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Influence of Recent Trial History on Interval Timing

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第4期39卷 559-575页

作者： Taorong Xie Can Huang Yijie Zhang Jing Liu Haishan Yao institute of Neuroscience State Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Shanghai Center for brain Science and brain-Inspired intelligence Technology Shanghai 201210China

Interval timing is involved in a variety of cognitive behaviors such as associative learning and decision-making.While it has been shown that time estimation is adaptive to the temporal context,it remains unclear how interval timing behavior is influenced by recent trial history.Here we found that,in mice trained to perform a licking-based interval timing task,a decrease of inter-reinforcement interval in the previous trial rapidly shifted the time of anticipatory licking earlier.Optogenetic inactivation of the anterior lateral motor cortex(ALM),but not the medial prefrontal cortex,for a short time before reward delivery caused a decrease in the peak time of anticipatory licking in the next trial.Electrophysiological recordings from the ALM showed that the response profiles preceded by short and long inter-reinforcement intervals exhibited task-engagement-dependent temporal scaling.Thus,interval timing is adaptive to recent experience of the temporal interval,and ALM activity during time estimation reflects recent experience of interval.

关键词： Peak-interval timing procedure Temporal context Trial history Secondary motor cortex Temporal scaling

Developmental Patterns and Gender Differences of Vocal Production in Marmoset Monkeys

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第1期40卷 133-138页

作者： Ruixin An Chaocheng Lu Chen Wang Liangtang Chang Junfeng Huang Fan Jiang Tian-Le Xu Neng Gong Center for brain Science Shanghai Children's Medical CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200127China Department of Anatomy and Physiology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China Department of Critical Care Medicine Huashan HospitalFudan University12 Middle Wulumuqi RoadShanghai 200040China institute of Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Primate NeurobiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China Lingang Laboratory Shanghai 200031China Shanghai Center for brain Science and brain-Inspired Technology Shanghai 201210China

Dear Editor,The common marmoset(Callithrix jacchus),a small New World monkey species,is considered an ideal non-human primate model for studying the evolution and neural mechanism of vocal behavior due to their rich call repertoire and vocal communication[1-3].Especially,the early vocal development of marmoset monkeys has attracted much attention,because newborn marmosets have been shown to exhibit a vocal development trajectory.Within two months after birth,marmosets'vocalizations undergo dramatic changes from cries to adult-like mature calls,a process that is influenced not only by inner physical maturation but also by parental care and feedback[4].

关键词： parental birth Pattern

An Easily Compatible Eye-tracking System for Freely-moving Small Animals

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2022年第6期38卷 661-676页

作者： Kang Huang Qin Yang Yaning Han Yulin Zhang Zhiyi Wang Liping Wang Pengfei Wei Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for brain Science Guang-dong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and BehaviorCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyBrain Cognition and Brain Disease InstituteShenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research InstitutionsShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China University of Chinese Academy of Seiences Bejing 100049China Harbin institute of Technology Shenzhen Shenzhen 518055.China

Measuring eye movement is a fundamental approach in cognitive science as it provides a variety of insightful parameters that reflect brain states such as visual attention and emotions.Combining eye-tracking with multimodal neural recordings or manipulation techniques is beneficial for understanding the neural substrates of cognitive function.Many commercially-available and custom-built systems have been widely applied to awake,head-fixed small animals.However,the existing eyetracking systems used in freely-moving animals are still limited in terms of their compatibility with other devices and of the algorithm used to detect eye movements.Here,we report a novel system that integrates a general-purpose,easily compatible eye-tracking hardware with a robust eye feature-detection algorithm.With ultra-light hardware and a detachable design,the system allows for more implants to be added to the animal's exposed head and has a precise synchronization module to coordinate with other neural implants.Moreover,we systematically compared the performance of existing commonly-used pupil-detection approaches,and demonstrated that the proposed adaptive pupil feature-detection algorithm allows the analysis of more complex and dynamic eye-tracking data in freemoving animals.Synchronized eye-tracking and electroencephalogram recordings,as well as algorithm validation under five noise conditions,suggested that our system is flexibly adaptable and can be combined with a wide range of neural manipulation and recording technologies.

关键词： Eye-tracking Freely-moving Head-mounted device Pupil detection Adaptive Kalman filter

The Secondary Motor Cortex-striatum Circuit Contributes to Suppressing Inappropriate Responses in Perceptual Decision Behavior

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第10期39卷 1544-1560页

作者： Jing Liu Dechen Liu Xiaotian Pu Kexin Zou Taorong Xie Yaping Li Haishan Yao institute of Neuroscience State Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Shanghai Center for brain Science and brain-Inspired intelligence Technology Shanghai 201210China

The secondary motor cortex(M2)encodes choice-related information and plays an important role in cue-guided actions.M2 neurons innervate the dorsal striatum(DS),which also contributes to decision-making behavior,yet how M2 modulates signals in the DS to influence perceptual decision-making is unclear.Using mice performing a visual Go/No-Go task,we showed that inactivating M2 projections to the DS impaired performance by increasing the false alarm(FA)rate to the reward-irrelevant No-Go stimulus.The choice signal of M2 neurons correlated with behavioral performance,and the inactivation of M2 neurons projecting to the DS reduced the choice signal in the DS.By measuring and manipulating the responses of direct or indirect pathway striatal neurons defined by M2 inputs,we found that the indirect pathway neurons exhibited a shorter response latency to the No-Go stimulus,and inactivating their early responses increased the FA rate.These results demonstrate that the M2-to-DS pathway is crucial for suppressing inappropriate responses in perceptual decision behavior.

关键词： Secondary motor cortex Striatum Visual perceptual decision Choice signal Direct and indirect pathway striatal neurons

Volumetric Imaging of Neural Activity by Light Field Microscopy

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2022年第12期38卷 1559-1568页

作者： Lu Bai Zhenkun Zhang Lichen Ye Lin Cong Yuchen Zhao Tianlei Zhang Ziqi Shi Kai Wang institute of Neuroscience State Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceCenter for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Shanghai Center for brain Science and brain-Inspired intelligence Technology Shanghai 201210China

Recording the highly diverse and dynamic activities in large populations of neurons in behaving animals is crucial for a better understanding of how the brain works.To meet this challenge,extensive efforts have been devoted to developing functional fluorescent indicators and optical imaging techniques to optically monitor neural activity.Indeed,optical imaging potentially has extremely high throughput due to its non-invasive access to large brain regions and capability to sample neurons at high density,but the readout speed,such as the scanning speed in two-photon scanning microscopy,is often limited by various practical considerations.Among different imaging methods,light field microscopy features a highly parallelized 3D fluorescence imaging scheme and therefore promises a novel and faster strategy for functional imaging of neural activity.Here,we briefly review the working principles of various types of light field microscopes and their recent developments and applications in neuroscience studies.We also discuss strategies and considerations of optimizing light field microscopy for different experimental purposes,with illustrative examples in imaging zebrafish and mouse brains.

关键词： Light feld microscopy Volumetric imaging brain activity Calcium imaging Voltage imaging

An Overview and Perspectives On Bidirectional intelligence: Lmser Duality, Double IA Harmony,and Causal Computation

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2019年第4期6卷 865-893页

作者： Lei Xu IEEE the Center for Cognitive Madmnes and Computational Health(CMaCH) School of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Neural Computation research Centre in brain and intelligence Science-Technology institute Shanghai ZhangJiang National Lab

Advances on bidirectional intelligence are overviewed along three threads,with extensions and new perspectives.The first thread is about bidirectional learning architecture,exploring five dualities that enable Lmser six cognitive functions and provide new perspectives on which a lot of extensions and particularlly flexible Lmser are proposed.Interestingly,either or two of these dualities actually takes an important role in recent models such as U-net,ResNet,and Dense Net.The second thread is about bidirectional learning principles unified by best yIng-yAng(IA)harmony in BYY system.After getting insights on deep bidirectional learning from a bird-viewing on existing typical learning principles from one or both of the inward and outward directions,maximum likelihood,variational principle,and several other learning principles are summarised as exemplars of the BYY learning,with new perspectives on advanced topics.The third thread further proceeds to deep bidirectional intelligence,driven by long term dynamics(LTD)for parameter learning and short term dynamics(STD)for image thinking and rational thinking in harmony.Image thinking deals with information flow of continuously valued arrays and especially image sequence,as if thinking was displayed in the real world,exemplified by the flow from inward encoding/cognition to outward reconstruction/transformation performed in Lmser learning and BYY learning.In contrast,rational thinking handles symbolic strings or discretely valued vectors,performing uncertainty reasoning and problem solving.In particular,a general thesis is proposed for bidirectional intelligence,featured by BYY intelligence potential theory(BYY-IPT)and nine essential dualities in architecture,fundamentals,and implementation,respectively.Then,problems of combinatorial solving and uncertainty reasoning are investigated from this BYY IPT perspective.First,variants and extensions are suggested for AlphaGoZero like searching tasks,such as traveling salesman problem(TSP)and attributed graph matching(AGM)that ar

关键词： Autoencoder LMSER duality outward attention associative recall concept formation imagining pattern transformation STD vs LTD RPCL skip connection feedback variational least redundancy Bayesian Ying Yang IA system best harmony best matching image thinking rational thinking intelligence potential theory Alpha-TSP Alpha-AGM graph matching ME Player BYY Follower constraint satisfaction causal potential theory

A cynomolgus monkey with naturally occurring Parkinson's disease

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National Science Review 2021年第3期8卷 17-20页

作者： Hao Li Ling-Yan Su Lixin Yang Min Li Qianjin Liu Zhenhui Li Yan Hu Hongwei Li Shihao Wu Wenchao Wang Yingzhou Hu Zhengbo Wang Joshua D.Rizak Baihui Huang Min Xu Jing Wu Long-Bao Lv Christoph W.Turck Yong Yin Yong-Gang Yao Bing Su Xintian Hu Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Development Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences institute of Neuroscience CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology State Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceChinese Academy of Sciences National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates Kunming Primate Research Center and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility) Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Max Planck institute of Psychiatry Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry Department of Rehabilitation Medicine the Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province Center for Excellence in brain Science and intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences KIZ–CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular research in Common Diseases Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Evidence for the existence of monkeys with spontaneous Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been lacking. Here,we screened macaque colonies at the Kunming Primate research Center(Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care(AAALAC) accredited), Kunming institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, which has a large population of monkeys (>2400), to identify naturally occurring PD monkeys.

关键词： ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN

Neural representation of sexual satiety in mice

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Zoological research 2023年第3期44卷 522-524页

作者： Ming-Juan Li Xiao-Hong Xu institute of Neuroscience State Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Shanghai Center for brain Science and brain-Inspired intelligence Technology Shanghai 200031China

Mating behaviors are controlled by genetically hardwired circuits(Figure 1A),which endow sexually mature animals with the ability to respond appropriately upon encounters with conspecifics of the opposite sex without needing prior training,thereby facilitating propagation of the species(Chen&Hong,2018;Wei et al.,2021;Xiao et al.,2022).When a male mouse meets a female mouse in estrus and wants to initiate mating,he usually shows appetitive investigation by approaching the female and sniffing her genital area;afterward,the male places his forepaws on the back of the female,a behavior called mounting(Figure 1B).

关键词： Figure approaching thereby

Stem cell niche-inspired microcarriers with ADSCs encapsulation for diabetic wound treatment

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第8期26卷 159-168页

作者： Xiangyi Wu Haofang Zhu Junyi Che Ye Xu Qian Tan Yuanjin Zhao Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery Institute of Translational MedicineThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210002China Oujiang Laboratory(Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine Vision and Brain Health)Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhouZhejiang325000China

Stem cell therapies have made great progress in the treatment of diabetic wounds during recent decades,while their short in vivo residence,alloimmune reactions,undesired behaviors,and dramatic losses of cell functions still hinder the translation of them into clinic.Here,inspired by the natural components of stem cell niches,we presented novel microfluidic hydrogel microcarriers with extracellular matrix(ECM)-like composition and adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs)encapsulation for diabetic wound healing.As the hydrogel was synthesized by conjugating hyaluronic acid methacryloyl(HAMA)onto the Fibronectin(FN)molecule chain(FN-HAMA),the laden ADSCs in the microcarriers showed improved bioactivities and pro-regenerative capabilities.Based on these features,we have demonstrated that these ADSCs microcarriers exhibited significant promotion of neovascularization,follicular rejuvenation,and collagen deposition in a mouse diabetic wound model.These results indicated that the stem cell niche-inspired FN-HAMA microcarriers with ADSCs encapsulation have great clinical potential for diabetic wound treatment.

关键词： Stem cell Bio-inspired Microfluidics Microcarrier Wound healing Hydrogel