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The smallest in the deepest: the enigmatic role of viruses in the deep biosphere

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National science Review 2023年第4期10卷 191-202页

作者： Lanlan Cai Markus G.Weinbauer Le Xie Rui Zhang state Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental science College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University Department of Ocean science The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology sorbonne universités UPMC Université Paris 06 CNRS Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV) Institute for Advanced study Shenzhen University

It is commonly recognized that viruses control the composition, metabolism, and evolutionary trajectories of prokaryotic communities, with resulting vital feedback on ecosystem functioning and nutrient cycling in a wide range of ecosystems. Although the deep biosphere has been estimated to be the largest reservoir for viruses and their prokaryotic hosts, the biology and ecology of viruses therein remain poorly understood.The deep virosphere is an enigmatic field of study in which many critical questions are still to be answered.Is the deep virosphere simply a repository for deeply preserved, non-functioning virus particles? Or are deep viruses infectious agents that can readily infect suitable hosts and subsequently shape microbial populations and nutrient cycling? Can the cellular content released by viral lysis, and even the organic structures of virions themselves, serve as the source of bioavailable nutrients for microbial activity in the deep biosphere as in other ecosystems? In this review, we synthesize our current knowledge of viruses in the deep biosphere and seek to identify topics with the potential for substantial discoveries in the future.

关键词： virus deep biosphere population size diversity activity ecological role

A facial reconstruction method based on new mesh deformation techniques

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Forensic sciences Research 2018年第3期3卷 256-272页

作者： Maya de Buhan Chiara Nardoni Centre national de la recherche scientifique Unitémixte de recherche 8145Laboratoire de Mathematiques Appliquées de Paris DescartesUniversitéParis DescartesSorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance sorbonne universités UPMC Univ Paris 06Institut des Sciences du Calcul et des DonnéesParisFrance

This article presents a new numerical method for facial reconstruction.The problem is the following:given a dry skull,reconstruct a virtual face that would help in the identification of the subject.The approach combines classical features as the use of a skulls/faces database and more original aspects:(1)an original shape matching method is used to link the unknown skull to the database templates;(2)the final face is seen as an elastic 3D mask that is deformed and adapted onto the unknown skull.In this method,the skull is considered as a whole surface and not restricted to some anatomical landmarks,allowing a dense description of the skull/face relationship.Also,the approach is fully automated.Various results are presented to show its efficiency.

关键词： Forensic science facial reconstruction shape matching elasticity soft tissue deformation finite elements

Optimising repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for neural circuit repair following traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第3期10卷 357-359页

作者： Jennifer Rodger Rachel M.sherrard Experimental and Regenerative Neuroscience School of Animal Biologythe University of Western Australia sorbonne universités UPMC Univ Paris 06 & CNRSInstitut de Biologie Paris Seine-B2AUMR 8256 Biological Adaptation and AgeingParis France

While it is well-known that neuronal activity promotes plasticity and connectivity, the success of activity-based neural rehabilitation programs remains extremely limited in human clinical experience because they cannot adequately control neuronal excitability and activity within the injured brain in order to induce repair. However, it is possible to non-invasively modulate brain plasticity using brain stimu- lation techniques such as repetitive transcranial （rTMs） and transcranial direct current stimulation （tDCs） techniques, which show promise for repairing injured neural circuits （Henrich-Noack et al., 2013; Lefaucher et al., 2014）. Yet we are far from having full control of these techniques to repair the brain following neurotrauma and need more fundamen- tal research （Ellaway et al., 2014; Lefaucher et al., 2014）. In this perspective we discuss the mechanisms by which rTMs may facilitate neurorehabilitation and propose experimental techniques with which magnetic stimulation may be investi- gated in order to optimise its treatment potential.

关键词： TMs Optimising repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for neural circuit repair following traumatic brain injury

The PDZ-Containing Unconventional Myosin XVIIIA Regulates Embryonic Muscle Integrity in Zebrafish

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2014年第8期41卷 417-428页

作者： Jianmeng Cao shangqi Li Ming shao Xiaoning Cheng Zhigang Xu Deli shi school of Life sciences Shandong University sorbonne universite's UPMC Univ Paris 06UMR 7622Laboratory of Developmental BiologyF-75005 ParisFrance CNRs UMR 7622Laboratory of Developmental BiologyF-75005 ParisFrance

Myosin XVIIIA, or MYO18A, is a unique PDZ domain-containing unconventional myosin and is evolutionarily conserved from Drosophila to vertebrates. Although there is evidence indicating its expression in the somites, whether it regulates muscle function re- mains unclear. We show that the two zebrafish myo18a genes （myo18aa and myo18ab） are predominantly expressed at somite borders during early developmental stages. Knockdown of these genes or overexpression of the MYO18A PDZ domain disrupts myofiber integrity, induces myofiber lesions, and compromises the localization of dystrophin, ^-dystroglycan （^-DG） and laminin at the myotome boundaries. Cell transplantation experiments indicate that myo18a morphant myoblasts fail to form elongated myofibers in the myotomes of wild-type embryos, which can be rescued by the full-length MYO18A protein. These results suggest that MYO18A likely functions in the adhesion process that maintains the stable attachment of myofibers to ECM （extracellular matrix） and muscle integrity during early development.

关键词： Myosin XVIIIA MYO18A Unconventional myosin Myofiber Muscle Dystrophin Dystroglycan Zebrafish

海洋裂解性和溶原性病毒-宿主相互作用:杀死“胜利者”和借助“胜利者”

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science Bulletin 2021年第9期66卷 871-874,M0003页

作者：陈晓炜 Markus G.Weinbauer 焦念志张锐 state Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental science College of Ocean and Earth SciencesFujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon SequestrationXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China sorbonne universités UPMCUniversitéParis 06CNRSLaboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche(LOV)Villefranche-sur-Mer 06230France

since the reports three decades ago revealed that viruses are surprisingly abundant and efficiently infective in the ocean,marine viruses have generated a great attention and excitement[1].With estimate of 1.5?1030 particles,viruses are the most abundant biological entities in the ocean and are considered as the key components in the marine environment[1,2].

关键词： abundant ocean marine

Analysis of a system Describing Proliferative-Quiescent Cell Dynamics

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,series B 2018年第2期39卷 345-356页

作者： Jean CLAIRAMBAULT Benoit PERTHAME Andrada Quillas MARAN Inria de paris Team MambaF75005 Paris France sorbonne univ. UPMC Univ. Paris 06 Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions UMR CNRS 7598 Univ. Paris-DiderotF75005 paris France

systems describing the dynamics of proliferative and quiescent cells are commonly used as computational models, for instance for tumor growth and hematopoiesis.Focusing on the very earliest stages of hematopoiesis, stem cells and early progenitors, the authors introduce a new method, based on an energy/Lyapunov functional to analyze the long time behavior of solutions. Compared to existing works, the method in this paper has the advantage that it can be extended to more complex situations. The authors treat a system with space variable and diffusion, and then adapt the energy functional to models with three equations.

关键词：动力学系统房间静止计算模型长时间行为肿瘤生长干细胞

Expression and modulation of neuroligin and neurexin in the olfactory organ of the cotton leaf worm spodoptera fittoralis

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Insect science 2017年第2期24卷 210-221页

作者： Nicolas Durand Thomas Chertemps Francoise Bozzolan Martine Maibeche sorbonne universites upmc - univ paris 06 Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de 'Environnement de Paris INRA CNRS IRD UPECD6partement d'Ecologie Sensorielle F-75252 Paris France

Carboxylesterases are enzymes widely distributed within living organisms. In insects, they have been mainly involved in dietary metabolism and detoxification function. Interestingly, several members of this family called carboxylesterase-like ad- hesion molecules （CLAMs） have lost their catalytic properties and are mainly involved in neuro/developmental functions. CLAMs include gliotactins, neurotactins, glutactins, and neuroligins. The latter have for binding partner the neurexin. In insects, the function of these proteins has been mainly studied in Drosophila central nervous system or neuro- muscular junction. some studies suggested a role of neuroligins and neurexin in sensory processing but CLAM expression within sensory systems has not been investigated. Here, we reported the identification of 5 putative CLAMs expressed in the olfactory system of the model pest insect spodoptera littoralis. One neuroligin, slnlg4-yll and its putative binding partner neurexin slnrxl were the most expressed in the antennae and were surprisingly associated with olfactory sensilla. In addition, both transcripts were upregulated in male antennae after mating, known to modulate the sensitivity of the peripheral olfactory system in s. littoralis, suggesting that these molecules could be involved in sensory plasticity.

关键词： carboxylesterase-like adhesion molecules insect neurexin neuroligins olfaction

Increasing the effectiveness of intracerebral injections in adult and neonatal mice: a neurosurgical point of view

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2015年第6期31卷 685-696页

作者： Bertrand Mathon Mérie Nassar Jean simonnet Caroline Le Duigou stéphane Clemenceau Richard Miles Desdemona Fricker Department of Neurosurgery Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire de La Pitié-SalpêtrièreAPHPF-75013ParisFrance Inserm U 1127F-75013ParisFrance CNRs UMR 7225F-75013ParisFrance sorbonne universités UPMC Univ Paris 06UMR S 1127F-75013ParisFrance Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière ICMF-75013ParisFrance

Intracerebral injections of tracers or viral constructs in rodents are now commonly used in the neurosciences and must be executed perfectly. The purpose of this article is to update existing protocols for intracerebral injections in adult and neonatal mice. Our procedure for stereotaxic injections in adult mice allows the investigator to improve the effectiveness and safety, and save time. Furthermore, for the first time, we describe a two-handed procedure for intracerebral injections in neonatal mice that can be performed by a single operator in a very short time. Our technique using the stereotaxic arm allows a higher precision than freehand techniques previously described. stereotaxic injections in adult mice can be performed in 20 min and have 〉90% efficacy in targeting the injection site. Injections in neonatal mice can be performed in 5 min. Efficacy depends on the difficulty of precisely localizing the injection sites, due to the small size of the animal. We describe an innovative, effortless, and reproducible surgical protocol for intracerebral injections in adult and neonatal mice.

关键词： rodents surgery neurosciencesstereotaxic injection newborn mice neonatal brain

Overlooked contribution of the biological pump to the Pacific Arctic nitrogen deficit

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science China Earth sciences 2022年第8期65卷 1477-1489页

作者： Hongliang LI Jianfang CHEN Diana RUIZ-PINO Jingjing ZHANG Haiyan JIN Yanpei ZHUANG Youcheng BAI Jian REN Yangjie LI Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou310012China state Key Laboratory of satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Hangzhou310012China sorbonne universités(upmc UniversitéParis 06)-CNRS-IRD-MNHNLOCEAN Laboratory4 Place JussieuParisF-75005France southern Marine science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai519080China Polar and Marine Research Institute Jimei UniversityXiamen361021China

The nutrient-rich Pacific Ocean seawater that flows through the Bering strait into the Chukchi sea is generally considered to be the most important source of nutrients to the Arctic euphotic zone.The inflow is characterized by nitrogen deficit and low nitrate/phosphate(N/P)ratios;this is ascribed to sedimentary denitrification on the Chukchi shelf by preoccupant opinions.However,the Chukchi sea also has high primary production,which raises the question of whether the biological pump may also significantly modulate nutrient properties of the throughflow.Here,we show that nitrate concentrations of the Pacific inflow gradually decrease northward in association with notable biological utilization.The phytoplankton N/P uptake ratio was 8.8±2.27,higher than the N/P ratio of Pacific inflow water(5-6).This uptake ratio,in combination with efficient vertical nitrogen export,serves to preferentially remove nitrogen(relative to phosphorus)from upper waters,thereby further intensifying the Arctic nitrogen deficit.Accordingly,as large as about 111.7×10^(9)mol N yr^(−1)of nitrate was extra consumed,according to the real N/P uptake ratio rather than the ratio of the Pacific inflow,which may be as great as half the nitrogen loss ascribed to sedimentary denitrification.Our findings suggest that besides sedimentary denitrification,biological disproportionate utilization of nutrients in the Chukchi sea upper water is another important contributor to the nitrogen limitation and excess phosphorus in the upper Arctic Ocean.In the rapid Arctic change era,the predicted reinforced biological carbon pump could further impact the nutrient dynamics and biogeochemical process of the Arctic Ocean.

关键词： Nitrogen deficit Biological pump Nutrient sinking particles Arctic Ocean