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Inundative field releases and evaluation of three predators for Bemisia tabaci （Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae） management in three vegetable crops

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Insect Science 2011年第2期18卷 195-202页

作者： Alvin M. Simmons Shaaban Abd-Rabou usda ARS U.S. Vegetable Laboratory Charleston South Carolina ARC PPRI Dokki Giza Egypt

The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius）（Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae）, is a global pest on numerous crops, including vegetables. Weekly inundative releases of a coccinellid predator （Coccinella undecimpunctata L. [Coleoptera： Coccinellidae]）, a common green lacewing predator （Chrysoperla carnea Stephen [Neuroptera： Chrysopidae]）, and a mirid predator （Macrolophus caliginosus [Wagner] [Hemiptera： Miridae]） were independently made in three vegetable crops （cabbage [Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.], cucumber [Cucumis sativus L.], and squash [Cucurbita pepo L.]） for the management of the sweetpotato whitefly. Approximately 1 million to 2.5 million larvae or nymphs of each predator were released in the vegetable crops during 20 weeks. Whitefly populations were reduced by ≈ 25%-45% during most of the season in each crop where each predator was released. The effect of each predator was similar on whitefly population reduction. Late in the season （October） when whitefly populations were low, generally no benefit was obtained from releasing the predators. Numbers of predators recovered during sampling in all crops were greatest for C. carnea, but this corresponded with the fact that more individuals of this predator were released than any other predator in the experiment. These results help define the utility of these natural enemies for managing B. tabaci in vegetable crops.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci Chrysoperla carnea Coccinella undecimpunctata Macrolophus caliginosus inundative release sweetpotato whitefly

Effect of Long-Term Soil Management on the Mutual Interaction Among Soil Organic Matter, Microbial Activity and Aggregate Stability in a Vineyard

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Pedosphere 2018年第2期28卷 288-298页

作者： Sergio A.BELMONTE Luisella CELI Ruby J.STAHEL Eleonora BONIFACIO Vittorino NOVELLO Ermanno ZANINI Kerri L.STEENWERTH Department of Agricultural Forest and Food Sciences Turin University usda-ars Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit

Vineyard management practices to enhance soil conservation principally focus on increasing carbon(C)input,whereas mitigating impacts of disturbance through reduced tillage has been rarely ***,information is lacking on the effects of soil management practices adopted in the under-vine zone on soil *** this work,we evaluated the long-term effects(22 years)of alley with a sown cover crop and no-tillage(S+NT),alley with a sown cover crop and tillage(S+T),and under-vine zone with no vegetation and tillage(UV)on soil organic matter(SOM),microbial activity,aggregate stability,and their mutual interactions in a California vineyard in *** biomass,microbial biomass and activity,organic C and nitrogen(N)pools,and SOM size fractionation and aggregate stability were *** characteristics only partially reflected the differences in vegetation biomass *** C and N pools and microbial biomass/activity in S+NT were higher than those in S+T,while the values in UV were intermediate between the other two ***,S+NT also exhibited higher particulate organic matter C in *** differences were found in POM C between S+T and UV,but the POM fraction in S+T was characterized by fresher *** stability was decreased in the order:S+NT>UV>S+***,even if shallow and performed infrequently,had a negative effect on organic C and N pools and aggregate ***,the combination of a sown cover crop and reduced tillage still limited SOM accumulation and reduced aggregate stability in the surface soil layer of vineyards,suggesting relatively lower resistance of soils to erosion compared to no-till systems.

关键词： loamy Ultisol microbial biomass permanent grass soil organic matter fractionation soil respiration tillage vegetationbiomass

Mineral concentrations of chickpea and lentil cultivars and breeding lines grown in the *** Northwest

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The Crop Journal 2018年第3期6卷 253-262页

作者： George J.VANDemark Michael A.Grusak Rebecca J.Mc Gee usda-ars Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit usda-ars Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center

Diseases and health complications caused by mineral deficiencies afflict billions of people globally. Developing pulse crops with elevated seed mineral concentrations can contribute to reducing the incidence of these deficiencies. The objectives of this study were to estimate variance components conditioning seed mineral concentrations of chickpea and lentil grown in Washington and Idaho, determine correlations between different mineral concentrations and between mineral concentrations and yield, 100-seed weight, and days to flowering, and compare seed mineral concentrations between chickpeas and lentils grown in adjacent plots. Genotype effects, although significant in chickpea and lentil for all minerals except selenium, tended to be minimal compared to location, year, and their interaction effects. In both chickpeas and lentils high positive correlations were observed between seed concentrations of phosphorus and potassium, phosphorus and zinc, and potassium and zinc. Correlations between mineral concentration and yield, and mineral concentration and days to 50% flowering were similar for chickpeas and lentils across the majority of minerals. These results may reflect similarities between the two crops in physiological processes for mineral uptake and partitioning. Lentils had higher concentrations of iron and zinc than chickpea when the two crops were grown in adjacent plots,whereas chickpeas had higher concentrations of calcium and manganese. Plant genotypes that are more efficient at obtaining minerals from growing environments will be useful as parental materials to develop improved chickpea and lentil cultivars that have good yield potential coupled with high seed mineral concentrations.

关键词： Chickpea Lentil Mineral Nutrition Pulse

A Truncated F-Box Protein Confers the Dwarfism in Cucumber

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2016年第4期43卷 223-226页

作者： Tao Lin Shenhao Wang Yang Zhong Dongli Gao Qingzhi Cui Huiming Chen Zhonghua Zhang Huolin Shen Yiqun Weng Sanwen Huang Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of horticultural crops of the Ministry of Agriculture Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural GenomicsInstitute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Department of Horticulture China Agricultural University Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hunan Vegetable research Institute Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences usda-ars Vegetable Crops Research UnitDepartment of HorticultureUniversity of Wisconsin

Dwarfism is an important plant architecture trait in crop breeding（Peng et al.,1999;Sasaki el al.,2002）.In *** compact plant type was proposed to develop new varieties for the once-over mechanical harvest for concen... 详细信息

关键词： gene SNPs A Truncated F-Box Protein Confers the Dwarfism in Cucumber length

Genome editing opens a new era of genetic improvement in polyploid crops

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The Crop Journal 2019年第2期7卷 141-150页

作者： Qamar U.Zaman Chao Li Hongtao Cheng Qiong Hu Oil crops research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Sequence-specific nucleases(SSN) that generate double-stranded DNA breaks(DSBs) in genes of interest are the key to site-specific genome editing in plants. Genome editing has developed into one method of reducing undesirable traits in crops by the induction of knockout mutations. Different SSN-mediated genome-editing systems, including LAGLIDADG homing endonucleases or meganucleases, zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, are emerging as robust tools for introducing functional mutations in polyploid crops including citrus, wheat, cotton, soybean, rapeseed, potato, grapes, Camelina sativa,dandelion, and tobacco. The approach utilizes knowledge of biological mechanisms for targeted induction of DSBs and their error-prone repair, allowing highly specific changes at designated genome loci. In this review, we briefly describe genome-editing technologies and their application to genetic improvement of polyploid crops.

关键词： Genome editing CRISPR Site-specific mutagenesis Polyploid Crop improvement

Cover crops,crop rotation,and gypsum,as conservation practices,impact Mehlich-3 extractable plant nutrients and trace metals

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International Soil and Water Conservation research 2024年第3期12卷 650-662页

作者： Javier M.Gonzalez Warren A.Dick Khandakar R.Islam Dexter B.Watts Norman R.Fausey Dennis C.Flanagan Marvin T.Batte Tara T.VanToai Randall C.Reeder Vinayak S.Shedekar National Soil Erosion research laboratory USDA-ARSWest LafayetteIN 47904USA School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State UnivWoosterOH 44691USA CFAES-South Centers SoilWater&Bioenergy Resources ProgramThe Ohio State Univ.PiketonOH 45661USA National Soil Dynamics laboratory USDA-ARSAuburnAL 36832USA Soil Drainage research Unit USDA-ARSColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Agricultural Environmental and Development EconomicsThe Ohio State UnivColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Food Agricultural and Biological EngineeringThe Ohio State Univ.ColumbusOHUSA

Conservation practices are encouraged to improve soil health and sustain agronomic crop ***-3 is often used as a multi-nutrient extractant to determine soil fertility status.A study inves-tigated the impacts of the conservation practices of gypsum,cover crops,and crop rotation on 28 Mehlich-3 extractable elements,of which 11 were considered plant nutrients,from soil at three mid-western US *** was collected from 0 to 15 and 15-30 cm depths 5 years after implementing the conservation *** consisted of(1)with and without cereal rye(Secale cereale L.)winter cover,(2)continuous soybean[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]***-corn(Zea mays L.)rotation,and(3)annual gypsum application(0,1.1,and 2.2 Mg ha-1).Differences were observed by site,depth,and conservation practice depending on the element *** interactive effects were observed among *** most consistent effect was observed for crop rotation across *** only affected the site with the greatest clay content,where more Ca and S were retained,and Mg and Mn *** crop only affected elements at this high clay site,where different elements were positively or negatively *** suggest that not one practice fits all,and optimum conservation practices must be tailored for the site.

关键词： Gypsum Cover crops Crop rotation Mehlich-3 Plant nutrients Trace metals

An update on the arsenal:mining resistance genes for disease management of Brassica crops in the genomic era

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Horticulture research 2020年第1期7卷 2357-2374页

作者： Honghao Lv Zhiyuan Fang Limei Yang Yangyong Zhang Yong Wang Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural CropsMinistry of Agriculture12#Zhongguancun South StreetBeijing 100081China

Brassica species include many economically important crops that provide nutrition and health-promoting substances to humans ***,as with all crops,their production is constantly threatened by emerging viral,bacterial,and fungal diseases,whose incidence has increased in recent *** methods of control are often costly,present limited effectiveness,and cause environmental damage;instead,the ideal approach is to mine and utilize the resistance genes of the Brassica crop hosts ***,the development of genomics,molecular genetics,and biological techniques enables us to rapidly discover and apply resistance(R)***,the R genes identified in Brassica crops are summarized,including their mapping and cloning,possible molecular mechanisms,and application in resistance *** perspectives concerning how to accurately discover additional R gene resources and efficiently utilize these genes in the genomic era are also discussed.

关键词： crops resistance utilize

Varietal identification of tea(Camellia sinensis)using nanofluidic array of single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers

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Horticulture research 2014年第1期1卷 142-149页

作者： Wan-Ping Fang Lyndel W Meinhardt Hua-Wei Tan Lin Zhou Sue Mischke Dapeng Zhang College of Horticulture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Sustainable Perennial crops laboratory USDA-ARSBeltsville Agricultural Research CenterBeltsvilleMD 20705USA

Apart from water,tea is the world’s most widely consumed *** is produced in more than 50 countries with an annual production of approximately 4.7 million *** market segment for specialty tea has been expanding rapidly owing to increased demand,resulting in higher revenues and profits for tea growers and the *** varietal identification is critically important to ensure traceability and authentication of premium tea products,which in turn contribute to on-farm conservation of tea genetic *** a set of single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers developed from the expressed sequence tag(EST)database of Camilla senensis,we genotyped deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)samples extracted from a diverse group of tea varieties,including both fresh and processed commercial loose-leaf *** validation led to the designation of 60 SNPs that unambiguously identified all 40 tested tea varieties with high statistical rigor(pars were further characterized by ordination and Bayesian clustering *** SNP markers,in combination with a high-throughput genotyping protocol,effectively established and verified specific DNA fingerprints for all tested tea *** method provides a powerful tool for variety authentication and quality control for the tea *** is also highly useful for the management of tea genetic resources and breeding,where accurate and efficient genotype identification is essential.

关键词： revenue breeding expanding

Identification and functional verification of Y-chromosome-specific gene typo-gyf in Bactrocera dorsalis

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1270-1284页

作者： Peipei Liu Shuning Yu Wenping Zheng Qiuyuan Zhang Jiao Qiao Ziniu Li Zhurong Deng Hongyu Zhang National Key laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable horticultural crops Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryChina-Australia Joint Research Centre for Horticultural and Urban PestsInstitute of Urban and Horticultural EntomologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina

Genes on the Y chromosome play important roles in male sex determination and *** identification of Y-chromosome-specific genes not only provides a theoretical basis for the study of male reproductive development,but also offers genetic control targets for agricultural ***,Y-chromosome genes are rarely characterized due to their high repeatability and high heterochromatinization,especially in the oriental fruit *** this study,1011 Y-chromosome-specific candidate sequences were screened from 2 to 4 h Bactrocera dorsalis embryo datasets with the chromosome quotient method,6 of which were identified as Y-chromosome-specific sequences by polymerase chain reaction,including typo-gyf,a 19126-bp DNA sequence containing a 575-amino acid open reading *** deformation and a significant reduction in sperm number were observed after typo-gyf knockdown with RNA interference in *** typo-gyf knockout with clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 in the embryonic stage,the sex ratio of the emergent adults was unbalanced,with far more females than males.A genotype analysis of these females with the Y-chromosome gene MoY revealed no sex ***-gyf knockout led to the death of XY individuals in the embryonic *** conclude that typo-gyf is an essential gene for male survival,and is also involved in testicular development and *** identification of typo-gyf and its functional verification provide insight into the roles of Y-chromosome genes in male development.

关键词： Bactrocera dorsalis spermatogenesis testis typo-gyf gene Y-specific gene