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Ethnobotanical profiling of the medicinal flora of Kotli,Azad Jammu and Kashmir,Pakistan:Empirical reflections on multinomial logit specifications

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第5期10卷 478-488页

作者： Muhammad Shoaib Amjad Muhammad Arshad Abdul Saboor Sue Page Sunbal Khalil Chaudhari Department of Botany PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Department of Botany Women University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Department of Economics PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Department of Geography University of Leicester

Objective:To report the indigenous people's uses of plants from a multidimensional perspective in a remote area where strong ethnobotanical cultural practices prevail. Methods:An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in the field during 2014-2016. Ethnobotanical data were gathered from 182 informants through oral interviews and semi-structured questionnaires. The distribution of plants was explored using both descriptive and graphical methods. Further,a Multinomial Logit Specification was applied to find out the probability of the occurrence of diverse utilization of plants in multipurpose domains. Results:The study identified 202 plant species distributed among 71 families and 156 genera. Ethnobotanical data indicate that there are more medicinal(36.96%) uses of plants as compared to all other use categories. The output from the Multinomial Logit Specifications(MLS) model reveals that perennial and non-woody plants are exploited more for medicinal and food uses than annual and woody plants. In the context of ethnomedicinal uses,aerial plant parts particularly leaves are more extensively used for the preparation of herbal recipes as compared to underground parts. Conclusions:The results of the study emphasize the need to create awareness among the local communities about the conservation status of plant species in order to maintain a sustainable resource of plant-derived materials into the future. The novel econometric approach employed in this study adds a new insightful methodology to the existing body of literature in the field of ethnobotany. We strongly recommend conservation measures,alongside phytochemical and pharmacological studies on the useful plant species identified in this study in order to ensure their sustainable and effective utilization.

关键词： Ethnobotany Medicinal uses Multinomial logit Kotli Azad Kashmir Pakistan

Ethnobotanical inventory and medicinal uses of some important woody plant species of Kotli,Azad Kashmir,Pakistan

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014年第12期4卷 952-958页

作者： Muhammad Shoaib Amjad Muhammad Arshad Department of Botany PMAS-University of Arid Agriculture

Objective:To document ethnobotanical informations of useful woody plant species in the region of Kotli,Azad ***:An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in *** were collected by interview and semi structured questionnaire from selected local informants and traditional practitioners as well as by field ***:The present study documented the etnobotanical uses of 33 woody plant *** of the species have been used for dual *** 5 species are used for one *** revealed all species have medicinal value,among which 21 were used as fuel wood species,16 as fodder species,4 as timber wood species,12 as edible fruit species,6 as fence or hedge plant,7 as ornamental species and 12 species had other ***:Medicinal plants are still widely used for health care by locals of *** species of woodlands seem to be vulnerable to overcollection and *** the young generation is diverted toward allelopathic medicines,ethnobotanical knowledges of important medicinal plants are restricted to the old people *** is suggested to close the forest of district Kotli for next two to three decades for the conservation of plant biodiversity.

关键词： Ethnobotanical uses Kotli Hills Plant resources Human plant interaction Conservation

Formal Methods for Commercial Applications Issues vs. Solutions

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2014年第8期7卷 679-685页

作者： Saiqa Bibi Saira Mazhar Nasir Mehmood Minhas Irfan Ahmed uiit-pmas arid agriculture university Rawalpindi Pakistan

It was advocated that in 21st century, most of software will be developed with benefits of formal methods. The benefits include faults found in earlier stage of software development, automating, checking the certain properties and minimizing rework. In spite of their recognition in academic world and these claimed advantages, formal methods are still not widely used by commercial software industry. The purpose of this research is to promote formal methods for commercial software industry. In this paper we have identified issues in use of formal methods for commercial applications and devised strategies to overcome these difficulties which will provide motivations to use formal methods for commercial applications.

关键词： Formal Methods Commercial Applications Issues of Formal Methods

Integrating Formal Methods in XP—A Conceptual Solution

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2014年第4期7卷 299-310页

作者： Shagufta Shafiq Nasir Mehmood Minhas uiit-pmas arid agriculture university Rawalpindi Pakistan

Formal methods can be used at any stage of product development process to improve the software quality and efficiency using mathematical models for analysis and verification. From last decade, researchers and practitioners are trying to establish successful transfer of practices of formal methods into industrial process development. In the last couple of years, numerous analysis approaches and formal methods have been applied in different settings to improve software quality. In today’s highly competitive software development industry, companies are striving to deliver fast with low cost and improve quality solutions and agile methodologies have proved their efficiency in acquiring these. Here, we will present an integration of formal methods, specifications and verification practices in the most renowned process development methodology of agile i.e. extreme programming with a conceptual solution. That leads towards the development of a complete formalized XP process in future. This will help the practitioners to understand the effectiveness of formal methods using in agile methods that can be helpful in utilizing the benefits of formal methods in industry.

关键词： Formal Methods Specification Verification Agile Extreme Programming

Apatite Loss in Pothwar Loess Plain(Pakistan) Fits a Simple Linear Reservoir Model

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Pedosphere 2014年第6期24卷 763-775页

作者： M.S.AKHTAR M.IMRAN A.MEHMOOD M.MEMON S.RUKH G.S.KIANI Department of Soil Science and Soil Water Conservation PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Department of Soil Science Sindh Agriculture University

Apatite is the dominant phosphorus(P) mineral in early stages of soil development, and its redistribution as labile forms under pedogenesis controls terrestrial bioavailability. Quantitative distribution of labile forms of P and apatite-P was examined in Pothwar Loess Plain, Pakistan where the degree of pedogenesis varied with relief. Four soil types, Typic Ustorthents(Rajar), Typic Calciustepts(Missa), Udic Calciustepts(Basal), and Udic Haplustalfs(Guliana), were sampled from three replicated locations at genetic horizon level. With the exception of total P value at surface, the mean total and apatite-P decreased towards the surface in Udic Haplustalfs and Udic Calciustepts where dicalcium and octacalcium phosphate increased toward surface. Iron(oxides and oxyhydroxides) adsorbed and occluded P forms were also in greater quantities in Udic Haplustalfs and increased toward the surface, whereas they were lowest and uniform in the Typic Ustorthents. Aluminum- and organic P correlated with soil organic matter. Apatite-P decreased exponentially with an increase in the sum of iron adsorbed and occluded P fractions, and fitted the equation M(x)= M0 [1- exp(-wx)] with r2= 0.996, where M(x)is the mean apatite-P concentration in solum, M0 is the apatite-P content in the loess sediments, x is the cumulative iron adsorbed and occluded P, and w is an empirical factor indicating the change rate of apatite-P in the loess. From the calculated apatite-P of 740 mg kg-1at the time of deposition, mean apatite-P loss was 60% in Udic Haplustalfs, 33% in Udic Calciustepts, 23% in Typic Calciustepts, and 8% in Typic Ustorthents. The transformation of soil P to labile forms was faster and deeper in level or slight depressions followed by gently sloping areas in wide plains, and was the least in the gullied land.

关键词： labile forms pedogenic iron oxides phosphorus distribution phosphorus fractions toposequence

Estimation of soil carbon pools in the forests of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第6期31卷 2313-2321页

作者： Anwar Ali Muhammad Irfan Ashraf Saeed Gulzar Muhammad Akmal Bilal Ahmad Pakistan Forest Institute Peshawar 25130Pakistan Department of Forestry and Range Management PMAS Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi 46300Pakistan Institute of Soil Science PMAS Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi 46300Pakistan Institute of agriculture Sciences and Forestry University of SwatSwat 19130Pakistan

Forest soils have high carbon densities compared to other *** carbon sequestration is important to reduce CO 2 concentrations in the *** eff ective climate change mitigation strategy involves limiting the emissions of greenhouse gases from *** Pakhtunkhwa is the most forested province of Pakistan,hosting about one-third of the country’s 4.5×106 ha forest *** organic carbon in the province’s forests was estimated through a fi eld-based study carried out during 2014–17 covering the whole *** was collected from 373 sample plots laid out in diff erent forest types using a stratifi ed cluster sampling *** total quantity of soil organic carbon was estimated at 59.4×106 t with an average of 52.4±5.3 t/*** 69%of the total soil carbon is present in temperate *** broad-leaved and subtropical pine forests constitute 11.4%and 8.8%of the soil carbon stock ***,subalpine and oak forests have respective shares of 5.1%and 5.7%in the soil carbon *** lowest carbon stock(0.1%)was found in dry-tropical thorn *** highest soil carbon density was found in subalpine forests(69.5±7.2 t/ha)followed by moist temperate forests(68.5±6.7 t/ha)and dry temperate forests(60.7±6.5 t/ha).Oak forests have carbon density of 43.4±7.1 t/*** pine,subtropical broad-leaved and dry tropical thorn forests have soil carbon densities of 36.3±3.7,32.8±6.2 and 31.5±3.5 t/ha,*** forests of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province have substantial amounts of soil carbon which must be conserved for climate change mitigation and maintenance of sound forest health.

关键词： Soil carbon Carbon sequestration Climate change Carbon sink Forests Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Seed Priming Influence on Early Crop Growth, Phenological Development and Yield Performance of Linola (Linum usitatissimum L.)

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2014年第5期13卷 990-996页

作者： Hafeez ur Rehman Muhammad Qaiser Nawaz Shahzad Maqsood Ahmed Basra Irfan Afzal Azra Yasmeen Fayyaz ul-Hassan Seed Physiology Laboratory Department of Crop Physiology University of Agriculture Faisalabad Soil Salinity Research Institute Pindi Bhatian College of agriculture Bahuddin Zakriya University Department of Agronomy PMAS University of Arid Agriculture

Reduced early crop growth and limited branching are amongst yield limiting factors of linola. Field response of seed priming treatments viz. 50 mmol L^-1 salicylic acid （SA）, 2.2% CaCl2 and 3.3% moringa leaf extract （MLE） including untreated dry and hydropriming controls was evaluated on early crop growth and yield performance of linola. Osmopriming with CaCl2 reduced emergence time and produced the highest seedling fresh and dry weights including Chl. a contents. Osmopriming with CaCl2 reduced crop branching and flowering and maturity times and had the maximum plant height, number of branches, tillers, pods and seeds per pod followed by MLE. Increase in seed weight, biological and seed yields was 9.30, 34.16 and 39.49%, harvest index （4.12%） and oil contents （13.39%） for CaCl2 osmopriming. Positive relationship between emergence and seedling vigor traits, 100-seed weight, seed yield with maturity time, 100-seed weight and seed yield were found. The study concludes that seed osmopriming with CaC12 or MLE can play significant role to improve early crop growth and seed yields of linola.

关键词： linseed oil quality stand establishment CaCl2

In Vitro Synthetic Seed Production of Potato under Different Fungicide Levels and Storage Intervals

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第8期92卷 2429-2450页

作者： Tahira Kalsoom Touqeer Ahmed Muhammad Azam Khan Mirza Hasanuzzaman Mukhtar Ahmed Stefaan P.O.Werbrouck Department of Horticulture PMAS-Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi46300Pakistan Department of Agronomy Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural UniversityDhaka1207Bangladesh Department of Agronomy PMAS-Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi46300Pakistan Department of Plants and Crops Ghent UniversityGhent9000Belgium

Potato propagation through tubers and seed is an inefﬁcient way of propagation thus we propose an alternative method in this study which is in vitro *** were raised from True Potato Seeds(TPS)in test tubes containing 10 mL of Murashige Skoog(MS)*** was done after every 21 days and after four subsequent subculturing,when there was an adequate quantity of stock material,uninodal cuttings of about 3-4 mm in length were prepared from in vitro proliferated potato plants by excising leaves of 1-2 mm on each side of the *** uninodal cuttings were cultured on 1/2 strength MS medium for root primordia *** selected uninodal cuttings with root primordia were encapsulated with sodium alginate solution(3.5%(w/v)),mixed with 1.25%charcoal and different concentration of fungicide(thiophanate methyl,sigma)to enhance the viability percentage of synthetic ***,these encapsulated uninodal cuttings were subjected to different storage intervals to check maximum *** showed that optimum dose for fungicide is 150 mg/L as it resulted in good viability percentage,shoot number,shoot length,rooting percentage,root number,root length and ideal for bead formation with sodium ***,results revealed that encapsulated uninodal cuttings can be stored at a temperature of 4℃ up to 45 days with a survival rate of 63.33%.Encapsulated uninodal cutting stored for 60 days showed a poor viability percentage of about 43.03%.It can be concluded that optimum dose of 150 mg/L with storage time of 45 days should be used to get a better outcome for synthetic potato seed production.

关键词： Synthetic seeds potato storage charcoal sodium alginate fungicide

Ethnobotanical inventory and folk uses of indigenous plants from Pir Nasoora National Park,Azad Jammu and Kashmir

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第3期5卷 234-241页

作者： Muhammad Shoaib Amjad Muhammad Arshad Rahmatullah Qureshi Department of Botany PMAS-University of Arid Agriculture Department of Botany Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Objective:To document the medicinal and other folk uses of native plants of the area with a view to preserve the ethnobotanical knowledge associated with this ***:The fieldwork was conducted during a period of one *** were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire and interviews with indigenous tribal people and traditional health practitioners residing in the study ***:The present study documented ethnobotanical uses of 104 plant species belonged to93 genera and 51 *** revealed that most of the documented species were used medicinally(78 spp..44.07%).Leaves were found to be the most frequently used part(69 spp..42.86%) for the preparation of indigenous recipes and for ***:The current research contributes significantly to the ethnobotanical *** depicts a strong human-plant *** is an urgent need to further document indigenous uses of plants for future domestication.

关键词： Ethnobotany Pir Nasoora Indigenous knowledge Conservation