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One image is worth more than a thousand words:producing an atlas of medical signs for teaching clinical and forensic toxicology

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Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第4期7卷 815-822页

作者： Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit University Institute of Health SciencesAdvanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative(CESPU)CRLGandraPortugal Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical EducationFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal ucibio-requimte Laboratory of ToxicologyDepartment of Biological SciencesFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal

Clinical and forensic toxicology are critically involved in the acquisition of basic skills to correctly suspect intoxication,collect biological and non-biological materials for toxicological analysis,comprehend the complexities inherent to laboratory activity,and understand the fundamentals of toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics that underlie the interpretation of results.This works presents a pedagogical innovation proposal for the teaching of clinical and forensic toxicology based on a compilation of more than 3000 cases where the image was fulcra for suspicion.The experience in this article follows the model practiced in bachelors,masters,and PhD degrees,as well as in other continuing training courses,where we are teaching toxicology for more than 15 years.All these levels of education are considered fundamental to the sound development of this science.This approach aims also to offer strength to the intervention of the true toxicologist in all the toxicological phases,besides the classic analytical chemistry.Indeed,it is impossible to provide effective clinical and forensic toxicological interpretations without a proper and broad education,and not thinking exclusively in terms of laboratory techniques.In the future,it will be interesting to evaluate knowledge retention and to propose a database of videos of signs related to intoxications.

关键词： Forensic sciences clinical and forensic toxicology teaching learning signs of exposure pre-analytical phase

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Analysis of the testimonial evidence of Portugal's first major forensic case:part Ⅱ

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Forensic Sciences Research 2020年第4期5卷 266-285页

作者： Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical EducationFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal IINFACTS-Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies Department of SciencesUniversity Institute of Health Sciences(IUCS)Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative(CESPU)CRLGandraPortugal ucibio-requimte Laboratory of Toxicology

The crime possibly perpetrated by a doctor named Vicente Urbino de Freitas in 1890 is one of the most famous cases of poisoning,and it had echoes in the Portuguese and foreign press for several decades.This prestigious doctor was convicted of the fatal poisoning of his nephew.He also attempted the homicide of two nieces and their mother-in-law,who only escaped because they obstinately refused to comply with the"therapeutics"prescribed by the family doctor.The motive of the crime should have been Vicente Urbino de Freitas'ambition to receive the family inheritance of his wife,the daughter of the well-known mer-chant Jose Antonio Sampaio of Flores Street in Porto.Vicente Urbino de Freitas was con-victed but doubt about his guilt persists for more than a century.This second work aimed to collect and analyse all the relevant and contradictory testimonial evidence of the prosecu-tion and defence witnesses.This case represents an odd historical record obtained through more than 12years of research on the first major significant Portuguese forensic case.Rare and unprecedented testimonial evidence and photographs were obtained from different countries and then repaired,since these also provide an important historical record of the medical photography.

关键词： History of legal medicine forensic sciences forensic toxicology Vicente Urbino de Freitas Mário Guilherme Augusto de Sampaio testimonial evidence Flores Street

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Epigenomic mediation after adverse childhood experiences:a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Forensic Sciences Research 2021年第2期6卷 103-114页

作者： Inês Neves Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira Teresa Magalhaes Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical EducationFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal IINFACTS-Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies Department of SciencesUniversity Institute of Health Sciences(IUCS)CESPUCRLGandraPortugal ucibio REQUIMTELaboratory of ToxicologyDepartment of Biological SciencesFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal

Epigenetic mechanisms are potential mediators of the physiological response to abuse by altering the genetic predisposition of the cellular response to the environment,leading to changes in the regulation of multiple organ systems.This study was established to review the epigenetic mechanisms associated with childhood abuse as well as the long-term deter-minants that these epigenetic changes may have on future illness.We retrospectively ana-lysed the effect of exposure to adverse childhood experiences(ACEs,specifically those relating to childhood maltreatment)between the ages of 0 and 16years on the human epi-genome,as well as possible clinical associations.After meeting inclusion and exclusion crite-ria,36 articles were included in this systematic review.Eight of these studies did not find a relationship between childhood maltreatment and DNA methylation.Of the remaining 28 studies,nine were genome-wide association studies,whereas the rest were candidate gene studies,mainly studying effects on neuroendocrine,serotoninergic and immunoregulatory systems.Meta-analysis of correlation coefficients from candidate gene studies estimated an association of childhood adversity and DNA methylation variation at r=0.291(P<0.0001),and meta-analysis of two epigenome-wide association studies(EWASs)identified 44 differen-tially methylated CpG sites.In conclusion,childhood maltreatment may mediate epigenetic mechanisms through DNA methylation,thereby affecting physiological responses and con-ferring a predisposition to an increased risk for psychopathology and forensic repercussions.Similar evidence for somatic illnesses is not yet available.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic genetics child abuse DNA methylation epigenetics meta-analysis mental illness HPA axis

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Portugal's first major forensic case and the genesis of forensic toxicology:10 years of research to reconstruct the event

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Forensic Sciences Research 2019年第1期4卷 69-81页

作者： Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira Department of Sciences IINFACTS–Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity Institute of Health Sciences(IUCS)CESPUCRLGandraPortugal ucibio-requimte Laboratory of ToxicologyDepartment of Biological SciencesFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical EducationFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal

The"Crime of Flores Street"is one of the most famous cases of poisoning to divide public opinion in Portugal in the late 19th century, and it also demonstrated the weaknesses of the Portuguese medicolegal system and attested to the importance of toxicological analysis. Vicente Urbino de Freitas was a prominent doctor, graduating from the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Coimbra in 1875. He later became Professor of Physiology at the Porto Medical-Surgical School and author of a number of books on leprosy. In 1877, he married Maria das Dores Basto Sampaio Freitas, and this was followed by the death of a number of her close relatives in suspicious circumstances, notably her brother José António Sampaio Junior and nephew Mário Guilherme Augusto de Sampaio. This review aims to retell the story of Portugal's first significant medicolegal case as well as the accompanying judicial drama that gave birth to Forensic Toxicology in Portugal and prompted the medicolegal organization that exists today. This research was carried out over a 10-year period and repre-sents undeniable historical value given the rarity of the facts compiled. At the heart of this forensic case was the use of toxicological analyses in court for which the Chemist Antònio Joaquim Ferreira da Silva played a key role. This toxicological report revealed high concen-trations of morphine, delphinine and narceine in viscera and in Mario's urine. The Mario's cause of death was attributed to poisoning by opium alkaloids. Despite the strong judicial evidence, doubts still remains as to whether Vicente Urbino de Freitas was a"monster"or a victim of circumstances and a hapless martyr.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic toxicology Vicente Urbino de Freitas António Joaquim Ferreira da Silva Medical-Surgical School Mário Guilherme Augusto de Sampaio

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Metabolism and metabolomics of ketamine:a toxicological approach

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Forensic Sciences Research 2017年第1期2卷 2-10页

作者： Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira Department of Sciences IINFACTS–Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity Institute of Health Sciences(IUCS)CESPUCRLGandraPortugal Department of Biological Sciences UCIBIOREQUIMTELaboratory of ToxicologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical EducationFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal

Ketamine is a phencyclidine derivative and a non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)receptor for which glutamate is the full agonist.It produces a functional dissociation between the thalamocortical and limbic systems,a state that has been termed as dissociative anaesthesia.Considerable variability in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics between individuals that can affect dose-response and toxicological profile has been reported.This review aims to discuss pharmacokinetics of ketamine,namely focusing on all major and minor,active and inactive metabolites.Both ketamine optical isomers undergo hepatic biotransformation through the cytochrome P450,specially involving the isoenzymes 3A4 and 2B6.It is first N-demethylated to active metabolite norketamine.Different minor pathways have been described,namely hydroxylation of the cyclohexanone ring of ketamine and norketamine,and further conjugation with glucuronic acid to increase renal excretion.More recently,metabolomics data evidenced the alteration of several biological pathways after ketamine administration such as glycolysis,tricarboxylic acid cycle,amino acids metabolism and mitochondrial b-oxidation of fatty acids.It is expected that knowing the metabolism and metabolomics of ketamine may provide further insights aiming to better characterize ketamine from a clinical and forensic perspective.

关键词： Forensic science forensic toxicology ketamine metabolism metabolomics toxicity

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Analysis of the autopsy,toxicological,and psychiatric reports of Portugal’s first major forensic case:partⅢ

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Forensic Sciences Research 2021年第4期6卷 250-272页

作者： Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira Department of Public health and Forensic sciences and Medical educationFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal IINFACTS-Institute of research and advanced Training in health sciences and Technologies Department of sciencesUniversity institute of health sciences(IUCS)advanced Polytechnic and University cooperative(CESPU)CRLGandraPortugal ucibio-requimte Laboratory of ToxicologyDepartment of Biological sciencesFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal

This work presents an odd historical record obtained through more than 14 years of research regarding one of the first major european forensic cases.The presumed homicide of Mário Guilherme Augusto de Sampaio in 1890 was allegedly perpetrated by his uncle,the prestigious doctor vicente Urbino de Freitas.This famous poisoning had international repercussions for decades,with the participation of several forensic experts that made the history of forensic sciences,namely forensic toxicology and pathology.This third work aims to collect,restore,and analyse all the forensic evidence,particularly from the autopsy,toxicological,and psychiatric forensic reports.Facts regarding the life of vicente Urbino de Freitas during his exile in Brazil were also recovered,along with a vast and outstanding assortment of forensic medicine photographs from the 19th century.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic reports alkaloids history of legal medicine Flores Street vicente Urbino de Freitas JoséAntónio de Sampaio Junior Mário Guilherme Augusto de Sampaio

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Guidelines for Collection of Biological Samples for Clinical and Forensic Toxicological Analysis

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Forensic Sciences Research 2016年第1期1卷 42-51页

作者： Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira Duarte Nuno Vieira Teresa Magalhaes Department of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal Department of Sciences IINFACTS–Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity Institute of Health Sciences(IUCS)CESPUCRLGandraPortugal ucibio-requimte Laboratory of ToxicologyDepartment of Biological SciencesFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal Faculty of Medicine University of CoimbraPortoPortugal

This article aims to review general procedures for sampling of routinely collected as well as on alternative samples that may provide additional information regarding intoxication.These approaches may be applied whenever sample collection for clinical and forensic toxicology is required and should be considered as general guidelines that must be adapted to each specific case.It is expected that this article will help toxicologists and other forensic experts to accomplish their mission,since the toxicological result is first influenced by the quality and quantity of the sample available for analysis.These guidelines were approved by the European Council of Legal Medicine.

关键词： Forensic science forensic toxicology samples collection guidelines kits and labelling storage and preservation

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COVID-19 research:pandemic versus“paperdemic”,integrity,values and risks of the“speed science”

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Forensic Sciences Research 2020年第2期5卷 174-187页

作者： Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical EducationFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal Department of Sciences IINFACTS-Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity Institute of Health Sciences(IUCS)CESPUCRLGandraPortugal ucibio-requimte Laboratory of ToxicologyDepartment of Biological SciencesFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal

Scientific integrity is a learned skill.When researchers and students learn integrity in laboratories or in the classroom,they are empowered to use similar principles in other aspects of their lives.This commentary reviews the concepts related to scientific integrity at a time when science faces important challenges related to the increase number of articles produced regarding research on coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has ignited another parallel viral pandemic,with science ranging from robust studies to dishonest studies being conducted,posted,and shared at an unprecedented rate.A balance is needed between the benefits of the rapid access to new scientific data and the threat of causing panic or erroneous clinical decisions based on mistakes or misconduct.The truth is that the“scientific research has changed the world”but now,and more than ever,“it needs to change itself”.A pandemic with a“paperdemic”will be even more complicated to manage if it progresses in an uncontrolled manner and is not properly scrutinized.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 research and academic integrity peer review pandemic paperdemic

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Diversity of the Formicidae (Hymenoptera) carrion communities in Lisbon (Portugal): preliminary approach as seasonal and geographic indicators

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Forensic Sciences Research 2018年第1期3卷 65-73页

作者： António Neto-Silva Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira Catarina Prado e Castro Department of Public Health Forensic Sciences and Medical EducationFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal Department of Sciences IINFACTS-Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity Institute of Health Sciences(IUCS)CESPUCRLGandraPortugal ucibio REQUIMTE-Laboratory of ToxicologyDepartment of Biological SciencesFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal Department of Life Sciences Centre for Functional EcologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal

The value of the Formicidae (Insecta,Hymenoptera) community in forensic investigations is poorly studied in Portugal.In order to better understand the structure and dynamics of this group of insects in cadavers and their putative value in forensic investigations,studies were carried out in Lisbon area during one year.Piglet carcasses were used as a model of human decomposition.The entomofauna attracted to the carcasses was collected over a period of about 2 months in each season of the year.The collection of ants was performed at regular intervals,daily in the first 23 days and then with intervals of 2,3 or 5 days until the end of the experiment.Five stages of cadaveric decomposition were recognized with the ants being present in all of them.Three hundred and nine specimens were captured: 7 in autumn,6 in winter,90 in spring and 206 in summer.These specimens belong to three subfamilies and seven different species.Four of them had never been mentioned before as being associated to cadavers in this geographical area.Spring and summer had the greater diversity of species and a larger number of individuals.Temnothorax luteus was the dominant species in spring and Tapinoma nigerrimum in summer.Corroborating the information of other similar studies carried out in the Iberian Peninsula,the sarcosaprophagous Formicidae community found in Lisbon is unique and different from other studied locations,which supports the need to perform regional studies.Our results shown that ants do not present a definite pattern of succession,but some species have the potential to be seasonal or geographic indicators.

关键词： Forensic science forensic entomology Formicidae sarcosaprophagous community decomposition process postmortem interval seasonal study

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Efficacy assessment of peracetic acid in the removal of synthetic 17α-ethinyl estradiol contraceptive hormone in wastewater

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第3期32卷 1-8页

作者： Rita Maurício Flávia Semedo Rita Dias Joao P.Noronha Leonor Amaral Michiel A.Daam Antonio P.Mano Mário S.Diniz CENSE Center for Environmental and Sustainability ResearchNOVA School of Science and TechnologyNOVA University LisbonQuinta da Torre2829-516 CaparicaPortugal Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering NOVA School of Science and TechnologyNOVA University LisbonQuinta da Torre2829-516 CaparicaPortugal requimte/FCT NOVA School of Science and TechnologyNOVA University LisbonQuinta da Torre2829-516 CaparicaPortugal Biotox Lab UCIBIODepartment of ChemistryNOVA School of Science and TechnologyNOVA University LisbonQuinta da Torre2829-516 CaparicaPortugal

Increasing concerns have been raised on endocrine disrupting chemicals like the sex hormone 17 a-ethinylestradiol(EE2),the more since traditional wastewater(WW) treatments appear to be ineffective for their removal.The efficacy of the relatively novel disinfectant peracetic acid(PAA) in EE2 removal was evaluated,as well as its potential effects on WW quality parameters.The treatments tested for EE2 removal were also evaluated in terms of toxicity,through the determination of biochemical responses(antioxidant enzymes,lipid peroxidation and vitellogenin induction) using zebrafish(Danio rerio) as a biological model.PAA contact times less than 20 min appeared insufficient regardless of the PAA dose tested,but a 100% EE2 removal was attained at a PAA concentration of 15 mg/L with a contact time of20 min.Total suspended solids,chemical oxygen demand and pH in PAA treatments remained well within levels set in European legislation for WW discharge.EE2 induced signific ant increased vitellogenin(VTG) levels in both female and male fish,indic ating increased estrogenic activity,especially in males suggesting an endocrine disruption effect.With the addition of PAA(15 mg/L),however,VTG levels in both sexes returned to control values.Although this PAA treatment showed increased levels of the antioxidant enzyme catalase,the lipid peroxidation levels were similar or even lower than in controls.Overall the results suggest that the use of PAA appears a promising way forward as a less toxic alternative to chlorine disinfection with high efficiency in the removal of EDC like EE2.

关键词： EE2 Wastewater treatment Zebrafish Biomarkers

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