检索结果-南通市图书馆

Three-dimensional simulation of liquid injection,film formation and transport,in fluidized beds

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Particuology 2009年第5期7卷 337-346页

作者： Paul Zhao Peter J. O'Rourke Dale Snider CPFD Software LLCAlbuquerqueNM 87111USA CFD d'OR Software and consulting LLCLos AlamosNM 87544USA

Liquid injection, and film formation and transport in dense-phase gas-solids fluidized beds are numerically simulated in three dimensions using a collisional exchange model that is based on the mechanism that collisions cause transfer of liquid mass, momentum, and energy between particles. In the model, each of the particles is represented by a solid core and a liquid film surrounding the core. The model is incorporated in the framework of the commercial code Barracuda developed by CPFD Software. The commercial software is an advanced CFD-based computational tool where the particles are treated as discrete entities, calculated by the MP-PIC method, and tracked using the Lagrangian method. Details of the collisional liquid transfer model have been previously presented in O＇Rourke, Zhao, and Snider （2009）; this paper presents new capabilities and proof-testing of the collision model and a new method to better quantify the penetration length. Example calculations of a fluidized bed without liquid injection show the expected effect of collisions on the reduction of granular temperature （fluctuational kinetic energy） of the bed. When applied to liquid injection into a dense-phase fluidized bed under different conditions, the model predicts liquid penetration lengths comparable to the experiments. In addition, the simulation reveals for the first time the dynamic mixing of the liquid droplets with the bed particles and the transient distribution of the droplets inside the bed.

关键词： MP-PIC Liquid injection Fluidized bed Particle collisions CPFD Jet penetration

Pre-malignant processes of smoking-induced lung adenocarcinoma development: A conceptual biological model

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Advances in Lung Cancer 2013年第2期2卷 32-53页

作者： Frank tobin Gregory Vuillaume Marja Talikka Gaelle Diserens Gaelle Diserens Manuel C. Peitsch Julia Hoeng Philip Morris International R&D Philip Morris Products S.A. Neuchatel Switzerland tobin consulting llc Newton Square PA USA

Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke is the leading cause of human lung cancer and its most prevalent form, adenocarcinoma. However, the mechanisms by which smoking induces adenocarcinoma are largely inferred from the analysis of fully developed tumors. The current work focuses on the early events that precede the existence of clinically detectable tumors and where the progressive mechanisms are believed to be different from the ones driving established tumor growth. Biological information was drawn from the literature and generalized into a conceptual model, or framework, which describes and integrates the main processes involved in the early stages of smoking-induced lung adenocarcinoma development. No such integrative representation currently exists. The biological framework presented here is based on the “field of injury” of the lung. It covers the smoking-induced stepwise transition of unexposed (naive) lung tissue to the first appearance of neoplastic cells through defined tissue states referred to as pre-field and field. Each tissue state exhibits its own formalized characteristics (or phenotype properties), which evolve as a result of the combined effects of smoking, the interactions between the different tissue properties, and the local environment represented in the framework as lung inflammation and immune surveillance. The resulting network of influences between the lung tissue states and properties provides a good understanding of the early events involved in lung adenocarcinoma triggered by smoking. The resulting conceptual model—an integrative mechanistic hypothesis—can explain a broad range of cigarette smoking and smoking cessation scenarios.

关键词： Lung Adenocarcinoma Cigarette Smoke Field Cancerization

Research and development in drug innovation: reflections from the 2013 bioeconomy conference in China, lessons learned and future perspectives

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2014年第2期4卷 112-119页

作者： Changxiao Liu Panayiotis P.Constantinides Yazhuo Li Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research Tianjin 300193China Biopharmaceutical and Drug Delivery consulting LLCGurneeIL 60031USA

The enormous progress biotechnology,bioinformatics and nanotechnology made in recent years provides opportunities and scientific framework for development of biomedicine and constitutes a paradigm shift in pharmaceutical R&D and drug *** analyzing the data and related information at R&D level over the past decades,developmental tendency and R&D patterns were *** found that a growing number of biologics in the pipeline of pharma companies with successful products already in the market though,small molecular entities have primarily dominated drug ***,small/medium size companies will continue to play a key role in the development of small molecule drugs and biologics in a multi-channel integrated *** importantly,modern and effective R&D strategies in biomedicine development to predict and evaluate efficacy and/or safety of 21st century therapeutics are urgently *** face new challenges,developmental strategies were proposed,in terms of molecular targeted medicine,generic drugs,new drug delivery system and protein-based *** the current circumstances,interdisciplinary cooperation mode and policy related to drug innovation in China were deeply discussed as well.

关键词： Bioeconomy Biomedicine Drug development Innovation Research and development Strategy and models

Forage breeding and cultivar development:A 50-year perspective

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Grassland Research 2023年第2期2卷 97-105页

作者： Joseph Henry Bouton Institute of Plant Breeding Geneticsand GenomicsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA Bouton consulting Group LLCAthensGeorgiaUSA

This article represents the perspective of one retired,academic forage breeder and cultivar developer after 50 years of working *** cultivars that help farmers within pastoral agriculture is the main goal,a system where livestock is the *** Grassland Congress proceedings,as well as the general literature,are historical guides for the state of forage *** was achieved through technologies;better equipment for planting and harvesting;and advances in computer computation and *** achievements were fitful and continue to *** performance mean-reversion,cost to the program,and what the farmer seed buyer was willing to pay are important considerations for applying any technology,especially *** promises were too *** was due,in part,to a lack of understanding that traditional phenotypic/genotypic field selection programs operate in a complex way with multiple species and several traits screened simultaneously at a modest *** majority of current forage cultivars are from field-based *** participation at scientific conferences declined over time,with less sharing of information the *** developers will continue using basic field selection methods but should explore applying any technology;just be clever on when,how,and with whom to use *** advice and experiences are also presented and discussed.

关键词： biotechnologies breeding cultivars farmers forages genetics livestock pastures

Increases in Lorentz Factor with Dielectric Thickness

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics 2016年第2期6卷 152-168页

作者： J. W. McPherson McPherson Reliability consulting llc Plano Texas USA

For many years, a Lorentz factor of L = 1/3 has been used to describe the local electric field in thin amorphous dielectrics. However, the exact meaning of thin has been unclear. The local electric field Eloc modeling presented in this work indicates that L = 1/3 is indeed valid for very thin solid dielectrics (tdiel ≤ 20 monolayers) but significant deviations from L = 1/3 start to occur for thicker dielectrics. For example, L ≈ 2/3 for dielectric thicknesses of tdiel = 50 monolayers and increases to L ≈ 1 for dielectric thicknesses tdiel > 200 monolayers. The increase in L with tdiel means that the local electric fields are significantly higher in thicker dielectrics and explains why the breakdown strength Ebd of solid polar dielectrics generally reduces with dielectric thickness tdiel. For example, Ebd for SiO2 reduces from approximately Ebd ≈ 25 MV/cm at tdiel = 2 nm to Ebd ≈ 10 MV/cm at tdiel = 50 nm. However, while Ebd for SiO2 reduces with tdiel, all SiO2 thicknesses are found to breakdown at approximately the same local electric field (Eloc)bd ≈ 40 MV/cm. This corresponds to a coordination bond strength of 2.7 eV for the silicon-ion to transition from four-fold to three-fold coordination in the tetrahedral structure.

关键词： Dielectrics Dielectric Breakdown Local Electric Field Lorentz Factor Time-Dependent Dielectric Breakdown TDDB Bond Breakage Thermochemical E-Model

Single Parameter Model for Cosmic Scale Photon Redshift in a Closed Universe

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Open Journal of Modelling and Simulation 2021年第4期9卷 407-413页

作者： Andre P. Steynberg Andre Steynberg consulting llc Dublin OH USA

A successful single parameter model has been formulated to match the observations of photons from type 1a supernovae which were previously used to corroborate the standard 𝛬 cold dark matter model. The new single parameter model extrapolates all the way back to the cosmic background radiation (CMB) without requiring a separate model to describe inflation of the space dimensions after the Big Bang. This single parameter model assumes that spacetime forms a finite symmetrical manifold with positive curvature. For the spacetime manifold to be finite, the time dimension must also have positive curvature. This model was formulated to consider whether the curvature of the time dimension may be related to the curvature of the space dimensions. This possibility is not considered in the more complex models previously used to fit the available redshift data. The geometry for the finite spacetime manifold was selected to be compatible with the Friedmann equation with positive curvature. The manifold shape was motivated by an assumption that there exists a matter hemisphere (when considering time together with a single space dimension) and an antimatter hemisphere to give a symmetrical and spherical overall spacetime manifold. Hence, the space dimension expands from a pole to the equator, at a maximum value for the time dimension. This is analogous to the expansion of a circle of latitude on a globe from a pole to the equator. The three space dimensions are identical so that any arbitrary single space direction may be selected. The initial intention was to modify the assumed geometry for the spacetime manifold to account for the presence of matter. It was sur

关键词： Photon Redshift Cold Dark Matter Model Single Parameter Model Cosmic Background Radiation

Lipoflavonoid Benefits in Patients with Tinnitus

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2021年第3期10卷 147-157页

作者： Lori E. Lonczak Lori Lonczak consulting LLC Fair Haven USA

Background: Otolaryngologists are regularly presented with patients experiencing tinnitus who are seeking treatment to help with resuming active and productive lives. Lemon bioflavonoid complexes are known to be safe nutritional supplements;however, data on patient satisfaction are limited. Objectives: The primary objectives were to better understand symptom severity reduction, symptom improvement, and patient satisfaction when lemon bioflavonoid complexes are taken at the recommended dose and duration of treatment. Methods: The SILENT experience study was conducted from January 2017 to January 2018, with 504 otolaryngologists from six states, identified from a purchased list. Each physician provided a free, 500-caplet sample of Lipo-Flavonoid®, a lemon bioflavonoid complex, to three patients who experienced tinnitus and completed a survey detailing patient demographics and symptoms. In total, 719 patients received the sample;51 patients followed through and completed a baseline symptom assessment and five surveys over 10 weeks. IRB approval was deemed unnecessary and the study was overseen by a practicing otolaryngologist. Statistical analysis was conducted on the reduction of symptom severity and symptom improvement over 10-weeks. Results: Bothersomeness of ringing or other noises in the ear(s) was reduced by 32% and patients reported a 55% improvement of all symptoms, which correlated with product satisfaction. Patient satisfaction scores were strong: 33% extremely satisfied, 49% somewhat satisfied, and 18% not satisfied. Compliance was high, with 86% of participants taking the product as directed for 60 days. The top reasons for physician recommendations (selected by >30%) were positive clinical experience (71%), good safety profile (66%), supported by data for over 50 years (37%), and efficacy (35%). Implications for Practice: These data support the use of this lemon

关键词： Lipoflavonoid Bioflavonoid Tinnitus Ringing

美国公司类型选择以及联邦税务法的相应对待——助力中国企业“走出去”

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

国际税收 2019年第3期 47-52页

作者：董为众 Sun consulting Co.llc

在美国成立公司时,选择实体类型实在令人困惑。每一个特定类型的实体都受到相应的商业法则、公司和普通法以及联邦税务法的影响。美国联邦所得税无论对公司实体还是对其股东而言都显得繁复异常。为了帮助中国企业"走出去"赴美国投资,本... 详细信息

在美国成立公司时,选择实体类型实在令人困惑。每一个特定类型的实体都受到相应的商业法则、公司和普通法以及联邦税务法的影响。美国联邦所得税无论对公司实体还是对其股东而言都显得繁复异常。为了帮助中国企业"走出去"赴美国投资,本文较为详细地分析了一些在美国常见的法律实体类型、选择考虑因素以及针对每种实体类型的联邦所得税处理方法。以期帮助中国企业在美国选择和建立最佳的公司实体类型,避免潜在的法律纠纷,顺利地开展业务。

关键词：实体选择普通公司合伙制公司有限责任制公司美国联邦所得税

Organizational Paradigms:An Examination of Open,Natural and Rational Systems for Crisis Response

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Organizational Paradigms:An Examination of Open,Natural and ...