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Method to assess component contribution to toxicity of complex mixtures： Assessment of puberty acquisition in rats exposed to disinfection byproducts

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Journal of environmental sciences 2017年第8期29卷 311-321页

作者： shahid Parvez Glenn E.Rice Linda K.Teuschler Jane Ellen simmons Thomas F.speth susan D.Richardson Richard J.Miltner E.sidney Hunter Ⅲ Jonathan G.Pressman Lillian F.strader Gary R.Klinefelter Jerome M.Goldman Michael G.Narotsky Indiana university Richard M. Fairbanks school of Public Health Department of Environmental Health Sciences IUPUI Campus Indianapolis IN 46202 USA National Center for environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati OH 45268 USA Lincla Teuschler and Associates St. Petersburg FL 33707 USA National Health and environmental Effects Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park NC 27711 USA National Risk Management Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati OH 45268 USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA

A method based on regression modeling was developed to discern the contribution of component chemicals to the toxicity of highly complex, environmentally realistic mixtures of disinfection byproducts（DBPs）. Chemical disinfection of drinking water forms DBP *** of concerns about possible reproductive and developmental toxicity, a whole mixture（WM） of DBPs produced by chlorination of a water concentrate was administered as drinking water to sprague–Dawley（s–D） rats in a multigenerational study. Age of puberty acquisition,i.e., preputial separation（PPs） and vaginal opening（VO）, was examined in male and female offspring, respectively. When compared to controls, a slight, but statistically significant delay in puberty acquisition was observed in females but not in males. WM-induced differences in the age at puberty acquisition were compared to those reported in s–D rats administered either a defined mixture（DM） of nine regulated DBPs or individual DBPs. Regression models were developed using individual animal data on age at PPs or VO from the DM study. Puberty acquisition data reported in the WM and individual DBP studies were then compared with the DM models. The delay in puberty acquisition observed in the WM-treated female rats could not be distinguished from delays predicted by the DM regression model, suggesting that the nine regulated DBPs in the DM might account for much of the delay observed in the WM. This method is applicable to mixtures of other types of chemicals and other endpoints.

关键词： Drinking water disinfection byproducts DBP Puberty delay Four Lab study Mixtures risk assessment

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Role of complex organic arsenicals in food in aggregate exposure to arsenic

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Journal of environmental sciences 2016年第11期28卷 86-96页

作者： David J.Thomas Karen Bradham Pharmacokinetics Branch Integrated Systems Toxicology Division National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory Offilce of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Parle NC 27709 USA Public Health Chemistry Branch Exposure Methods and Measurements Division National Exposure Research Laboratory Offilce of Researchand Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA

For much of the world＇s population, food is the major source of exposure to *** to this non-essential metalloid at relatively low levels may be linked to a wide range of adverse health effects. Thus, evaluating foods as sources of exposure to arsenic is important in assessing risk and developing strategies that protect public health. Although most emphasis has been placed on inorganic arsenic as human carcinogen and toxicant, an array of arsenic-containing species are found in plants and animals used as foods. Here,we 2evaluate the contribution of complex organic arsenicals（arsenosugars, arsenolipids,and trimethylarsonium compounds） that are found in foods and consider their origins,metabolism, and potential toxicity. Commonalities in the metabolism of arsenosugars and arsenolipids lead to the production of di-methylated arsenicals which are known to exert many toxic effects. Evaluating foods as sources of exposure to these complex organic arsenicals and understanding the formation of reactive metabolites may be critical in assessing their contribution to aggregate exposure to arsenic.

关键词： Arsenic Arsenobetaine Arsenolipids Arsenosugars

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Effects of neodymium on growth and physiological characteristics of Microcystis aeruginosa

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Journal of Rare Earths 2011年第4期29卷 388-395页

作者：王应军金航标邓仕槐陈燕余游 College of Resources and Enviroment Sichuan Agricultural University environmental protection agency.of Wuxi

To investigate the effect of neodymium （Nd） on Microcystis aeruginosa, the growth and physiological changes were studied by lab cultured experiments. The results showed that the content of chlorophyll a （Chl-a）, soluble protein and the activity of superoxide dismutase （sOD）, peroxidase （POD）, and catalase （CAT） increased compared with the control （Nd3＋-free）, and the growth of M. aeruginosa was stimulated in the treatments of initial Nd3＋ concentration ≤1 mg/L; while the treatments of initial Nd3＋ concentration was in the range of 5.00–10.00 mg/L, the content of malondiadehyde （MDA） increased immediately but the activity of CAT reduced, which resulted in weakened M. aeruginosa’s ability to eliminate the active oxygen and the ruin of antioxidant defense system, and stunting the growth of M. aeruginosa. With the initial Nd3＋ concentration of 50 mg/L, the growth of M. aeruginosa was totally stunted. The ultrastructure showed that excess Nd3＋ could lead to the decrease of thylakoid and the increase of fat particle in cells of M. aeruginosa, and the cell membrane became rough and even broken, causing an irreversible damage to algal cells.

关键词： Microcystis aeruginosa neodymium growth ultrastructure

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Assessment of Neurotoxicity: use of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein as a Biomarker

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Biomedical and environmental sciences 1991年第1期4卷 197-206页

作者： JAMEs P.O CALLAGHAN Neurotoxicology Division Health Effects Research Laboratory U. S Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park

Diverse neurotoxic insults result in proliferation and hypertrophy of astrocytes. The hallmark of this response is enhanced expression of the major intermediate filament protein of astrocytes, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). These observations suggest that GFAP may be a useful biomarker of neurotoxicity. To investigate this possibility, we administered prototype neurotoxicants to experimental animals and assessed the effects of these agents on the tissue content of GFAP, as determined by radioimmunoassay. A review of the background, design, and results of these experiments are presented in this paper. Our findings indicate that GFAP is a sensitive and specific biomarker of neurotoxicity.

关键词： GFAP use of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein as a Biomarker Assessment of Neurotoxicity

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推进新一代健康风险评估

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环境与职业医学 2013年第7期30卷 569-571,F0004页

作者： Ila Cote Paul T.Anastas Linda s.BirnbaumNational Institute of environmental Health sciences National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human services Research Triangle Park North Carolina usA Rebecca M.Clark David J.Dix stephen W.Edwards Peter W.Preuss 王仁礼李卫华 u.s.environmental protection agency WashingtonDCUSA u.s.environmental protection agency Research Triangle ParkNorth CarolinaUSA Yale university New HavenConnecticutUSA

[背景]过去20年间,基因组及其功能的知识急剧增加,而应用这些知识进行风险评估的方法并未取得相应进展。[目的]本评论介绍联邦和州政府机构为推进新一代风险评估而开展的合作。NexGen计划的目的是开创分子生物学和系统生物学最新进展与... 详细信息

[背景]过去20年间,基因组及其功能的知识急剧增加,而应用这些知识进行风险评估的方法并未取得相应进展。[目的]本评论介绍联邦和州政府机构为推进新一代风险评估而开展的合作。NexGen计划的目的是开创分子生物学和系统生物学最新进展与风险评估实践相结合的工作。该计划最终成功的基础是纳入促进更快速、廉价和(或)准确公共健康风险评估的新实践。[方法]开发模型风险评估方法,对传统的基于详细数据的风险评估结果与基于新型分子生物学和系统生物学数据的剖析进行比较。应用这种方式可以验证新方法,改进传统方法,更好地理解不同类型新科学信息的价值。[讨论与结论]这些新方法将有多种用途,如评估现有和新型商用化学物以及化学产品及其生产工艺,以减少有害物质的使用或消除其产生。此外,该工作的成果还可能促进深入研究和开发测试方法。新方法的全面实施可能需要10～20年。

关键词：生物信息学分子生物学 NexGen “组学” 风险评估系统生物学

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Latest Development in Human Health Risk Assessment

Latest Development in Human Health Risk Assessment

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中国毒理学会第七次全国毒理学大会暨第八届湖北科技论坛

作者：赵启宇 u.s.environmental protection agency Office of Research and DevelopmentNational Center for Environmental Assessment

Traditionally,risk assessment for environmental chemicals is based upon epidemiological and/or animal toxicity *** the release of the National Academy of sciences Toxicity in the 21 Century:A Vision and a strategy(2007) and science and Decisions:Advancing Risk Assessment(2008),there has been a growing interest in incorporating recent advances in technologies and tools into the risk assessment *** developments in computational toxicology,dose response modeling,and high throughput in vitro toxicity testing are providing a basis for advancements in risk assessment *** new developments may provide the ability to evaluate many compounds found at contaminated sites throughout the *** have limited or no available toxicity *** addition,these new methods could also provide supplemental information to traditional in vivo toxicity data *** the rapid advancement in toxicity testing development,some of these new approaches are likely to become key players in chemical risk *** views expressed in this abstract are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the ***.

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Deposition behavior of residual aluminum in drinking water distribution system：Effect of aluminum speciation

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Journal of environmental sciences 2016年第4期28卷 142-151页

作者： Yue Zhang Baoyou shi Yuanyuan Zhao Mingquan Yan Darren A.Lytle Dongsheng Wang Key Laboratory of Drinking Water science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China. College of environmental sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China u.s. environmental protection agency Cincinnati OH 45268 USA

Finished drinking water usually contains some residual *** deposition of residual aluminum in distribution systems and potential release back to the drinking water could significantly influence the water quality at consumer taps.A preliminary analysis of aluminum content in cast iron pipe corrosion scales and loose deposits demonstrated that aluminum deposition on distribution pipe surfaces could be excessive for water treated by aluminum coagulants including polyaluminum chloride（PACl）.In this work,the deposition features of different aluminum species in PACl were investigated by simulated coil-pipe test,batch reactor test and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation *** deposition amount of non-polymeric aluminum species was the least,and its deposition layer was soft and hydrated,which indicated the possible formation of amorphous Al（OH）***（13） had the highest deposition tendency,and the deposition layer was rigid and much less hydrated,which indicated that the deposited aluminum might possess regular structure and self-aggregation of Al（13）could be the main deposition *** for Al（30）,its deposition was relatively slower and deposited aluminum amount was relatively less compared with Al（13）.However,the total deposited mass of Al（30） was much higher than that of Al（13）,which was attributed to the deposition of particulate aluminum matters with much higher hydration *** with stationary condition,stirring could significantly enhance the deposition process,while the effect of pH on deposition was relatively weak in the near neutral range of 6.7 to 8.7.

关键词： Aluminum deposition Drinking water distribution system Polyaluminum chloride (PACl) Quartz crystal microbalance

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Treatability aspects of urban stormwater stressors

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Frontiers of environmental science & Engineering 2012年第5期6卷 631-637页

作者： Anthony N. TAFuRI Richard FIELD National Risk Management Research Laboratory Water Supply and Water Resources Division Urban Watershed Management Branch U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Edison NJ 08837-3679 USA

Pollution from diffuse sources （pollution from contaminants picked up and carried into surface waters by stormwater runoff） has been identified as a significant source of water quality problems in the u.s. scientists and engineers continue to seek solutions that will allow them to optimize existing technologies and develop new ones that will provide the best possible protection to people, wildlife, and the environment. This paper addresses the various pollutants or stressors in urban stormwater, including flow （shear force）, pathogens, suspended solids/sediment, toxicants （organic and metals）, nutrients, oxygen demanding substances, and coarse solids. A broad overview of the pollutants removed and the removal mechanisms by and of conventional best management practices （BMPs） is also presented. The principal treatment mechanisms of conventional wet ponds, vegetative swales/ buffer strips, and wetlands are sedimentation and filtration. These mechanisms have the capability to remove sig- nificant amounts of suspended solids or particulate matter and are a vital component of strategies to reduce pollutant loads to receiving waters. In addition, because most of the nation＇s receiving water violations are caused by pathogen indicator bacteria, it is of utmost importance that research efforts address this problem. Further research is also needed on the treatment of emerging contaminants in BMPs and on the costs and affects of maintenance and maintenance schedules on the long-term performance of BMPs.

关键词： stormwater wet weather flow urban runoff

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综合环境管理——纸浆、造纸工业的中间试验研究

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世界环境 1988年第1期 7-10页

作者： Timothy M.Barry 戴进池袁亮 Regulatory Integration Division Office of Policy Analysis u.s.environmental protection agency.

我们对大多数化学品的慢性毒理学的认识和了解是很有限的。我们的数据大多来自短期对动物进行的高浓度生物鉴定试验,它们很难与长期的低浓度环境暴露联系起来。某些化学品(主要是致癌物)被认为在所有浓度下,不管其浓度如何低,对人类健... 详细信息

我们对大多数化学品的慢性毒理学的认识和了解是很有限的。我们的数据大多来自短期对动物进行的高浓度生物鉴定试验,它们很难与长期的低浓度环境暴露联系起来。某些化学品(主要是致癌物)被认为在所有浓度下,不管其浓度如何低,对人类健康都有害。许多有毒化学品都是有用的,但它们的“毒性循环”的每一阶段(制造、加工、利用和处置)对健康和环境又都存在潜在的危害。有毒化学品从一个环境介质转移到另一个环境介质(例如,从空气到水)的时候,常常保持它们的毒性。这

关键词：造纸工业污染控制造纸业效应评价经济效益暴露评价有毒化学品中间试验半工业试验

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Characteristics and environmental significance of rare earth elements in PM2.5 of Nanchang, China

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Journal of Rare Earths 2017年第1期35卷 98-106页

作者： ZHAO Yang Yu Ruilian Hu Gongren LIN Xiaohui LIu Xianrong College of Chemical Engineering Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 China environmental protection agency.of Nanchang City Nanchang 330038 China

Concentrations of sixteen rare earth elements（REEs） in PM2.5 and potential-source samples, collected in Nanchang city in mid-september 2013, were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-Ms）. The results showed that the concentrations of total REEs（ΣREE） ranged from 78.76 to 1351 ng/mg. The order of REEs in PM2.5 samples showed the anthropogenic effects, Ce and Eu were affected more than the other REEs according to the enrichment factors. The results of chondrite-normalized REEs patterns and characteristic parameters showed evident light REEs fractionation, and positive anomalies of Ce and Eu in PM2.5. The other non-local pollution sources affected the PM2.5 samples, according to the triangular diagram of La, Ce and sm compositions and plot of ΣREE vs δEu. Moreover, plot of（La/sm）N vs（Gd/Yb）N revealed the effects of local sources. In conclusion, the REEs in potential-source samples were close to the background of local soil, while the REEs in PM2.5 samples in Nanchang city were jointly affected by the investigated local sources and other non-local sources.

关键词： PM2.5 rare earth elements composition characteristics distribution pattern enrichment factor

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