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Influences of harvester and weather conditions on field loss and milling quality of rough rice

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2017年第4期10卷 216-223页

作者： Ragab Khir Griffiths Atungulu Ding Chao Zhongli Pan department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of AgricultureSuez Canal UniversityIsmailiaEgypt department of Food science University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA College of Food science and Engineering Nanjing University of Finance and EconomiesNanjingJiangsu 210023China Healthy Processed Foods Research unit Western Regional Research CenterAgricultural Research ServiceU.S.Department of AgricultureAlbanyCA 94710USA

A better understanding of factors affecting field losses and milling quality during harvest is needed to improve the economic value of *** main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of harvester header,harvester type,and weather conditions on field loss and milling quality of rough *** popular harvesters equipped with different headers:John Deere 9870 with header D60-s,John Deere 9860 with header D972-s,Hardy,and John Deere 9770 with stripper header were evaluated in this *** header and total field losses of rice were evaluated for each harvester under regular,rainy and windy weather *** were conducted in a rice field cultivated with medium grain rice,variety M206,at Grimes,*** rice yield(TRY),head rice yield(HRY)and whiteness index(WI)were examined to evaluate the effect of weather conditions on milling *** obtained results revealed that the rice field loss was affected by harvester header and type,and weather *** the conventional headers,D60-s significantly reduced the rice loss compared to the D972-s and the *** with John Deere 9860 resulted in significant header and field loss compared to other tested *** average loss increased from 236.2 kg/hm^(2)and 445.2 kg/hm^(2)under regular condition to 711.1 kg/hm^(2)and 907.9 kg/hm^(2)under windy condition for John Deere 9870 and John Deere 9860,*** corresponding loss percentages increased from 2.6%and 4.9%to 7.9%and 10.1%.HRY was significantly affected by weather condition at harvest ***,the weather condition had no significant effect on TRY and *** minimize the rice field loss and obtain good milling quality,commercial rice harvesting during regular weather conditions is important.A proper combination of harvester type and header could be vital for reducing the rice loss.

关键词： rice harvesters field loss weather conditions milling quality harvester header

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Big Earth data for disaster risk reduction

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Big Earth Data 2023年第4期7卷 931-936页

作者： Lei Zou Fang Chen Xiao Huang Bandana Kar department of Geography Texas A&M UniversityUSA International Research Center of Big Data for sustainable Development Goals BejingChina The department of Environmental sciences Emory UniversityAtlantaUSA Building Technologies Office U.S.Department of EnergyWashington D.CUSA

In an ever-changing world,where the frequency and intensity of natural and humanmade disasters are on the rise,disaster risk reduction has emerged as a crucial focal point of interdisciplinary research,governance,and public *** risk reduction,which aims to safeguard humans and protect environments from hazards and threats,is of high societal relevance and closely related to several of the united Nations sustainable Development Goals(sDGs).The findings from research into disaster risk reduction contribute significantly to making cities and other settlements more inclusive,safe,resilient,and sustainable.

关键词： Big Earth data disaster resilience risk reduction remote sensing social sensing deep learning

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Characterization of spermidine hydroxycinnamoyl transferases from eggplant (solanum melongena L.) and its wild relative solanum richardii Dunal

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Horticulture Research 2016年第1期3卷 21-29页

作者： Hui Peng Tianbao Yang Bruce D Whitaker Frances Trouth Lingfei shangguan Wen Dong Wayne M Jurick Agricultural Research service of u.s.department of agriculture Food Quality LaboratoryBeltsville Agricultural Research CenterBeltsville20705MDUSA Horticulture&Landscape College Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha410128HunanChina College of Horticulture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095JiangsuChina department of Plant science University of TennesseeKnoxville37996TNUSA

Eggplant produces a variety of hydroxycinnamic acid amides(HCAAs)that have an important role in plant development and adaptation to environmental *** this study,we identified and characterized a spermidine hydroxycinnamoyl transferase(sHT)from eggplant(solanum melongena)and its wild relative ***,designated as smsHT and srsHT,*** was abundant in flowers and fruits,whereas the level of srsHT was remarkably low in all ***-shock/drought treatment stimulated the expression of smsHT in both leaves and fruits,indicating its involvement in plant stress *** sHT polypeptides had extremely high identity with just five amino-acid *** smsHT catalyzed the synthesis of mono-,bi-and tri-acylated *** caffeoyl-CoA as the acyl donor,smsHT preferred spermidine as the acyl *** spermidine was the acyl acceptor,the donor preference order for smsHT was caffeoyl-CoA>feruloyl-CoA>ρ-*** exhibited the same substrate specificity as smsHT,yet exhibited significantly higher catalytic activity than *** example,under caffeoyl-CoA and spermidine,Kcat of srsHT was 37.3%higher than *** modeling suggests that five amino-acid substitutions in srsHT result in four alterations in their predicted 3D *** particular,the conserved Lys402 adjacent to the DFGWG motif,and Cys200 in the crossover loop in smsHT were replaced by Glu and ser in *** substitutions may contribute to the enhanced activity in *** study provides a platform to generate HCAA rich fruits for eggplant and other solanaceous crops.

关键词： donor acceptor flowers

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Analysis of docosanol using GC/Ms:Method development,validation,and application to ex vivo human skin permeation studies

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2022年第2期12卷 287-292页

作者： Vijay Kumar shankar Mei Wang srinivas Ajjarapu Praveen Kolimi Bharathi Avula Reena Murthy Ikhlas Khan sathyanarayana Narasimha Murthy department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery University of MississippiOxfordMS38677USA Natural Products utilization Research unit Agricultural Research ServiceU.S.Department of AgricultureOxfordMS38677USA National Center for Natural Products Research Research Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyUniversity of MississippiOxfordMS38677USA Topical Products Testing LLC OxfordMS38677USA

Docosanol is the only us Food and Drug Administration(FDA)approved over-the-counter topical product for treating recurrent oral-facial herpes simplex *** analytical methods for docosanol are required to demonstrate the bioequivalence of docosanol topical products.A gas chromatography/selected ion monitoring mode mass spectrometry(GC/sIM-Ms)method was developed and validated for docosanol determination in biological *** and isopropyl palmitate(internal standard)were separated on a high-polarity GC capillary column with(88%cyanopropy)aryl-polysiloxane employed as the stationary *** ions of m/z 83 and 256 were selected to monitor docosanol and isopropyl palmitate,respectively;the total run time was 20 *** GC/sIM-Ms method was validated in accordance with us FDA guidelines,and the results met the us FDA acceptance *** docosanol calibration standards were linear in the 100-10000 ng/mL concentration range(R^(2)>0.994).The recoveries for docosanol from the receptor fluid and skin homogenates were>93.2%and>95.8%,*** validated method was successfully applied to analyze ex vivo human cadaver skin permeation *** applying Abreva®cream tube and Abreva®cream pump,the amount of docosanol that penetrated human cadaver skin at 48 h was 21.5±7.01 and 24.0±6.95 ng/mg,***,we concluded that the validated GC/sIM-Ms was sensitive,specific,and suitable for quantifying docosanol as a quality control *** method can be used for routine analysis as a costeffective alternative to other techniques.

关键词： Docosanol Fatty alcohols Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Topical formulation skin permeation

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spatial and compositional variation in the fungal communities of organic and conventionally grown apple fruit at the consumer point-of-purchase

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Horticulture Research 2016年第1期3卷 76-87页

作者： Ahmed Abdelfattah Michael Wisniewski samir Droby Leonardo schena Dipartimento di Agraria UniversitàMediterranea di Reggio CalabriaLocalitàFeo di Vito89124 ReggioCalabriaItaly u.s.department of agriculture-Agricultural Research service(usDA-ARs) 2217 Wiltshire RoadKearneysvilleWV 25430USA department of Postharvest and Food sciences AROThe Volcani Center68 HaMccabim RoadRishon LeZion 7505101Israel

The fungal diversity in harvested apples from organic or conventional management practices was analyzed in different fruit locations(stem end,calyx end,peel,and wounded flesh)shortly after fruit purchase(T1)and after 2 weeks of storage(T5).A total of 5,760,162 high-quality fungal sequences were recovered and assigned to 8,504 Operational Taxonomic *** of the phylum Ascomycota were dominant in all samples and accounted for 91.6%of the total number of detected *** was followed by Basidiomycota(8%),Chytridiomycota(0.1%),and unidentified fungi(0.3%).Alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed the presence of significantly different fungal populations in the investigated fruit *** detected fungi,the genus Penicillium prevailed in the peel and in the wounded flesh while Alternaria *** in the calyx and stem end samples that included apple core *** taxonomic units that appear to be closely related to pathogenic fungi associated with secondary human infections were present in peel and ***,significantly different populations were revealed in organic and conventional apples and this result was consistent in all investigated fruit parts(calyx end,peel,stem end,and wounded flesh).several unique taxa were exclusively detected in organic apples suggesting that management practices may have been a contributing factor in determining the taxa *** contrast,little differences were revealed in the two assessment times(T1 and T5).Results of the present study represent an advancement of the current knowledge on the fungal microbiota in collected fruit tissues of apple.

关键词： wound fungal apple

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Accelerating DAG-style Job Execution via Optimizing Resource Pipeline scheduling

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Journal of Computer science & Technology 2022年第4期37卷 852-868页

作者： Yubin Duan Ning Wang Jie Wu department of Computer and Information sciences Temple UniversityPhiladelphia 19122U.S.A. department of Computer science Rowan UniversityGlassboro 08028U.S.A.

The volume of information that needs to be processed in big data clusters increases rapidly nowadays. It is critical to execute the data analysis in a time-efficient manner. However, simply adding more computation resources may not speed up the data analysis significantly. The data analysis jobs usually consist of multiple stages which are organized as a directed acyclic graph (DAG). The precedence relationships between stages cause scheduling challenges. General DAG scheduling is a well-known NP-hard problem. Moreover, we observe that in some parallel computing frameworks such as spark, the execution of a stage in DAG contains multiple phases that use different resources. We notice that carefully arranging the execution of those resources in pipeline can reduce their idle time and improve the average resource utilization. Therefore, we propose a resource pipeline scheme with the objective of minimizing the job makespan. For perfectly parallel stages, we propose a contention-free scheduler with detailed theoretical analysis. Moreover, we extend the contention-free scheduler for three-phase stages, considering the computation phase of some stages can be partitioned. Additionally, we are aware that job stages in real-world applications are usually not perfectly parallel. We need to frequently adjust the parallelism levels during the DAG execution. Considering reinforcement learning (RL) techniques can adjust the scheduling policy on the fly, we investigate a scheduler based on RL for online arrival jobs. The RL-based scheduler can adjust the resource contention adaptively. We evaluate both contention-free and RL-based schedulers on a spark cluster. In the evaluation, a real-world cluster trace dataset is used to simulate different DAG styles. Evaluation results show that our pipelined scheme can significantly improve CPu and network utilization.

关键词： data center cluster directed acyclic graph scheduling makespan minimization pipeline

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An Anti-Counterfeiting RFID Privacy Protection Protocol

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Journal of Computer science & Technology 2007年第3期22卷 438-448页

作者： Xiaolan Zhang Brian King department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois U.S.A. department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis U.S.A.

The privacy problem of many RFID systems has been extensively studied. Yet integrity in RFID has not received much attention as regular computer systems. When we evaluate an identification protocol for an RFID system for anti-counterfeiting, it is important to consider integrity issues. Moreover, many RFID systems are accessed by multiple level trust parties, which makes comprehensive integrity protection even harder. In this paper, we first propose an integrity model for RFID protocols. Then we use the model to analyze the integrity problems in squealing Euros protocol. squealing Euros was proposed by Juels and Pappu for RFID enabled banknotes that will support anti-forgery and lawful tracing yet preserve individual＇s privacy. We analyze its integrity, we then discuss the problems that arise and propose some solutions to these problems. Then an improved protocol with integrity protection for the law enforcement is constructed, which includes an unforgeable binding between the banknote serial number and the RF ciphertext only readable to law enforcement. This same protocol can be applied in many other applications which require a privacy protecting anti-counterfeiting mechanism.

关键词： RFID security integrity privacy

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NEW TAXA OF ILEX FROM THE PEOPLE's REPuBLIC OF CHINA

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植物分类与资源学报 1984年第1期 43-54页

作者： T.R.DuDLEY 20002 3501 New York Ave.N.E. Agricultural Research service D.C. Research Botanist u.s.A. u.s.department of agriculture u.s.National Arboretum Washington

llex strigillosa ***,***. 〔section Pseudoaquifolium s.-***(1950)series Lougecaudatae s.-***(1950)〕. DIAGNOsIs: A *** s.-***(1950)affinis sed ramulis et gemmis terminalis,dense cinerascentibus puberulento-strigillosis,stipulis tenuiter membranaceis minutis0.1mm longis vel minus fugacibus cito caducis,petiolis denso cinerascentibuspuberulento-strigillosis aliquado subglabris laminis versus,laminis foliorum mino-ribus 4—7.5cm longis 1—2cm latis basibus acutis ad attenuatis apicibussensim acuminatis vel caudato-acuminatis acuminibus brevioribus 5—10(—15)mm longis marginibus integris vel subintegris conspicue sinuolatis et apicibus

关键词： NEW TAXA OF ILEX FROM THE PEOPLE’s REPuBLIC OF CHINA Pro CI IO

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Early Identification of stable Transformation Events by Combined use of Antibiotic selection and Vital Detection of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) in Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Callus

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Agricultural sciences in China 2008年第6期7卷 664-671页

作者： Yuan-Yeu Yau seth J Davis Ahmet Ipek Philipp W simon u.s. department of agriculture Agricultural Research Service Department of Horticulture University of Wisconsin-Madison Laboratory of Genetics University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA u.s. department of agriculture Agricultural Research Service Department of Horticulture University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA

Genetic transformation is a useful technique to complement conventional breeding in crop improvement. Although carrot has been a model organism for in vitro embryogenesis study, genetic transformation of carrot is still lengthy and labor intensive. An efficient transformation and detection system is desirable. Direct infection of Agrobacterium to carrot calli has provided an easy way for carrot genetic transformation. To improve the efficiency of antibiotic selection in this method, we report the combined use of an improved green-fluorescent protein, referred to as smGFP, to establish a versatile selection method for carrot callus transformation system. By combining antibiotic selection with the bright fluorescence observed in the callus tissue, we were able to easily identify stable transformants in early stage of the transformation process. In addition to the GFP expression of the callus cells, the transgenic nature of callus cells was confirmed with southern and Western analysis. We found we can link the simplicity of carrot-callus-cell transformation, early detection of stable transformants with antibiotic selection, visualization of GFP fluorescence, and molecular analysis （southern and Western） of callus tissue （non-photosynthetic tissue） to provide a more efficient way in identifying stable transformants at early stage of carrot transformation.

关键词： Agrobacterium tumefaciens antibiotic selection Daucus carota genetic transformation reporter gene,stable transformed transgene

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Thrips-mediated impacts from transgenic rice expressing Cry1Ab on ecological fitness of non-target predator Orius tantilus(Hemiptera:Anthocoridae)

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2016年第9期15卷 2059-2069页

作者： Akhtar Zunnu Raen DANG Cong WANG Fang PENG Yu-fa YE Gong-yin state Key Laboratory of Rice Biology Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Insect Sciences Zhejiang University department of Entomology University of Agriculture Faisalabad u.s. Pakistan Centre for Advance studies in agriculture Food security (u.s.PCAs-AFs) University of Agriculture Faisalabad state Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Various rice lines have been genetically modified with genes from Bacillus thuringiensis（Bt） to continuously produce Bt insecticidal proteins against lepidopteran larvae. The Bt insecticidal protein constantly expresses in the plants to create an opportunity for non-target herbivores to acquire and convey the protein to their predators or parasitoids across trophic levels. This paper evaluates the effects of Bt rice（namely, Kemindao 1（KMD1） and Kemindao 2（KMD2）） expressing Cry1 Ab as compared to its non-Bt control line, Xiushui 11 on non-target predator Orius tantilus（a generalist predatory anthocorid of thrips） under laboratory and field conditions. To measure several biological parameters such as total nymphal duration and fecundity of this bug, it was reared on thrips and pollens of KMD1 and KMD2 as compared to their control under laboratory conditions. By comparison with the control, Bt rice did not significantly affect main life-history characteristics（total nymphal duration, female adult longevity, oviposition period and fecundity） of this anthocorid preying on Bt rice-fed thrips along with Bt rice pollens, except that the fecundity of this predator for KMD1 was distinctly lower as compared with KMD2 or the control. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELIsA） results showed that no Cry1 Ab protein was detected in this predator fed on thrips or rice pollen from Bt rice but was in Bt rice pollens. With the beat plate, plastic bag and color trap sampling methods, two-year field monitoring of O. tantilus abundance demonstrated that Bt rice had no significant detrimental effects on the population dynamics and seasonal average densities of this predatory anthocorid as compared with the control. Thus, it is suggested that growing our tested Bt rice（KMD1 and KMD2） producing Cry1 Ab will pose a negligible risk to the anthocorid, O. tantilus.

关键词： Orius tantilus Btrice Cry1Ab risk assessment non-target effects

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