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Polarization-encoded neural networks with simplified grating patch

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Science China Technological Sciences 2025年

作者： Chengyan ZHONG Xiang WANG Lingfei LI Yuanchi CUI Lei XIAO Dawei SONG Junxiong GUO Wen HUANG Yufeng GUO Yu LIU College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of RF Integration and Micro-Assembly Technology College of Integrated Circuits Hangzhou global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre Zhejiang University Nanjing Mumusili Technology Co. LTD School of Integrated Circuits Tsinghua University Institute of Advanced Study School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Chengdu University State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices School of Integrated Circuit Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China

Optical neural networks (ONNs) offer a promising solution for high-performance, energy-efficient artificial intelligence hardware by leveraging the parallelism and speed of light. However, the large-scale implementation of ONNs remains challenging due to the bulky footprint and complex control of optical synapses. In this work, we propose and simulate a plasmonic polarized synaptic architecture that overcomes the diffraction limit and enables ultra-compact ONNs. By tuning the polarization state of incident light, the optical transmittance through each plasmonic unit can be dynamically adjusted to represent a synaptic weight. Our plasmonic structures, with features as small as 40 nm, operate well below this limit in the visible spectrum (400–750 nm). Compared with diffraction and interference-based circuit designs, our proposed method achieves a substantial reduction in synaptic density by factors of 150000-fold and 1500-fold, respectively. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrate a proof-of-concept plasmonic ONN applied to the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research—10classes (CIFAR-10) dataset using a Visual Geometry Group network with 16 layers (VGG16) model. After training for 80epochs, the network achieves an accuracy of 93%. The polarization-tunable plasmonics paves the way towards scalable ONNs for next-generation artificial intelligence (AI) accelerators and smart sensors.

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On the subtropical Northeast Pacific mixed layer depth and its influence on the subduction

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2018年第3期37卷 51-62页

作者： XIA Ruibin LIU Chengyan CHENG Chen Polar Climate System and global Change Laboratory Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology

The present climate simulations of the mixed layer depth（MLD） and the subduction rate in the subtropical Northeast Pacific are investigated based on nine of the CMIP5 models. Compared with the observation data,spatial patterns of the MLD and the subduction rate are well simulated in these models. The spatial pattern of the MLD is nonuniform, with a local maximum MLD（〉140 m） region centered at（28°N, 135°W） in late winter. The nonuniform MLD pattern causes a strong MLD front on the south of the MLD maximum region, controls the lateral induction rate pattern, and then decides the nonuniform distribution of the subduction rate. Due to the inter-regional difference of the MLD, we divide this area into two regions. The relatively uniform Ekman pumping has little effect on the nonuniform subduction spatial pattern, though it is nearly equal to the lateral induction in values. In the south region, the northward warm Ekman advection（–1.75×10–7 K/s） controls the ocean horizontal temperature advection（–0.85×10–7 K/s）, and prevents the deepening of the MLD. In the ensemble mean, the contribution of the ocean advection to the MLD is about –29.0 m/month, offsetting the sea surface net heat flux contribution（33.9 m/month）. While in the north region, the southward cold advection deepens the MLD（21.4 m/month） as similar as the heat flux（30.4 m/month）. In conclusion, the nonuniform MLD pattern is dominated by the nonuniform ocean horizontal temperature advection. This new finding indicates that the upper ocean current play an important role in the variability of the winter MLD and the subduction rate.

关键词： mixed layer depth mixed layer depth front subduction horizontal temperature advection nonuniform

A dispersed vegetative cover contributes to urban biodiversity:plant diversity across land use types and scale in an Asian city

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第2期34卷 539-551页

作者： Jiefeng Kang Shozo Shibata Laboratory of Landscape Ecology and Planning Graduate School of Global Environmental StudiesKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan

Urbanization provides both challenges and opportunities for biodiversity conservation,but patterns of urban plant diversity across land uses,especially in Asian countries,remains *** determine these patterns of diversity,woody plants in 174 sample quadrats across various land use types in Kyoto City were ***,abundance,and evenness were evaluated at city,land use,and quadrat scales,and biodiversity of different land use types was *** the city level,223 species in 77 families were *** the land use level,residential areas had the highest total biological richness,with moderate to low evenness,while commercial areas exhibited low *** the quadrat level,the low-rise residential area had higher species richness than the other land *** abundance and evenness in quadrats were significantly different across land use types for the canopy layer but not for the *** results provide insights into urban biodiversity design and management by identifying prior land uses for biodiversity improvement and by highlighting the contribution of residential private *** heterogeneity,scale,and multidimensionality should be considered when measuring urban biodiversity.

关键词： Urban biodiversity Woody plants Land uses Residential areas Japan

Multidecadal Trends in Large-Scale Annual Mean SATa Based on CMIP5 Historical Simulations and Future Projections

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Engineering 2017年第1期3卷 136-143页

作者： Nan Xing Jianping Li Lanning Wang College of global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University Belting 100875 China Belting Meteorological Observatory Belting 100089 China Joint Center for global Change Studies Beijing 100875 China

Based on observations and Coupled Model lntercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5） results, multidecadal variations and trends in annual mean surface air temperature anomalies （SATa） at global, hemispheric, and hemispheric land and ocean scales in the past and under the future scenarios of two representative concentration pathways （RCPs） are analyzed. Fifteen models are selected based on their performances in capturing the temporal variability, long-term trend, multidecadal variations, and trends in global annual mean SATa. Observational data analysis shows that the multidecadal variations in annual mean SATa of the land and ocean in the northern hemisphere （NH） and of the ocean in the southern hemisphere （SH） are similar to those of the global mean, showing an increase during the 1900-1944 and 1971-2000 periods, and flattening or even cooling during the 1945-1970 and 2001-2013 periods. These observed characteristics are basically reproduced by the models. However, SATa over SH land show an increase during the 1945-1970 period, which differs from the other hemispheric scales, and this feature is not captured well by the models. For the recent hiatus period （2001-2013）, the projected trends of BCC-CSM1-1-m, CMCC-CM, GFDL-ESM2M, and NorESM1-ME at the global and hemispheric scales are closest to the observations based on RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, suggesting that these four models have better projection capability in SATa. Because these four models are better at simulating and projecting the multidecadal trends of SATa, they are selected to analyze future SATa variations at the global and hemispheric scales during the 2006-2099 period. The selected multi-model ensemble （MME） projected trends in annual mean SATa for the globe, NH, and SH under RCP4.5 （RCP8.5） are 0.17 （0.29） ℃, 0.22 （0.36） ℃, and 0.11 （0.23） ℃-decade-1 in the 21st century, respectively. These values are significantly lower than the projections of CMIP5 MME without model selection.

关键词： Surface air temperature anomalies (SATa) Multidecadal trend Coupled Model lntercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIPS) Projection

Geologic data collection and assessment techniques in coal mining for ground control

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第1期30卷 131-139页

作者： Mark Van Dyke Ted Klemetti Joe Wickline NIOSH Pittsburgh15236 PAUSA Coronado global Resources Inc. BeckleyWVUSA

The identification and mitigation of adverse geologic conditions are critical to the safety and productivity of underground coal mining *** anticipate and mitigate adverse geologic conditions,a formal method to evaluate geotechnical factors must be *** mine is unique and has its own separate approach for defining what an adverse geological condition consists *** collection of geologic data is a first critical step to creating a geological database to map these hazards efficiently and *** considerations must be taken into account,such as lithology of immediate roof and floor strata,seam height,gas and oil wells,faults,depressions in the mine floor(water)and increases in floor elevation(gas),overburden,streams and horizontal stress directions,amongst many other *** geologic data is collected,it can be refined and integrated into a database that can be used to develop maps showing the trend,orientation,and extent of the adverse geological *** information,delivered in a timely manner,allows mining personnel to be proactive in mine planning and support implementations,ultimately reducing the impacts of these *** paper covers geologic exploratory methods,data organization,and the value of collecting and interpreting geologic information in coal mines to enhance safety and *** implementation of the methods described above has been proven effective in predicting and mitigating adverse geologic conditions in underground coal *** re-evaluation of data collection methods,geologic interpretations,mapping procedures,and communication techniques ensures continuous improvement in the accuracy of predictions and mitigation of adverse geologic *** a concise record of the work previously done to track geologic conditions at a mine will allow for the smoothest transition during employee turnover and *** refinements and standardization of data collection methods,

关键词： Roof control Database Mapping Hazards Geology

The potential impact of increased whole grain consumption among Chinese adults on reducing healthcare costs and carbon footprint

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第8期23卷 2842-2852页

作者： Xin Zhang Jingjing Wang Fuli Tan Haixiu Gao Shenggen Fan Academy of global Food Economics and Policy China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China

Excessive consumption of refined grains harms human health and ecosystem *** grains,as a healthy and sustainable alternative to refined grains,can benefit individual health by providing dietary fiber,B vitamins,and bioactive ***,they aid in improving the environment due to their higher extraction rate and lower carbon emission during the processing ***,few studies have attempted to evaluate the economic and social benefits of increasing the amount of whole grain in grain *** paper estimates the potential savings in healthcare costs and reduced food carbon footprints(CFs)that could result from a shift toward whole grain consumption following the Chinese Dietary Guidelines(CDG).We investigate hypothetical scenarios where a certain proportion(5–100%)of Chinese adults could increase their whole grain intakes as proposed by CDG to meet the average shortfall of 30.2 *** that case,the healthcare costs for associated diseases(e.g.,type2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),cardiovascular disease(CVD),and colorectal cancer(CRC))are expected to reduce by a substantial amount,from USD 2.82 to 56.37 billion;the carbon emission levels are also projected to decrease by0.24–5.72 million *** study provides compelling evidence that advocating for the transition towards greater consumption of whole grain products could benefit individual health,the environment,and society,by reducing both healthcare costs and carbon emissions.

关键词： whole grains cost analysis public health life cycle assessment(LCA) carbon footprint

Birds caught in spider webs in Asia

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Chinese Birds 2016年第3期7卷 180-186页

作者： Bruno A.Walther Master Program in global Health and Development College of Public Health Taipei Medical University

A recent global review of birds caught in spider webs reported only three Asian cases. Given this surprisingly low number, I made a concerted effort to obtain additional Asian cases from the literature, the internet, and field workers. I present a total of 56 Asian cases which pertain to 33 bird species. As in the global dataset, mostly small bird species were caught in spider webs, with a mean body mass of 17.5 g and a mean wing chord length of 73.1 mm. Conse?quently, birds with a body mass >30 g were very rarely caught. This Asian review corroborates the global review that smaller birds are more likely to be caught and that Nephila spiders are most likely to be the predators. Continuous monitoring of spider webs is recommended to ascertain the frequency of these events.

关键词： Spider Predator–prey relationships Asia

Penetrating power characteristics of half-wavelength AC transmission in point-to-grid system

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2019年第1期7卷 123-130页

作者： Hanqing LIANG Yadong LIU Lei WAN Gehao SHENG Xiuchen JIANG Department of Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization

With the proposed concept of global energy interconnection, half-wavelength alternating current transmission(HWACT) technology becomes of more *** lines can be adopted to establish a pointto-grid system, in which the penetrating power(PP) is produced between receiving terminals, having a significant effect on the power flow *** order to investigate this phenomenon, the PP characteristics of the HWACT system are researched in this ***, the mathematical relationship between the transmission power and terminal bus voltages of a single HWACT line is derived using the equations of a distributed parameter *** research indicates that the relationship between power and terminal voltages shows ‘‘reverse characteristics"opposite to those of regular short transmission ***, the concept and definition of PP in a point-to-grid system with two receiving terminals are proposed, and the corresponding relationship between PP and the terminal bus voltages is *** are carried out to validate the theory under different conditions, so that the accuracy and adaptiveness of the theoretical analysis can be *** addition, the results demonstrate that selecting the location for a HWACT system has demanding requirements in order to control the value of PP.

关键词： Half-wavelength alternating current transmission(HWACT) Ultra-high voltage Synchronous power grids Penetrating power(PP)

global health education for the post-pandemic years:parity,people,planet,priorities,and practices

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global Health Research and Policy 2022年第1期7卷 585-591页

作者： Kathryn H.Jacobsen Caryl E.Waggett Department of Health Studies University of RichmondRichmondVAUSA Department of global Health Studies Allegheny CollegeMeadvillePAUSA

global health degree programs are now offered by institutions of higher education in most world *** on our review of the curricula for many of these programs,we identified five domains that are central to current global health education.“Parity”emphasizes health equity as the ultimate goal of global health.“People”comprises the social,economic,cultural,and political contributors to health and access to medical care for individuals and communities.“Planet”encompasses various aspects of globalization and environmental health that affect population health.“Priorities”and“practices”include the values,data,and tools used to design,implement,and evaluate partnerships,policies,programs,and other global health interventions in countries of all income *** pandemic is likely to increase student demand for global health education from the undergraduate through the graduate and professional ***“5 Ps model of global health education”provides a comprehensive framework for the core student learning objectives for global health *** of each of these domains is essential for preparing students for meaningful experiential learning and skilled professional practice in global health.

关键词： Educational models global health Professional education