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A review of Mott insulator in memristors:The materials,characteristics,applications for future computing systems and neuromorphic computing

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Nano research 2023年第1期16卷 1165-1182页

作者： Yunfeng Ran Yifei Pei Zhenyu Zhou Hong Wang Yong Sun Zhongrong Wang Mengmeng Hao Jianhui Zhao Jingsheng Chen Xiaobing Yan Key Laboratory of brain-like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei Province College of Electronic and Information EngineeringInstitute of Life Science and Green DevelopmentHebei UniversityBaoding 071002China Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117576Singapore

Mott insulator material,as a kind of strongly correlated electronic system with the characteristic of a drastic change in electrical conductivity,shows excellent application prospects in neuromorphological calculations and has attracted significant attention in the scientific community.Especially,computing systems based on Mott insulators can overcome the bottleneck of separated data storage and calculation in traditional artificial intelligence systems based on the von Neumann architecture,with the potential to save energy,increase operation speed,improve integration,scalability,and three-dimensionally stacked,and more suitable to neuromorphic computing than a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor.In this review,we have reviewed Mott insulator materials,methods for driving Mott insulator transformation(pressure-,voltage-,and temperature-driven approaches),and recent relevant applications in neuromorphic calculations.The results in this review provide a path for further study of the applications in neuromorphic calculations based on Mott insulator materials and the related devices.

关键词： Mott insulator the strongly correlated electronic system memristor neuromorphological calculations

Silicon-based epitaxial ferroelectric memristor for high temperature operation in self-assembled vertically aligned BaTiO_(3)-CeO_(2) films

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Nano research 2022年第10期15卷 9654-9662页

作者： Xiaobing Yan Hongwei Yan Gongjie Liu Jianhui Zhao Zhen Zhao Hong Wang Haidong He Mengmeng Hao Zhaohua Li Lei Wang Wei Wang Zixuan Jian Jiaxin Li Jingsheng Chen Key Laboratory of brain-like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei Province College of Electronic and Information EngineeringInstitute of Life Science and Green DevelopmentHebei UniversityBaoding 071002China Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore117575Singapore

Ferroelectric memristors,as one of the most potential non-volatile memory to meet the rapid development of the artificial intelligence era,have the comprehensive function of simulating brain storage and calculation.However,due to the high dielectric loss of traditional ferroelectric materials,the durability of ferroelectric memristors and Si based integration have a great challenge.Here,we report a silicon-based epitaxial ferroelectric memristor based on self-assembled vertically aligned nanocomposites BaTiO_(3)(BTO)-CeO_(2) films.The BTO-CeO_(2) memristors exhibit a stable resistance switching behavior at a high temperature of 100℃ due to higher Curie temperatures of BTO-CeO_(2) films with in-plane compressive strain.And the endurance of the device can reach the order of magnitude of 1×106 times.More importantly,the device has excellent functions for simulating artificial synaptic behavior,including excitatory post-synaptic current,paired-pulse facilitation,paired-pulse depression,spike-time-dependent plasticity,and short and long-term plasticity.Digits recognition ability of the memristor devices is evaluated though a single-layer perceptron model,in which recognition accuracy of digital can reach 86.78%after 20 training iterations.These results provide new way for epitaxial composite ferroelectric films as memristor medium with high temperature intolerance and better durability integrated on silicon.

关键词： ferroelectric memristor self-assembled BaTiO_(3)-CeO_(2) synaptic behavior

FTO stabilizes MIS12 and counteracts senescence

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Protein & Cell 2022年第12期13卷 954-960页

作者： Sheng Zhang Zeming Wu Yue Shi Si Wang Jie Ren Zihui Yu Daoyuan Huang Kaowen Yan Yifang He Xiaoqian Liu Qianzhao Ji Beibei Liu Zunpeng Liu Jing Qu Guang-Hui Liu Weimin Ci Xiaoqun Wang Weiqi Zhang State Key Laboratory of brain and Cognitive Science CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyInstitute of Brain-Intelligence Technology(Shanghai)Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Beijing institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Beijing 100101China CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine Beijing Institute of GenomicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China China National Center for Bioinformation Beijing 100101China Advanced Innovation Center for Human brain Protection and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China Aging translational Medicine Center International Center for Aging and CancerXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China Chongqing Renji Hospital University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400062China Sino-Danish College University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Beijing institute for brain Disorders Beijing 100069China

Dear Editor, N6-methyladenosine(m6A)is an abundant epitranscriptomic modification that regulates messenger RNA(mRNA)biology.The m6A modification regulates mRNA splicing,transport,stability,and translation through coordinated activities by methyltransferases(writers),binding proteins(readers),and demethylases(erasers)(Huang et al.,2020;Wu et al.,2020).Among m6A regulators,fat mass of obesity-associ-ated protein(FTO),is the first discovered eraser with RNA m6A demethylation activity(Jia et al.,2011).Since then,FTO has been reported to play m6A-dependent roles in a variety of physiological processes including adipogenesis,neuro-genesis and tumorigenesis(Fischer et al.,2009;Li et al.,2017;Huang et al.,2020).Consequently,FTO deficiency in mice leads to dramatic phenotypes,such as decreased fat mass and impaired brain development(Fischer et al.,2009;Li et al.,2017).Similarly,inhibition of FTO reduces tumori-genesis in multiple types of cancer models,while FTO is highly expressed in many cancers(Huang et al.,2020).

关键词： Fischer impaired

Modulation of Neuronal Activity and Saccades at Theta Rhythm During Visual Search in Non-human Primates

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2022年第10期38卷 1183-1198页

作者： Jin Xie Ting Yan Jie Zhang Zhengyu Ma Huihui Zhou The brain Cognition and brain Disease institute Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research InstitutionsShenzhen518055China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China The research Center for Artificial intelligence Peng Cheng LaboratoryShenzhen518000China

Active exploratory behaviors have often been associated with theta oscillations in rodents,while theta oscillations during active exploration in non-human primates are still not well understood.We recorded neural activities in the frontal eye field(FEF)and V4 simultaneously when monkeys performed a free-gaze visual search task.Saccades were strongly phase-locked to theta oscillations of V4 and FEF local field potentials,and the phase-locking was dependent on saccade direction.The spiking probability of V4 and FEF units was significantly modulated by the theta phase in addition to the time-locked modulation associated with the evoked response.V4 and FEF units showed significantly stronger responses following saccades initiated at their preferred phases.Granger causality and ridge regression analysis showed modulatory effects of theta oscillations on saccade timing.Together,our study suggests phase-locking of saccades to the theta modulation of neural activity in visual and oculomotor cortical areas,in addition to the theta phase locking caused by saccade-triggered responses.

关键词： Visual search Saccade Theta rhythm FEF V4 Non-human primate

The Oncogenesis of Glial Cells in Diffuse Gliomas and Clinical Opportunities

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第3期39卷 393-408页

作者： Qiyuan Zhuang Hui Yang Ying Mao Department of Neurosurgery Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China National Center for Neurological Disorders Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China Shanghai Key Laboratory of brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China institute for translational brain research Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for brain Science Institute for Translational Brain ResearchInstitutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Neurosurgical institute of Fudan University Shanghai 200032China

Glioma is the most common and lethal intrinsic primary tumor of the brain.Its controversial origins may contribute to its heterogeneity,creating challenges and difficulties in the development of therapies.Among the components constituting tumors,glioma stem cells are highly plastic subpopulations that are thought to be the site of tumor initiation.Neural stem cells/progenitor cells and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells are possible lineage groups populating the bulk of the tumor,in which gene mutations related to cell-cycle or metabolic enzymes dramatically affect this transformation.Novel approaches have revealed the tumor-promoting properties of distinct tumor cell states,glial,neural,and immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment.Communication between tumor cells and other normal cells manipulate tumor progression and influence sensitivity to therapy.Here,we discuss the heterogeneity and relevant functions of tumor cell state,microglia,monocyte-derived macrophages,and neurons in glioma,highlighting their bilateral effects on tumors.Finally,we describe potential therapeutic approaches and targets beyond standard treatments.

关键词： Glioma origin Stem/progenitor cell Oncometabolite Immune heterogeneity Neuron-tumor interaction

The Neural Mechanism of Knowledge Assembly in the Human brain Inspires Artificial intelligence Algorithm

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第2期40卷 280-282页

作者： Xiang Ji Wentao Jiang Xiaoru Zhang Ming Song Shan Yu Tianzi Jiang University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China brainnetome Center Institute of AutomationThe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Laboratory of brain Atlas and brain-inspired intelligence Institute of AutomationThe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China CAS Center for Excellence in brain Science and intelligence Technology The Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China research Center for Augmented intelligence Zhejiang LabHangzhou 311100China

When new information enters the brain,a human's prior knowledge of the world can change rapidly through a process referred to as"knowledge assembly".Recently,Nelli et al.investigated the neural correlates of knowledge assembly in the human brain using functional MRI.Further,inspired by the neural mechanism,the authors developed an artificial neural network algorithm to permit rapid knowledge assembly,improving the flexibility of the system[1].Once again,this research demonstrates that studying how the brain works can lead to better computational algorithms.

关键词： neural knowledge artificial

Rhesus monkeys exhibiting spontaneous ritualistic behaviors resembling obsessive-compulsive disorder

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National Science Review 2023年第11期10卷 34-44页

作者： Rongwei Zhai Geya Tong Zheqin Li Weichen Song Yang Hu Sha Xu Qiqi Wei Xiaocheng Zhang Yi Li Bingbing Liao Chenyu Yuan Yinqing Fan Ge Song Yinyin Ouyang Wenxuan Zhang Yaqiu Tang Minghui Jin Yuxian Zhang He Li Zhi Yang Guan Ning Lin Dan J.Stein Zhi-Qi Xiong Zhen Wang Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine institute of Neuroscience State Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Lingang Laboratory 4. Shanghai Center for brain Science and brain-Inspired Technology translational Neuropsychiatry Unit(TNU) Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus University Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders Shanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine

Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD) is a chronic and debilitating psychiatric disorder that affects ～2%–3% of the population globally. Studying spontaneous OCD-like behaviors in non-human primates may improve our understanding of the disorder. In large rhesus monkey colonies, we found 10 monkeys spontaneously exhibiting persistent sequential motor behaviors(SMBs) in individual-specific sequences that were repetitive, time-consuming and stable over prolonged periods. Genetic analysis revealed severely damaging mutations in genes associated with OCD risk in humans. brain imaging showed that monkeys with SMBs had larger gray matter(GM) volumes in the left caudate nucleus and lower fractional anisotropy of the corpus callosum. The GM volume of the left caudate nucleus correlated positively with the daily duration of SMBs. Notably, exposure to a stressor(human presence) significantly increased SMBs. In addition, fluoxetine, a serotonergic medication commonly used for OCD, decreased SMBs in these monkeys. These findings provide a novel foundation for developing better understanding and treatment of OCD.

关键词： obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) primate ritualistic behavior model OCD risk genes caudate nucleus fluoxetine

原发性衰老相关性tau病在中国人群中的临床病理学研究

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2020年第3期21卷 256-263页

作者： Xin WANG Lei ZHANG Hui LU Juan-li WU Hua-zheng LIANG Chong LIU Qing-qing TAO Zhi-ying WU Ke-qing ZHU China brain Bank and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Provinceand Department of NeurobiologySchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Pathology School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Neurology Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200081China Department of Neurology Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like IntelligenceShanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200081China brain Structure and Function Group Neuroscience Research AustraliaRandwick 2031Australia

目的:分析中国人群中原发性衰老相关性tau病(PART)的临床病理学特点,并比较其与老年性痴呆之间的差异。创新点:PART为新近提出的概念,其与老年性痴呆的关系尚存在争论。目前未见针对中国人群PART的相关报道。本文首次报道了浙江大学医... 详细信息

目的:分析中国人群中原发性衰老相关性tau病(PART)的临床病理学特点,并比较其与老年性痴呆之间的差异。创新点:PART为新近提出的概念,其与老年性痴呆的关系尚存在争论。目前未见针对中国人群PART的相关报道。本文首次报道了浙江大学医学院中国人脑库中的PART的临床病理学特点。方法:回顾性分析相关病例,严格纳入标准。PART在中国人群中常见,50岁以上人群占47%。平均年龄(76±12)岁,女性14例(30%),男性32例(70%)。免疫组织化学法显示,按磷酸化tau的Braak分期,PART大多为I到Ш期。异常蛋白TDP43和p62在PART中高表达,分别为67%和70%;在老年性痴呆中分别为83%和83%。TDP43和p62共表达在PART为55%,在老年性痴呆为79%。其中海马为PART常见累及部位,TDP43为61%,p62为63%。仅4%的PART患者表现为轻度认知障碍。结论:PART在中国人群中常见;PART大多无明显痴呆症状;异常蛋白TDP43和p62在PART中高表达,与老年性痴呆相比存在差异。

关键词：原发性衰老相关性tau病(PART) 老年性痴呆 Tau蛋白 TDP43 p62

A survey of music emotion recognition

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2022年第6期16卷 51-61页

作者： Donghong HAN Yanru KONG Jiayi HAN Guoren WANG School of Computer Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang110000China institute of Science and Technology brain-Inspired intelligence Fudan UniversityShanghai200082China School of Computer Science&Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100089China

Music is the language of emotions.In recent years,music emotion recognition has attracted widespread attention in the academic and industrial community since it can be widely used in fields like recommendation systems,automatic music composing,psychotherapy,music visualization,and so on.Especially with the rapid development of artificial intelligence,deep learning-based music emotion recognition is gradually becoming mainstream.This paper gives a detailed survey of music emotion recognition.Starting with some preliminary knowledge of music emotion recognition,this paper first introduces some commonly used evaluation metrics.Then a three-part research framework is put forward.Based on this three-part research framework,the knowledge and algorithms involved in each part are introduced with detailed analysis,including some commonly used datasets,emotion models,feature extraction,and emotion recognition algorithms.After that,the challenging problems and development trends of music emotion recognition technology are proposed,and finally,the whole paper is summarized.

关键词： artificial intelligence deep learning music emotion recognition