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Could wastewater analysis be a useful tool for China?——A review

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第1期27卷 70-79页

作者： Jianfa Gao Jake O'Brien Foon Yin Lai Alexander L.N.van Nuijs Jun He Jochen F.Mueller Jingsha Xu Phong K.Thai Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China National Research centre for Environmental Toxicology The University of Queensland toxicological Center University of Antwerp

Analysing wastewater samples is an innovative approach that overcomes many limitations of traditional surveys to identify and measure a range of chemicals that were consumed by or exposed to people living in a sewer catchment area. First conceptualised in 2001, much progress has been made to make wastewater analysis（WWA） a reliable and robust tool for measuring chemical consumption and/or exposure. At the moment, the most popular application of WWA, sometimes referred as sewage epidemiology, is to monitor the consumption of illicit drugs in communities around the globe, including China. The approach has been largely adopted by law enforcement agencies as a device to monitor the temporal and geographical patterns of drug consumption. In the future, the methodology can be extended to other chemicals including biomarkers of population health（e.g. environmental or oxidative stress biomarkers, lifestyle indicators or medications that are taken by different demographic groups） and pollutants that people are exposed to（e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,perfluorinated chemicals, and toxic pesticides）. The extension of WWA to a huge range of chemicals may give rise to a field called sewage chemical-information mining（SCIM） with unexplored potentials. China has many densely populated cities with thousands of sewage treatment plants which are favourable for applying WWA/SCIM in order to help relevant authorities gather information about illicit drug consumption and population health status. However, there are some prerequisites and uncertainties of the methodology that should be addressed for SCIM to reach its full potential in China.

关键词： Drug consumption Wastewater analysis Biomarkers Population health

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The use of wastewater analysis in forensic intelligence:drug consumption comparison between Sydney and different European cities

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Forensic Sciences Research 2019年第2期4卷 141-151页

作者： Anne Bannwarth Marie Morelato Lisa Benaglia Frederic Been Pierre Esseiva Olivier Delemont Claude Roux centre for Forensic Science University of Technology SydneyBroadwayNSWAustralia School of Criminal Justice University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland Department of Pharmaceutical Science Toxicological CentreUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium

Wastewater analysis offers objective and complementary information to illicit drug agencies by monitoring patterns of illicit drug *** this study,wastewater samples from three different wastewater treatment plants in Sydney,Australia were collected in March *** targeted drugs were analysed and temporal and geographical analyses were performed to obtain a better understanding of the type and amount of illicit drugs consumed in Sydney in comparison with similar studies conducted around Australia and in *** the targeted drugs,methamphetamine was consumed the most,followed by cocaine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine(MDMA).Weekly patterns were observed where a peak during the weekend was *** geographical analysis showed differences between the regions *** observation may be related to socio-demographic *** comparison of our study to other data sources from Australia showed a high consumption of methamphetamine in Sydney and Western *** comparison between Sydney and different European cities revealed a difference in consumption,which is in line with traditional market *** information obtained through wastewater analysis provides complementary information regarding illicit drug consumption,the size,and the evolution of the illicit drug ***,ultimately,will assist authorities in making informed decisions.

关键词： Forensic sciences wastewater-based epidemiology illicit drug consumption forensic intelligence

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Development of an analytical method based on solid-phase extraction and LC-MS/MS for the monitoring of current-use pesticides and their metabolites in human urine

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第1期34卷 153-163页

作者： Beibei Gao Giulia Poma Govindan Malarvannan Catalina Dumitrascu Michiel Bastiaensen Minghua Wang Adrian Covaci toxicological centre University of AntwerpWilrijk 2610Belgium Department of Pesticide Science College of Plant ProtectionState and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and ApplicationNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Pyrethroids,organophosphorus pesticides and fipronil have been listed as priority chemicals in human biomonitoring studies because of their wide use and potential health effects in *** determination of 13 pesticides,including pyrethroids(deltamethrin,cypermethrin,permethrin,cyfluthrin,bifenthrin),organophosphorus(chlorpyrifos,chlorpyrifosmethyl,and malathion),fipronil,neonicotinoids(imidacloprid,acetamiprid and thiacloprid)and triazole(prothioconazole),together with 13 corresponding metabolites in human urine samples was achieved by solid-phase extraction and analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass *** targeted compounds,except malathion dicarboxylic acid,were measured with a mean within-accuracy(n=5)of 71%–114%(RSD:1%–14%)and between-run(n=15)accuracy of 80%–118%(RSD:2%–14%).Limits of quantitation of the targeted analytes ranged from 0.1 to 16 pg/m *** detection result of urine samples from 25 volunteers indicated that the detection frequencies of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol(median:448 pg/m L),6-chloropyridine-3-carboxylic acid(median:193 pg/m L),2-methyl-3-phenylbenzoic acid(median:181 pg/m L),3-phenoxybenzoic acid(median:99 pg/m L),2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol(median:77 pg/m L),cyfluthrin(median:59 pg/m L),cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid(cis-DCCA,median:53 pg/m L),trans-DCCA(median:25 pg/m L),prothioconazole(median:21 pg/m L),imidacloprid(median:7 pg/m L),and prothioconazole-desthio(median:1 pg/m L)were>50%.The obtained results show that the validated method is suitable for the human biomonitoring of these currentuse pesticides and their metabolites.

关键词： Pyrethroids Organophosphorus Fipronil Neonicotinoids Urine Biomonitoring

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Chloramination of wastewater effluent: Toxicity and formation of disinfection byproducts

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 135-145页

作者： Julien Le Roux Michael J.Plewa Elizabeth D.Wagner Maolida Nihemaiti Azra Dad Jean-Philippe Croué LEESU(UMR MA 102) Université Paris-Est–AgroParisTech Department of Crop Sciences the Global Safe Water InstituteUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Curtin Water Quality Research centre Department of ChemistryCurtin University US Food and Drug Administration National Center for toxicological Research

The reclamation and disinfection of waters impacted by human activities（e.g., wastewater effluent discharges） are of growing interest for various applications but has been associated with the formation of toxic nitrogenous disinfection byproducts（N-DBPs）. Monochloramine used as an alternative disinfectant to chlorine can be an additional source of nitrogen in the formation of N-DBPs. Individual toxicity assays have been performed on many DBPs, but few studies have been conducted with complex mixtures such as wastewater effluents. In this work, we compared the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of wastewater effluent organic matter（Ef OM） before and after chloramination. The toxicity of chloraminated Ef OM was significantly higher than the toxicity of raw Ef OM, and the more hydrophobic fraction（HPO）isolated on XAD-8 resin was more toxic than the fraction isolated on XAD-4 *** DBPs were also isolated on the XAD-8 resin. N-DBPs（i.e., haloacetonitriles or haloacetamides） were responsible for the majority of the cytotoxicity estimated from DBP concentrations measured in the XAD-8 and XAD-4 fractions（99.4% and 78.5%, respectively）.Measured DBPs accounted for minor proportions of total brominated and chlorinated products, which means that many unknown halogenated compounds were formed and can be responsible for a significant part of the toxicity. Other non-halogenated byproducts（e.g.,nitrosamines） may contribute to the toxicity of chloraminated effluents as well.

关键词： Disinfection byproducts Chloramination Toxicity Wastewater XAD resins Haloacetonitriles Haloacetamides

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Influence of cultural factors on choice of childbirth place among women in Oyigbo Local Government Area,Rivers State,Nigeria

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Journal of Integrative Nursing 2023年第1期5卷 37-42页

作者： Ngozi Afulenu OBIKA-NDIRI Chizoma Millicent NDIKOM Ogochukwu Immaculate OBIKA Omineokuma Tubonemi ASEMINASO African centre of Excellence for Public Health and toxicological Research(Ace-Putor) University of Port-HarcourtPort-HarcourtRivers StateNigeria Department of Nursing College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanOyo StateNigeria Department of Pharmacognosy College of MedicineUniversity of LagosLagosNigeria

Objectives:This study aims to ascertain if cultural factors influence the childbirth place choice of women in *** and Methods:The study used a cross‑sectional study design using a self‑structured questionnaire as the instrument to collect data from 384 volunteers through simple random sampling,and these data were analyzed using frequency and percentage for descriptive statistics while Chi‑square was used for inferential statistics at 0.05 level of ***:The influence of cultural factors such as family traditions(χ^(2)=12.56,P=0.006),beliefs(χ^(2)=70.66,P=0.000),lack of confidence in health facilities(χ^(2)=367.83,P=0.000),and the presence of male skilled birth attendants(χ^(2)=50.85,P=0.000)were statistically significant to the choice of childbirth place,while patriarchal system(χ^(2)=2.99,P=0.393)was not statistically significant to the choices of childbirth places of women in *** had a statistically significant influence on childbirth place(χ^(2)=125.46,P=0.000).Conclusion:This study shows that religious and cultural factors have a significant influence on the childbirth place choices of women in Oyigbo Local Government Area of Rivers State.

关键词： Birthplace childbirth cultural factors maternal mortality Oyigbo women’s health

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Beta-HCG Levels and Ovarian Ultrasonography Results among Non-Pregnant Women of Reproductive Age in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 233-241页

作者： Celine C. Agonsi Francis Anacletus Joel Aluko Chinemerem Eleke Joy C. Samuel African centre of Public Health and toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR) University of Port Harcourt Choba Nigeria Department of Nursing Science University of Port Harcourt Choba Nigeria

Background: Certain ovarian cancers that were previously common in postmenopausal women are now increasingly observed in women of reproductive age. The research on using β-HCG as a diagnostic biomarker for ovarian cancer in women of reproductive age is ongoing. Aim: This study assessed the level of serum β-HCG in non-pregnant women of reproductive age and determined its potential association with suspicious ovarian ultrasonography results. Methods: The study was conducted in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. This study adopted a cross-sectional design on a quota sample of 224 case notes of women aged 18 - 40 years obtained from eight diagnostic centres. A data extraction form was used for data collection. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, and Odds Ratio at 95% confidence and 5% significance levels. Results: About 5.8% of the participants exhibited detectable levels of serum β-HCG above 5 IU/L (World Health Organization reference) at a mean concentration of 5.87 (±1.75) IU/L. About 4.0% of the participants had suspicious ovarian lesions identified through ultrasonography. Participants with elevated serum β-HCG levels above the WHO reference were 59 times more likely to have suspicious ovarian lesions (Odds ratio: 59.4, 95%CI: 12.3 - 287.8, p β-HCG level and age (p = 0.041) as well as parity (p Conclusion: Serum β-HCG levels above the WHO reference in non-pregnant women were associated with suspicious ovarian lesions. More rigorous primary research, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses are needed to confirm the findings of this study.

关键词： Biomarkers Ovarian Cancer Pregnancy Ultrasonography

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Hyphenated Techniques in Liquid Chromatography and their Applications in Forensic Toxicology:A Review

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2021年第4期7卷 123-136页

作者： Sachil Kumar Maciej J.Bogusz Department of Forensic SciencesNaif Arab University for Security Sciences College of Criminal Justice Naif Arab University for Security Sciences Royal Clinics King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research centre Royal Toxicological LaboratoryRiyadhSaudi Arabiainstitute of Forensic MedicineAachen University of TechnologyAachenGermany

Conventional analytical methods,such as gas chromatography,high performance liquid chromatography(LC),ultra-violet,and others,are ineffective in addressing the increasing number of problems in forensic *** analytical methods,wherein the separation method are coupled or combined with spectral methods,with the help of a proper interface,are the available alternative *** key benefits of these methods are the requisites of low limits for detection,shorter analytical time,the possibility of automation,better reproducibility,and high precision and *** review discusses on some of the hyphenated analytical methods that involve LC as the separation tool,for their most recent applications in the area of forensic toxicology focusing on the screening of drugs of abuse,the usage of alternative matrices for monitoring drug abuse,analysis of chemical warfare agents,determination of doping agents and related substances,natural toxins,environmental poisons,and examination of food produce *** incorporation of the more user-friendly LC-interfaces,such as atmospheric pressure chemical ionization,and electrospray ionization in the LC-mass spectrometry has increased the popularity of this technique tremendously among scientists of different *** approaches have extremely low constraints regarding the identification and quantification,and offer high reproducibility,with unparalleled potential.

关键词： Chemical warfare agents chromatography drug abuse forensic toxicology hazardous substances high-pressure liquid mass spectrometry

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Comparison of the effects of different protocols on the particle size distribution of TiO_2 dispersions

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Particuology 2015年第2期13卷 35-44页

作者： Ratna Tantra Aneta Sikora Nanna B.Hartmann Juan Riego Sintes Kenneth N.Robinson National Physical Laboratory European Commission DG Joint Research Centre

There is a need to standardize methods associated with the dispersion of nanomaterials in nano（eco）toxicological investigations. The first step toward this goal is to understand the degree of variability that exists in nanomaterial dispersions prepared by using different protocols. Using two case studies, the degree of variability in TiO2 nanomaterial dispersions was assessed by differential centrifugal sedimentation （DCS） methods. Case study 1 addresses the variability that arises from variations within one protocol, investigating the effects of dispersion aging, sonication exposure time, sonication in the presence/absence of an ice bath, material subsampling, particle concentration and having a pre-wetting step. Case study 2 addresses the variability between four different protocols developed through past research activities and projects. The results indicate that there is a large degree of variability （relative standard deviation （RSD） of mean particle diameter = 26%） in the dispersion ofTiO2 nanornaterials between the four different protocols studied and that several steps in a dispersion protocol are potential sources of variation, with final particle concentration being the most significant. The implication of this study is clear： for the purpose of data comparability, there is a need to provide the exact details of all steps involved in a dispersion protocol.

关键词： Nanoparticle Dispersion Protocol Differential centrifugal sedimentation Nano(eco)toxicology

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Occurrence of emerging flame retardants from e-waste recycling activities in the northern part of Vietnam

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Emerging Contaminants 2016年第2期2卷 58-65页

作者： Masayuki Someya Go Suzuki Alin C.Ionas Nguyen Minh Tue Fuchao Xu Hidenori Matsukami Adrian Covaci Le Huu Tuyen Pham Hung Viet Shin Takahashi Shinsuke Tanabe Hidetaka Takigami Tokyo Metropolitan Research Institute for Environmental Protection 1-7-5 Shinsuna KotoTokyo 136-0075Japan Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research National Institute for Environmental Studies(NIES)16-2 OnogawaTsukuba 305-8506Japan toxicological centre University of AntwerpUniversiteitsplein 12610 WilrijkBelgium Center for Marine Environmental Studies Ehime University2-5 Bunkyo-choMatsuyama 790-8577Japan centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development Hanoi University of Science334 Nguyen TraiHanoiViet Nam

This study investigated the contamination status of 21 emerging flame retardants(FRs)in soils(n=32)and river sediments(n=8)from an e-waste recycling(EWR)site in the northern part of *** analyzed FRs,higher levels of decabromodiphenyl ethane(DBDPE)(NDe4200 ng/g dw),1,2-bis-(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane(BTBPE)(NDe350 ng/g dw)and Dechlorane Plus isomers(DPs)(NDe65 ng/g dw)were found in soils near EWR workshops and open burning *** highest concentrations of DBDPE(20 ng/g dw),BTBPE(5.7 ng/g dw)and DPs(6.7 ng/g dw)were also detected in sediments collected from the middle of the EWR *** levels decreased concomitantly with increasing distance from the EWR *** results indicate that these FRs were released to the surrounding environment from improper recycling activities,such as manual dismantling of devices and open burning of ***,the estimated daily intakes of those FRs via soil ingestion were approximately ten times higher for children than *** our knowledge,this is a first comprehensive study on characterization of soil and sediment contamination by a series of emerging FRs at an EWR site in Vietnam.

关键词： Emerging flame retardants e-waste Soil Sediment Vietnam

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Residential energy transition and chronic respiratory diseases

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The Innovation 2024年第3期5卷 33-43页

作者： Hongcheng Wei Qiurun Yu Danrong Chen Mingzhi Zhang Quanquan Guan Bo Hang Antoine M.Snijders Adrian Covaci Yankai Xia State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health Center for Global HealthSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166China Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166China The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Wuxi People’s HospitalWuxi Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityWuxi 214023China Biological Systems and Engineering Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA toxicological centre University of Antwerp2610 WilrijkBelgium

Obtaining clean energy is of prime importance for planetary health and sustainable *** aimed to assess the association between residential energy transition and the risk of chronic respiratory *** data from the Global Health Observatory and Global Burden of Diseases,Injuries,and Risk Factors Study,we delineated the spatial distribution and temporal trends of the population using clean fuels for cooking at a global *** the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,we performed rigorous and well-structured multistage analyses incorporating both cross-sectional and prospective data analyses to examine the associations between solid fuel use,residential energy transition,duration of solid fuel use,and the risk of chronic respiratory *** great progress,huge disparities in access to clean energy persist *** energy transition was associated with a lower risk of chronic respiratory *** the period of 2011–2013,compared with persistent solid fuel users,both participants who switched from solid to clean fuels(adjusted risk ratio[RR]0.78,95%confidence interval[CI]0.62–0.98)and persistent clean fuel users(adjusted RR 0.71,95%CI 0.57–0.89)had significantly lower risk of chronic respiratory diseases(p<0.001 for trend).Consistent associations were observed in the period of 2011–2015 and 2011–*** energy transition from solid to clean fuels could reduce the risk of chronic respiratory *** is a valuable lesson for policy-makers and the general public to accelerate energy switching to alleviate the burden of chronic respiratory diseases and achieve health benefits,particularly in low-and middle-income countries.

关键词： cooking income globally

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