) for 17, 32, and 28 d in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. In 2005, average daily gain (ADG) for steers grazing triticale exceeded the ADG for wheat by 0.31 kghd-1d-1. In 2006, wheat ADG exceeded that for triticale by 0.12 kghd-1d-1. In 2007, steers grazing wheat lost weight, while steers grazing triticale gained 0.20 kghd-1d-1. Based on the 3-year average animal gains valued at $1.32 kg-1, mean net return ($ ha-1 yr-1) was $62.15 for triticale and $22.55 for wheat. Since these grazed cover crops provide ecosystem services in addition to forage, grazing could be viewed as a mechanism for recovering costs and adds additional value to the system. Based on this 3-year grazing trial, triticale was superior to wheat and likely will provide the most stable beef yearling performance across years with variable weather for the western Cornbelt USA.

关键词： Cover crops Soybean Triticale Wheat

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