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A global review of the ecological significance of symbiotic associations between birds and fungi

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Fungal Diversity 2019年第5期98卷 161-194页

作者： Todd F.Elliott Michelle A.Jusino James M.Trappe Heino Lepp Guy-Anthony Ballard Jeremy J.Bruhl Karl Vernes Ecosystem Management School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia Department of plant Pathology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA Forestry Sciences Laboratory Pacific Northwest Research StationU.S.Forest ServiceCorvallisOR 97331USA Honorary Scientific Associate Australian National Botanic GardensCanberraACTAustralia School of Environmental and Rural Sciences University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia Vertebrate Pest Research Unit Biosecurity NSWNSW Department of Primary IndustriesUniversity of New EnglandPO Box U86Armidale 2351NSWAustralia Botany School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia

Symbiotic associations between mammals and fungi have been well documented and are widely regarded as vital to ecosystem functions around the *** between birds and fungi are also ecologically vital but have been far less thoroughly *** manuscript is the first to review a wide range of symbiotic associations between birds and *** compile the largest list to date of bird species reported to eat fungi(54 bird species in 27 families)and follow up with a discussion of these symbioses and suggestions for how future studies can determine the prevalence of associations between birds and *** review the importance of fungi for cavity-excavating birds and show that at least 30 bird species in three families form varying levels of associations with fungi for cavity *** also review the use of fungal rhizomorphs in nest construction and show that 176 bird species in 37 families use fungal material in their *** of these interactions have wide-reaching ecosystem implications,particularly in regard to fungal dispersal and biogeography,plant health,ecosystem function,bird nutrition/fitness and bird behaviour.

关键词： Mycorrhizae Fungal dispersal Ornithomycological associations Bird nutrition Mycophagy Rhizomorphs Cavity-nesting Tree hollows

Mycorrhizal Symbioses of Cotton Grown on Sodic Soils:A Review from an Australian Perspective

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Pedosphere 2017年第6期27卷 1015-1026页

作者： Samieh ESKANDARI Christopher N.GUPPY Oliver G.G.KNOX David BACKHOUSE Rebecca E.HALING School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidale NSW 2351(Australia) CSIRO Agriculture Canberra ACT 2601(Australia)

The majority of terrestrial plants form some type of mycorrhizal *** established symbiosis therefore exists in most commercially important crops, which includes *** mycorrhizal fungus(AMF) can colonise 50%–90% of cotton root length under field and controlled *** improves growth and nutrient uptake(especially phosphorus) of cotton,particularly at the early growth *** symbioses help plants to counter the stresses imposed by physical and chemical soil constraints; however, adverse environmental conditions may restrict the mycorrhizal associations and consequently may reduce nutrient uptake and impair plant *** Australia, cotton is mainly grown on sodic soils that contain more than 6% of the total cations as exchangeable *** levels of sodium in the soil create adverse physical and chemical soil conditions that may negatively affect mycorrhizal symbioses of *** review discusses the cotton mycorrhizal colonisation, plant growth, and disease protection effects, potential negative effects of physical and chemical properties of sodic soils, and influences of some agronomic management *** addition, the research gaps were identified and some practical applications of the research outcomes were suggested.

关键词： agronomic management axbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) disease protection exchangeable sodium pathogen,plant growth soil property

Performance of broiler chickens offered nutritionally-equivalent diets based on two red grain sorghums with quantified kafirin concentrations as intact pellets or re-ground mash following steam-pelleting at65 or 97℃ conditioning temperatures

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Animal Nutrition 2015年第3期1卷 220-228页

作者： Ha H.Truong Karlie A.Neilson Bernard V.McInerney Ali Khoddami Thomas H.Roberts Sonia Yun Liu Peter H.Selle Poultry Research Foundation within the Faculty of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Australian Poultry CRC University of New England Australian Proteome Analysis Facility Macquarie University Department of plant and Food Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Environment The University of Sydney

The Liverpool Plains is a fertile agricultural region in new South Wales, Australia. Two sorghums from the2009 Liverpool Plains harvest, sorghums #3 and #5, were extensively characterised which included concentrations of kafirin and phenolic compounds plus rapid visco-analysis(RVA) starch pasting profiles. Diets based on these two sorghums were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic and were offered to male Ross 308 broiler chicks from 7 to 28 days post–hatch as either intact pellets or reground mash following steam-pelleting at conditioning temperatures of either 65 or 97°C. Thus the feeding study consisted of a 2×2×2 factorial array of dietary treatments: two sorghum varieties, two feed forms and two conditioning temperatures. Each of the eight treatments was replicated six times with six birds per replicate *** parameters included growth performance, nutrient utilisation, apparent starch and protein(N) digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates from the distal jejunum and distal ileum. Intact pellets supported higher(P <0.001) feed intakes and weight gains by 9.83 and 9.08%, respectively, than reground mash diets. Feed conversion ratios of broilers offered diets steam-conditioned at 97°C were 2.46% inferior(P <0.001) in comparison to 65°C diets and both apparent metabolizable energy(AME) and N-corrected AME(AMEn) were compromised. Broilers offered sorghum #3-based diets significantly(P <0.001) outperformed their sorghum #5 counterparts in terms of weight gain by 3.75%(1,334 versus 1,223 g/bird), FCR by 4.81%(1.524 versus 1.601), AME by 1.06 MJ(13.61 versus 12.55 MJ/kg), ME:GE ratio(ME:GE) by 4.81%(0.806 versus0.769) and AMEn by 1.03 MJ(12.38 versus 11.35 MJ/kg). The inferiority of sorghum #5 appeared to be associated with higher concentrations of kafirin(61.5 versus 50.7 g/kg) and conjugated phenolic acids,including ferulic acid(31.1 versus 25.6 mg/g). There were no significant differences in jejunal and ileal starch and protein(N) d

关键词： Broiler chickens Ferulic acid Kafirin Protein Sorghum Starch

Fine mapping and characterization of stripe rust resistance gene YrAYH in near-isogenic lines derived from a cross involving wheat landrace Anyuehong

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The Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 826-835页

作者： Li Long Jue Li Linyu Huang Huiling Jin Fangnian Guan Haipeng Zhang Sasa Zhao Hao Li Zhien Pu Wei Li Qiantao Jiang Yuming Wei Jian Ma Houyang Kang Shoufen Dai Pengfei Qi Qiang Xu Mei Deng Youliang Zheng Yunfeng Jiang Matthew James Moscou Guoyue Chen State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina Triticeae Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina College of Resources Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina The Sainsbury Laboratory Norwich Research ParkNorwich NR47UHEnglandUK United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Cereal Disease LaboratorySt.PaulMN 55108USA

Stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis ***(Pst),is a devastating disease in wheat *** and characterizing new resistance genes/QTL is crucial for wheat breeding *** this study,we fine-mapped and characterized a stripe rust resistance gene,YRAYH,on chromosome arm 5BL in the Chinese wheat landrace Anyuehong(AYH).Evaluations of stripe rust response to prevalent Chinese Pst races in near-isogenic lines derived from a cross of Anyuehong and Taichung 29 showed that YrAYH conferred a high level of resistance at all growth *** mapping using a large segregating population of 9748 plants,narrowed the YRAYH locus to a 3.7 Mb interval on chromosome arm 5BL that included 61 annotated *** analysis of two NIL pairs identified 64 upregulated differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in the resistant NILs(NILs-R).Annotations indicated that many of these genes have roles in plant disease resistance *** a combined approach of fine-mapping and transcriptome sequencing,we identified a serine/threonine-protein kinase SRPK as a candidate gene underlying YrAYH.A unique 25 bp insertion was identified in the NILs-R compared to the NILs-S and previously published wheat *** InDel marker was developed and co-segregated with *** trait evaluation of the NILs suggested that YrAYH not only reduces the impact of stripe rust but was also associated with a gene that increases plant height and spike length.

关键词： Candidate gene analysis Crop protection Puccinia striiformis Transcriptome analyses

Testing gridded NWS 1-day observed precipitation analysis in a daily irrigation scheduler

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第12期4卷 621-627页

作者： Gretchen F. Sassenrath J. M. Schneider A. M. Schmidt J. Q. Corbitt J. M. Halloran R. Prabhu Biological Systems Engineering University of Nebraska Lincoln USA Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Mississippi State University Mississippi USA Southeast Agricultural Research Center Kansas State University Parsons USA usda Agricultural Research Service Crop Production Systems Research Unit Stoneville USA usda Agricultural Research Service Grazinglands Research Laboratory El Reno USA usda Agricultural Research Service New England Plant Soil and Water Research Laboratory University of Maine Orono USA

One of the inputs required by daily decision support tools for scheduling irrigation is the amount of water supplied by rainfall. In-field measurements of daily precipitation are expensive or laborious, while measurements from gauges within a few kilometers are frequently not representative due to the high spatiotemporal variability of precipitation. Online radarbased precipitation analyses from NOAA’s National Weather Service (NWS) have obvious potential to provide the needed data, but are known to have varying degrees of accuracy with location and conditions. The NWS precipitation analysis is computed on a 4 km × 4 km grid, so differences should also be expected between the product and individual gauge measurements under each grid cell. In order to test the utility of the NWS precipitation analysis in a daily irrigation scheduler, daily data were gathered in July 2012 from 18 weather stations under 2 NWS precapitation analysis grid cells across instru-mented research and production fields in the Mississippi Delta. Differences between individual station measurements and the NWS precipitation analysis are examined, and root-zone daily soil water deficits computed using both station data and the NWS precipitation analysis. Sub-grid spatial variability between gauge locations, and differences in precipitation between gauges and the gridded NWS analysis, are found to be similar to those reported elsewhere. Differences between time series of soil water deficit computed using the two different precipitation data sources are noted, but prove to be of limited impact on the decision to irrigate or not to irrigate. It is also noted that profile-filling rainfalls limit the impact of accumulating error, resetting the modeled soil water to “full”. Given the Delta-local practice of irrigating to replace full evapotranspirational water used, use of the NWS daily precipitation analysis data as input for a daily irrigation scheduler is judged not only acceptable, but also preferabl

关键词： Irrigation Daily Precipitation Scheduler Gridded Radar

Differential responses of three coastal grassland species to seawater flooding

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Journal of plant Ecology 2017年第2期10卷 322-330页

作者： Mick E.Hanley Tom L.Gove Gregory R.Cawthray Timothy D.Colmer School of Biological Sciences Plymouth UniversityDrake CircusPlymouth PL48AAEngland School of plant Biology The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawley6009 WAAustralia

Aims Supratidal plant communities fulfil a vital role in coastal protec-tion,but despite an increased likelihood of seawater flooding resulting from anthropogenic climate change,we understand little about how tidal inundation affects these habitats or interactions between their component *** aim was to determine how three common coastal grassland species responded to simulated seawater flooding and how subsequent changes to their ecophysi-ology,growth and survival might affect plant-plant interactions in mixed *** Seeds of three widely distributed European coastal grassland species(Leontodon autumnalis Asteraceae,plantago lanceo-lata plantaginaceae and Trifolium pratense Fabaceae)were collected from a coastal grassland site in South West *** Experiment 1,we quantified changes in leaf ion(K^(+),Na^(+),Cl^(−))concentrations as a response to short-duration(0,2,8 or 24 h)immersion in seawater of the root-zone before monitoring longer-term effects on plant survival and *** a second experiment,we examined community-level responses by subjecting mixed assemblages of all three species to seawater immersion for(0,12,24 or 96 h).Important Findings When grown individually,one species(Trifolium)had markedly reduced survival with increasing soil immersion time,but a con-sistent decline in plant growth for all species with flooding dura-tion was most likely linked to osmotic and ionic stresses caused by salt ion *** mixed assemblages,all species suffered increased mortality and reduced growth following seawater flood-ing,although the relative contribution of one species(Leontodon)to total biomass increased in flooded *** thus demon-strate a number of species-specific responses to simulated seawater flooding and show that when grown together,interactions between plants are altered as a *** argue that variation in the responses of component plant species will dictate how coastal plant communities respond to,and r

关键词： climate change salinity sea-level rise soil waterlogging storm surge microcosm

Engineering Nannochloropsis oceanica for the production of diterpenoid compounds

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mLife 2023年第4期2卷 428-437页

作者： Zhi-Yan Du Wajid W.Bhat Eric Poliner Sean Johnson Conor Bertucci Eva Farre Bjoern Hamberger Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA Department of plant Biology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA new england Biolabs Inc. 240 County Roadlpswich01938 MAUSA

Photosynthetic microalgae like Nannochloropsis hold enormous potential as sustainable,light-driven biofactories for the production of high-value natural products such as *** oceanica is distinguished as a particularly robust host with extensive genomic and transgenic resources *** capacity to grow in wastewater,brackish,and sea waters,coupled with advances in microalgal metabolic engineering,genome editing,and synthetic biology,provides an excellent *** the present work,we demonstrate how *** can be engineered to produce the diterpene casbene—an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of pharmacologically relevant macrocyclic *** accumulated after stably expressing and targeting the casbene synthase from Daphne genkwa(DgTPS1)to the algal *** engineered strains yielded production titers of up to 0.12 mg g^(−1) total dry cell weight(DCW)*** overexpression and chloroplast targeting of two upstream rate-limiting enzymes in the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway,Coleus forskohlii 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase genes,further enhanced the yield of casbene to a titer up to 1.80 mg g^(−1) *** results presented here form a basis for further development and production of complex plant diterpenoids in microalgae.

关键词： casbene microalgae plastid targeting synthetic biology terpene synthase

Inertinite in coal and its geoenvironmental significance:Insights from AI and big data analysis

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1779-1801页

作者： Longyi SHAO Jiamin ZHOU Timothy PJONES Fanghui HUA Xiaotao XU Zhiming YAN Haihai HOU Dongdong WANG Jing LU State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources and College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering China University of Miningand Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Cardiff UniversityCardiff CF103YEWalesEngland General Prospecting Institute of China National Administration of Coal Geology Beijing 100039China Institute of Architectural Engineering Weifang UniversityWeifang 261061China College of Mining Liaoning Technical UniversityFuxin 123000China College of Earth Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China

Inertinite,as an important and abundant maceral group in coal,is critical for the study of palaeowildfires and their roles in the Earth’s ***,there has been a significant amount of research on the relationship between palaeowildfire,palaeoclimate change and palaeovegetation evolution based on inertinite *** reflectance of fusinite and semifusinite has been used to estimate the combustion temperature and type of palaeowildfires,and then to evaluate the combustion characteristics of different types of *** relative abundance of inertinite can be used to estimate the atmospheric oxygen *** rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)and online tools to search scientific databases has presented an opportunity for us to find,collect,arrange,and analyse data from the earliest to latest publications on *** data extraction tool Deep Shovel is used to collect and analyse global inertinite data from the Silurian to the *** software programs such as Gplates,ArcGIS pro and Tableau are then applied to model the relative abundance of inertinite over geological time,which can be correlated with other parameters such as atmospheric oxygen contents,plant evolution and palaeoclimate *** distribution of inertinite in coals varied over different geological periods,being typified by the“high inertinite content-high atmospheric oxygen level”period in the Permian and the“low inertinite content-low atmospheric oxygen level”period in the *** study has proposed a possible model of the positive and negative feedbacks between inertinite characteristics and palaeoenvironmental factors,and has revealed the exceptional role of inertinite in palaeoenvironmental *** research on inertinite will be focused on the integrated study of organic petrology and organic geochemistry of inertinite,the big data-driven research on the temporal and spatial distribution of the global inertinite,the exploration of the

关键词： Inertinite Palaeowildfires Atmospheric oxygen Palaeoclimates Palaeoecosystems

Potential of a mixture of eugenol and garlic tincture to improve performance and intestinal health in broilers under necrotic enteritis challenge

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 26-37页

作者： Alip Kumar Nishchal K.Sharma Sarbast K.Kheravii Chake Keerqin Catherine Ionescu Alexandra Blanchard Shu-Biao Wu School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia ADMi Pancosma SA A-One Business CenterLa piece 3CH-1180RolleSwitzerland

plant extracts(PE)are gaining increased attention as potential alternatives to in-feed antimicrobials(AM)due to their known antimicrobial *** study was conducted to examine the potential of PE,a microencapsulated product composed of eugenol and garlic tincture as an alternative to AM-agent on performance and intestinal health in broilers under necrotic enteritis(NE)challenge.A total of 960 dayold mixed-sex Cobb 500 chicks were randomly distributed to 48-floor pens with 6 treatments replicated 8 times with 20 birds *** 6 treatments were as follows:UC,unchallenged control;CC,challenged control;PE,challenged group plus PE;AM,challenged group plus AM;FAP,challenged group plus a full dose of AM with PE;HAP,challenged group plus a half dose of AM with PE in starter,grower and finisher *** in the challenged groups were inoculated with Eimeria *** d 9 and Clostridium perfringens on d *** body weight gain(BWG),feed intake(FI),feed conversion ratio(FCR),and livability of birds were compromised,and intestinal lesions and mortality were increased(P<0.05)by NE challenge,illustrating a successful clinical NE *** fed AM had higher BWG and FI,and lower FCR,mortality,and intestinal lesions compared to the CC group(P<0.05).Birds fed PE had improved FCR(P<0.05)and livability(5.8%)in an overall period compared to the CC *** d 16,PE supplementation reduced ileal lesion scores in only male birds(P<0.05).Birds fed PE had decreased Eimeria maxima and Eimeria acervulina oocyst counts in caecal content(P<0.05).Birds fed PE had decreased Eimeria brunetti and total oocyst counts in caecal content,and *** oocyst counts in ileal content in only female birds(P<0.05).On d 35,PE supplementation reduced variation of BW in both male and female birds and increased yellowness(b*value,14.4%)in the *** findings suggest the potential of PE supplementation in diets to improve the performance and intestinal health of birds under clinical NE a

关键词： plant extract Performance Alternative to antimicrobials Clinical necrotic enteritis Broiler chicken