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SIZE MATTERS:PITCH DIMENSIONS CONSTRAIN INTERACTIVE TEAM BEHAVIOUR IN SOCCER

Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2013年第1期26卷 85-93页

作者： FRENCKEN Wouter VAN DER PLAATS Jorrit VISSCHER Chris LEMMINK Koen University Medical Center Groningen University of GroningenCenter for Human Movement Sciences Hanze University of Applied Sciences School of Sports Studies football club Groningen

Pitch size varies in official soccer matches and differently sized pitches are adopted for tactical purposes in small-sided training games. Since interactive team behaviour emerges under constraints, the authors evaluate the effect of pitch size （task） manipulations on interactive team behaviour in small-sided soccer games. Four 4-a-side （plus goalkeepers） small-sided games were played： a reference game （30×20 m）, length manipulation （24×20 m）, width manipulation （30×16 m）, and a combina- tion （2× 16 m）. Using position data （100Hz）, three measures quantifying the teams＇ interaction were calculated： longitudinal inter-team distance, laterM inter-team distance, and surface area difference. Means and standard deviations, correlations and coupling values were calculated. Running correlations were calculated over a 3-s window to evaluate interaction patterns. As expected, a shorter pitch results in smaller longitudinal inter-team distance, lateral inter-team distance decreased for narrow pitches, and smaller total playing area resulted in decreased surface area. Unanticipated, a crossover effect was present; length and width manipulations also triggered changes in lateral and longitudinal direction respectively. Inter-team distances and surface area difference differed significantly across conditions. Interaction patterns differed across conditions for all measures. So, highly tactically relevant, soccer teams seem to adapt their interactive behaviour according to pitch size in small-sided gaines.

关键词： Constraints dynamics performance analysis small-sided games tactics.

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Mind the “Gap”: A Comparison of the Weekly Training Loads of English Premier League Academy Soccer Players in Under 23, Under 18 and Under 16 Age-Groups

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第1期5卷 34-43页

作者： Jonathan M.Taylor Jonathan L.Madden Frances Hunter Ben J.Thorne Shaun J.McLaren School of Health and Life Sciences Teesside UniversityMiddlesbroughUK Leeds United football club LeedsUK Middlesbrough football club MiddlesbroughUK Hintsa Performance LondonUK Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences Durham UniversityDurhamUK

Purpose The transition into full-time training represents a key period in the development of young soccer *** we compared the weekly training loads(matches,field-,and resistance-training)of English Premier-League Academy soccer players from under-16(U16),under-18(U18)and under-23(U23)age-groups during a training *** Forty players(U16 n=13,U18 n=15 and U23 n=12)were monitored using global navigation satellite systems and differential ratings of perceived exertion(dRPE).External load metrics were total distance,high-speed running distance,[absolute:≥19.8 km/h,relative:≥87%of 30-15 final-velocity(vIFT)],sprint distance(absolute:≥25.2 km/h,relative:≥80%maximal sprint speed),and dynamic stress *** load metrics were dRPE training *** Other than relative sprint distance,overall weekly external training loads were substantially greater for U18s and U23s when compared with U16s[effect size range:1.09-1.99(moderate to large);±90%confidence limits~0.45].When compared with U16s,overall internal loads were substantially greater for U18s[0.69-0.95(moderate);±~0.40],but not *** in weekly training loads between U18s and U23s were *** Substantial differences in training loads between elite U16 players and their older counterparts,indicates the need for planned increases in training loads in anticipation of the transition into full-time training.

关键词： Team-sports RPE LTAD Individualised training Training load

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British Soccer Academy Personnel Perceive Psychological and Technical/Tactical Attributes as the Most Important Contributors to Development

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2022年第1期4卷 37-48页

作者： Rich J.Kite Mark R.Noon Rhys Morris Peter Mundy Neil D.Clarke Faculty of Health Academy Sports Science and Medical Department Coventry City Football ClubCoventryUK

Purpose Understanding the desired attributes for talented soccer players may give insight into the process of(de)selection and player *** study aimed to explore soccer academy personnel’s perceptions of attributes associated with talent and *** Thirty English and Scottish academy personnel(managers,coaches,recruitment,sports scientists)provided per-ceptions into what attributes contribute to‘talent’,via an online *** an E-Delphi method,seven experts refined these inputs over several rounds until a consensus was reached,resulting in 82 agreed *** terminology was resubmitted via a second online survey,where 45 academy personnel rated each using a Likert *** A ranking of attributes by importance was produced,finding Psychological and Technical/Tactical attributes con-sidered of greatest *** were observed,whereby recruitment personnel consistently over-emphasised the importance of several attributes compared to other personnel(P=0.02-0.04).When analyzed within each age phase,11 variations in the perceived importance of attributes were demonstrated in the youth phase(11-16 years,P=0.01)compared with 5 in the professional phases(17-23 years,P=0.01-0.05)Conclusion The present study demonstrates that‘talent’requires multifaceted developments,with academy personnel per-ceiving psychological attributes the most important contributor to development.

关键词： Talent development Characteristics Elite player performance plan Youth

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The Fairytale Still in Writing

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Beijing Review 2023年第44期66卷 22-23页

作者： Luke Theakston Beijing Guoan football club

The International Federation of Association football,the world governing body of football known by its French acronym FIFA,states that a game called cuju,which bears similarities to football,originated in China 2,000 years *** 20l6,the Chinese football Association(CFA)unveiled its plan to make China a country with a strong football sector by *** resulted in a surge of attention,including my *** having left Dutch professional football club Ajax in 2016,by early 2017 I was working in Shanghai and then,in 2018,began working with Beijing Guoan football club(FC),where I hold the title of head of performance.

关键词： football Dutch originated

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Coaches’ Evaluations of Match Performance in Academy Soccer Players in Relation to the Adolescent Growth Spurt

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2020年第4期2卷 359-366页

作者： Megan Hill Sam Scott Darragh McGee Sean Cumming Department for Health University of BathBath BA27AYUK Sports Science and Medicine Department Southampton Football ClubSouthamptonUK

Individual differences in biological maturation present challenges for coaches involved with youth soccer *** in the same chronological age group vary in terms of stage of maturity(pre,circum-and post-pubescent)and rate of growth,but how this affects coaches’evaluations of player performance is *** aim of this study was to compare youth soccer coaches’evaluations of players match performances before,during and post growth spurt in a professional English soccer academy across four *** hundred and seventy-eight male soccer players in the under-9 to under-16 age-groups had their performances evaluated by their coach on a 4-point Likert *** each game,players were categorised by their maturity status estimated using percentage of predicted adult height at the time of observation.A one-way ANCOVA control-ling for the level of opposition and game outcome revealed that coaches’evaluations declined from the pre-to during growth spurt stages,however,this was only significant in the under 12 ***,coaches’evaluations increased again in the post-growth spurt stage,although only significant in the under 15 *** evaluations of player performance appear to vary in accordance with stage of maturity and rate of *** in youth soccer should understand the extent to which maturity status may adversely impact performance and consider this when making talent selection decisions.

关键词： Soccer Maturity Growth Adolescence Evaluation

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Tumor cells educate mesenchymal stromal cells to release chemoprotective and immunomodulatory factors

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2020年第3期12卷 202-215页

作者： Augustin Le Naour Melissa Prat Benolt Thibault Renaud Mével Léa Lemaitre Helene Leray Marie-Veronique Joubert Kimberley Coulson Muriel Golzio Lise Lefevre Eliane Mery Alejandra Martinez Gwénael Ferron Jean-Pierre Delord Agnès Coste Bettina Couderc Institut Claudius Regaud-IUCT Oncopole Universite de ToulouseToulouseFrance INSERM UMR 1037 Cancer Research Center of Toulouse(CRCT)ToulouseFrance UMR 152 Pharma Dev Universite de ToulouseIRDUPSToulouseFrance UMR CNRS 5089 Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale(IPBS)ToulouseFrance

Factors released by surrounding cells such as cancer-associated mesenchymal stromal cells(CA-MSCs)are involved in tumor progression and *** this study,we characterize the mechanisms by which naYve mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)can acquire a CA-MSCs *** tumor cells trigger the transformation of MSCs to CA-MSCs by expressing pro-tumoral genes implicated in the chemoresistance of cancer cells,resulting in the secretion of high levels of CXC chemokine receptors 1 and 2(CXCR1/2)ligands such as chemokine(C-X-C motif)ligand 1(CXCL1),CXCL2,and interleukin 8(IL-8).CXCR1/2 ligands can also inhibit the immune response against ovarian tumor ***,through their released factors,CA-MSCs promote the differentiation of monocytes towards M2 macrophages,which favors tumor *** CXCR1/2 receptors are inhibited,these CA-MSC-activated macrophages lose their M2 properties and acquire an anti-tumoral *** ex vivo and in vivo,we used a CXCR1/2 inhibitor to sensitize ovarian tumor cells to carboplatin and circumvent the pro-tumoral effects of *** high concentrations of CXCR1/2 ligands in patients*blood are associated with chemoresistance,CXCR1/2 inhibition could be a potential therapeutic strategy to revert carboplatin resistance.

关键词： chemoresistance macrophages mesenchymal stromal cells ovarian adenocarcinoma chemokines

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The Impact of Changing the Coach on Injuries in Professional Sport-Example from Practice

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Journal of Health Science 2018年第3期6卷 159-162页

作者： Fabijan Rajic Marko Grubic Zagreb football Association Frankopanska 2/III Zagreb 10000 Hrvatska Croatia Croatian football Federation Ulica grada Vukovara 267a Zagreb 10000 Hrvatska Croatia Lokomotiva football club Zagreb Radoslava Cimermana 3 Zagreb 10000 Hrvatska Croatia

The role of coach is a significant factor for players, both mentally and physically, as the sport environment is an important social context stimulating players to develop social skills, work discipline and habits. In order to achieve a quality relationship between players and coach, it is essential to create mutual trust, which is the key factor of a well-functioning team. Changing the coach changes the whole psychophysical concept of the training process, training approach, and changes the team itself. The change of coach affects the psychophysical condition of the players not because the previous coach was better or worse, but because of the change itself. Due to the new conditions, players are often distracted, anxious, and lost focus during the training. Consequently, by trying to prove themselves again and in fear of a new coach, the player may lose concentration resulting in an irregular movement balance, and due to insufficient muscle strength to overcome the external force, new injuries or reoccurrence of old injuries are possible. The most common injuries are ruptures and strains of muscles and ligaments reinforcing the most heavily stressed joint while performing a certain movement. A positive factor of having a new coach is the great need to prove oneself, especially in players that were not recognized by the previous coach. Coach changes are often counterproductive because players get used to character, tactics, training methods, and teamwork organization. Due to the new coach’s lack of knowledge about the psychophysical readiness and the ability of each individual player and his specific training methods, injuries are often inevitable.

关键词： Coach change coach injury professional player.

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Does Resisted Sled Towing Improve the Physical Qualities of Elite Youth Soccer Players of Differing Maturity Status?

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2021年第1期3卷 75-87页

作者： Rhys Morris Tony Myers Stacey Emmonds Dave Singleton Kevin Till School of Life Sciences Coventry UniversityCoventryUK Sport Exercise and Health Research CenterNewman University BirminghamBirminghamUK Carnegie School of Sport Leeds Beckett UniversityLeedsUK Birmingham City football club BirminghamUK Leeds Rhinos RLFC LeedsUK

Purpose Sled towing has been shown to be an effective method to enhance the physical qualities in youth *** aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a 6-week sled towing intervention on muscular strength,speed and power in elite youth soccer players of differing maturity *** Seventy-three male elite youth soccer players aged 12-18 years(Pre-Peak Height Velocity[PHV]n = 25;Circa-PHV n = 24;Post-PHV n = 24)from one professional soccer academy participated in this *** assessments(10 m and 30 m),countermovement jump and isometric mid-thigh pull were undertaken before(T1)and after(T2)a 6-week *** training intervention consisted of 6 weeks(2xper week,10 sprints over 20 m distance)of resisted sled towing(linear progression 10%-30%of body mass)during the competitive *** regression models analysed differences between T1 and T2 within each maturity *** There were minimal changes in strength,speed and power(P=0.35-0.80)for each maturity group across the 6-week *** there were changes with greater certainty,they are unlikely to represent real effect due to higher regres-sion to the mean(RTM).Conclusion It appears that a 6-week sled towing training programme with loadings of 10%-30%body mass only maintains physical qualities in elite youth soccer players pre-,circa-,and *** research is required to determine the effectiveness of this training method in long-term athletic development programmes.

关键词： Youth development Long-term athletic development Maturation Strength Speed IMTP

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Association between ACTN3 R577X genotype and risk of non-contact injury in trained athletes:A systematic review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第3期12卷 359-368页

作者： Hassane Zouhal Juan Del Coso Ayyappan Jayavel Claire Toumy Guillaume Ravé Nidhal Jebabli Cain C.T.Clark Benjamin Barthélémy Anthony C.Hackney Abderraouf Ben Abderrahman M2S(Laboratoire Mouvement SportSanté)-EA 1274Department of Sport SciencesUniversity of RennesRennes F-35000France Rey Juan Carlos University Centre for Sport StudiesMadrid 28032Spain SRM College of Physiotherapy SRM Institute of Science and TechnologySRM NagarKattankulathur 603203India Department of Sport Sciences University of RouenMont Saint AignanCETAPS EA 3832F-76821France toulouse football club Toulouse 31000France Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education Ksar-SaidUniversity of ManoubaTunis 2010Tunisia Centre for Intelligent Healthcare Coventry UniversityCoventry CV15FBUK Department of Exercise&Sport Science Department of NutritionUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27514USA

Purpose:The aim of this study was to review,systematically,evidence concerning the link between the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and the rates and severity of non-contact injuries and exercise-induced muscle damage in athletes and individuals enrolled in exercise training ***:A computerized literature search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed,Web of Science,and SPORTDiscus,from inception until November *** included studies compared the epidemiological characteristics of non-contact injury between the different genotypes of the ACTN3 R577X ***:Our search identified 492 *** the screening of titles,abstracts,and full texts,13 studies examining the association between the ACTN3 genotypes and the rate and severity of non-contact injury were included in the *** studies were performed in 6 different countries(Spain,Japan,Brazil,China,the Republic of Korea,and Italy)and involved a total participant pool of 1093 *** the studies,2 studies involved only women,5 studies involved only men,and 6 studies involved both men and *** the studies included were classified as highquality studies(≥6 points in the Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro)scale score).Overall,evidence suggests there is an association between the ACTN3 R577X genotype and non-contact injury in 12 *** studies observed a significant association between A CTN3 R577X polymorphism and exercise induced muscle damage:2 with non-contact ankle injury,3 with non-contact muscle injury,and 1 with overall non-contact ***:The present findings support the premise that possessing the ACTN3 XX genotype may predispose athletes to a higher probability of some non-contact injuries,such as muscle injury,ankle sprains,and higher levels of exercise-induced muscle damage.

关键词： α-actinin-3 deficiency Athletic performance Exercise-related injury Muscle injury Single nucleotide polymorphism

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Speed of Thought and Speed of Feet:Examining Perceptual-Cognitive Expertise and Physical Performance in an English football Academy

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2021年第1期3卷 88-97页

作者： Adam L.Kelly Mark R.Wilson Daniel T.Jackson Jennifer Turnnidge Craig A.Williams Faculty of Health Education and Life SciencesBirmingham City UniversityBirminghamWest MidlandsUK Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre and the College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of ExeterSt Luke’s CampusHeavitree RoadExeter EX12LUDevonUK Exeter City football club ExeterDevonUK School of Kinesiology and Health Studies Queen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada

The world's greatest professional football players are able to execute effective tactical decisions as well as fulfil various physical ***,the degree to which both are associated with greater potential in a football academy is ***,the aim of this study was to investigate decision-making skill and physical performance as contributing factors to coach potential rankings in an English football ***-eight outfield academy players(Foundation Development Phase[FDP]under-9 to under-11 n=40;Youth Development Phase[YDP]under-12 to under-16 n=58)participated in the *** engaged in 45 film-based simulations at two occlusion phases(e.g.,the visual display is cut-off at a precise time during an action),firstly"during"and secondly"post"execution,to examine decision-making *** also completed four fitness tests to examine physical performance.A classification of"higher-potentials"(top third)and"lower-potentials"(bottom third)were applied through coach *** t-tests compared the decision-making and physical performance ***-potentials made significantly more accurate decisions within the"post"phase within the FDP(Pfootball potential may be associated with superior perceptual-cognitive expertise and quicker sprint ability in both academy age phases,with a greater discriminatory function within the older cohort.

关键词： Decision-making Sprint ability Fitness testing Academy football Talent identification Talent development

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