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Challenges and opportunities for China entering global research and development for emerging infectious diseases:a case study from Ebola experience

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第2期9卷 98-99页

作者： Chao Li Jing-Yi Chen Yang-Mu Huang 不详 School of Public Health Peking University38 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China

Background:China has emerged as a powerful platform for global pharmaceutical research and development(R&D)amid the 2014 Ebola *** research and development impact of developing countries on prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks has long been underestimated,particularly for emerging economies like ***,we studied its research and development progress and government support in response to Ebola outbreak by timeline,input,and output at each research and development *** study will contribute to a deeper understanding of the research and development gaps and challenges faced by China,as well as providing evidence-based suggestions on how to accelerate the drug development process to meet urgent needs during future ***:Data were obtained from the National Nature Science Foundation of China database,PubMed database,Patent Search System of the State Intelleaual Property Office of China,National Medical Products Administration,national policy reports and literature between Jan 1st,2006 and Dec 31st,*** overview of research funding,research output pharmaceutical product patent,and product licensed was described and analyzed by Microsoft Excel.A descriptive analysis with a visualization of plotting charts and graphs was conducted by reporting the mean±standard ***:China has successfully completed the research and development of the Ebola Ad5-EBOV vaccine within 26 months,while the preparation and implementation of clinical trials took relative long *** National Nature Science Foundation of China funded CNY 44.05 million(USD 6.27 million)for Ebola-related researches and committed strongly to the phase of basic research(87.8%).A proliferation of literature arose between 2014 and 2015,with a 1.7-fold increase in drug research and a 2.5-fold increase in diagnostic research within 1 *** years on from the Ebola outbreak,six Ebola-related produas in China were approved by the National Medical Products

关键词： Emerging infectious disease Research and development Ebola virus disease

Protecting-Group-Free Total Synthesis of(-)-Pallambins A-D

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2021年第7期39卷 1983-1996页

作者： Xiwu Zhang Yuan Wang Peng Chen Xinxian Cai Yanxing Jia State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking University38 Xueyuan RoadBeijing100191 China

Main observation and conclusion A full account of the total synthesis of(-)-pallambins A-D(1-6)is *** strategy was devised by simulating their biosynthetic *** left-part bicyclo[3.2.1]octane system of pallambins C and... 详细信息

关键词： Terpenoids Total synthesis Enantioselectivity Protecting-Group-Free Natural products

Effects of Suction Side Squealer Tip on the Performance of a Low-Speed Axial Compressor

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Journal of Thermal Science 2012年第3期21卷 223-229页

作者： Jun Zhang Hongwei Ma Jingyang Li School of Jet Propulsion Beihang UniversityXueyuan Road 37BeijingChina Shenyang Aeroengine Research Institute Aviation Industry Corporation of ChinaShenyangChina

This paper presents the investigation of the effects of suction side squealer tip on the performance of an axial compressor. The experiment is carded out in a single-stage large-scale low-speed compressor. The investigated tip geometries include fiat tip as the baseline and suction side squealer tip. The tip clearance of the baseline is 0.5% of the blade span. The static pressure rise characteristic curves of both the rotor and the stage are measured. The flow field at the exit of the rotor is measured by a 5-hole probe under design and off-design conditions. The static pressure on the endwall of the rotor passage is also obtained. The results show that the pressure rise characteristic curves obtained by measuring the pressure on the end wall are almost unchanged by using the suction side squealer tip. The measuring results of the 5-hole probe show the static pressure and the total pressure in tip region is slightly greater than that of the flat tip at the design condition at the exit of the rotor. It also leads to greater averaged static pressure rise and total pressure. At the near stall condition, the averaged static pressure and total pressure is lower than the baseline which is related to the redistribution of the blade load caused by the suction side squealer tip.

关键词： Compressor squealer tip 5-hole probe off-design condition tip leakage flow.

Efficient and Stable Exponential Runge-Kutta Methods for Parabolic Equations

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2017年第1期9卷 157-172页

作者： Liyong Zhu School of Mathematics and Systems Science Beihang UniversityXueyuan Road No.37Haidian DistrictBeijing 100191China

In this paper we develop explicit fast exponential Runge-Kutta methods for the numerical solutions of a class of parabolic *** incorporating the linear splitting technique into the explicit exponential Runge-Kutta schemes,we are able to greatly improve the numerical *** proposed numerical methods could be fast implemented through use of decompositions of compact spatial difference operators on a regular mesh together with discrete fast Fourier transform *** exponential Runge-Kutta schemes are easy to be adopted in adaptive temporal approximations with variable time step sizes,as well as applied to stiff nonlinearity and boundary conditions of different *** stabilities of the proposed schemes and their comparison with other schemes are *** also numerically demonstrate accuracy,stability and robustness of the proposed method through some typical model problems.

关键词： Exponential Runge-Kutta method explicit scheme linear splitting discrete fast Fourier transforms Allen-Cahn equation

Rare Earth Element Geochemistry of Late Palaeozoic Coals in North China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2000年第1期74卷 74-83页

作者： HUANG Wenhui YANG Qi TANG Dazhen TANG Xiuyi ZHAO Zhigen China University of Geosciences 29 Xueyuan Rd Haidian District Beijing 100083 Huainan Institute of Technology Huainan Anhui 232001

Abstract: Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) was done to determine the abundances of rare earth elements (REE) of 58 samples of Late Palaeozoic Carboniferous-Permian coals and related rocks in North China. Detailed study of REE geochemistry shows that the ?REE of most coals studied in this paper is in a normal range between 30×10?6 and 80×10?6 with a mean of 56×10?6. The REE in the Taiyuan Formation in the northern part of North China are much richer than those in the southern part. This is due to the shorter distance to the source area in the north. Moreover, the ?REE is in positive correlation to coal ash, especially closely related to the content of clay minerals <2 μm in size. This reveals that most REE were carried by terrigenous clastic materials, especially fine clay minerals. In the coals the light REE (LREE) are much richer than the heavy REE (HREE), and the LREE/HREE ratio in coals generally varies from 2 to 8. The LREE/HREE ratio of high-ash, low-sulphur coals is higher than that of low-ash, high-sulphur coals, and is even higher in the roof and floor rocks, reaching 12 with the highest (up to 21) in pyrite concretions, which shows that the HREE have a stronger affinity to organic matter in a reducing environment influenced by seawater. Furthermore, Eu is generally depleted in coals. The REE chondrite-normalized distribution patterns are very similar in coals of the whole of North China. From the REE geochemical characteristics it can be concluded that during the formation of Late Palaeozoic Carboniferous-Permian coals in North China, the supply of terrigeneous materials remained quite stable. The ?REE in low-ash, high-sulphur coals is relatively low and the REE are mainly carried by fine-grained minerals and organic matter and a certain percentage of REE are adsorbed by organic matter; while the ?REE in high-ash, low-sulphur coals is higher and the REE are mainly present in detritus. The ?REE of magmatism-influenced coals is the highest, whi

关键词： Late Palaeozoic coal REE geochemistry North China

Comparison between toric and spherical phakic intraocular lenses combined with astigmatic keratotomy for high myopic astigmatism

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Eye and Vision 2017年第1期4卷 114-120页

作者： Lin-Yan Zheng Shuang-Qian Zhu Yan-Feng Su Hu-Yong Zou Qin-Mei Wang A-Yong Yu The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University 270 Xueyuan West RoadWenzhou 325000ZhejiangPeople’s Republic of China

Background:To compare the outcomes of a toric phakic intraocular lens(PIOL)and a spherical PIOL combined with astigmatic keratotomy(AK)for the correction of high myopic ***:This study enrolled patients with high myopic astigmatism,including 30 eyes(22 patients)that received a toric PIOL implantation(TICL group),and 32 eyes(24 patients)that received combined AK and a spherical PIOL implantation(AK+ICL group).The outcomes were compared between the two groups before surgery,and at the following time points after surgery:1 week,1,3,6 months,and 1,2 ***:Preoperatively,the mean manifest spherical equivalent(SE)was−14.14±2.12 D in the TICL group and−14.83±2.79 D in the AK+ICL group(P=0.28),and the mean manifest refractive cylinder,−2.87±1.09 D and−2.58±0.85 D,respectively(P=0.28).Two years postoperatively,the mean safety index was 1.53±0.55 in the TICL group and 1.60±0.70 in the AK+ICL group(P=1.00),and the mean efficacy index,1.18±0.45 and 1.38±0.52,respectively(P=0.86).The mean manifest refractive cylinder correction was 1.94±1.07 D in the TICL group and 1.39±0.71 D in the AK+ICL group(P=0.02).The mean changes in SE and refractive cylinder from 1 week to 2 years were less than 0.50 D in both ***:Both TICL implantation and AK+ICL implantation are a good alternative for correction of astigmatism in addition to high *** implantation has better predictability in correction of high myopic astigmatism.

关键词： Astigmatism High myopia Phakic intraocular lenses Astigmatic keratotomy

A comprehensive Chinese experience against SARS-CoV-2 in ophthalmology

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Eye and Vision 2020年第1期7卷 180-188页

作者： A-Yong Yu Ruixue Tu Xu Shao Anpeng Pan Kaijing Zhou Jinhai Huang Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University 270 Xueyuan West RoadWenzhou 325000ZhejiangP.R.China

The 2019 novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19)has now swept through the continents and poses a global threat to public *** investigations have been conducted to identify whether COVID-19 can be transmitted through the ocular route,and the conclusion is that it is a potential route but remains *** to the faceto-face communication with patients,frequent exposure to tears and ocular discharge,and the unavoidable use of equipment which requires close proximity,ophthalmologists carry a high risk of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Based on 33 articles published by Chinese scholars,guidelines and clinical practice experience in domestic hospitals,we have summarized the Chinese experience through the lens of ophthalmology,hoping to make a contribution to protecting ophthalmologists and patients around the world.

关键词： Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Ophthalmology Ocular transmission

Domestic trends in malaria research and development in China and its global influence

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 25-33页

作者： Yang-Mu Huang Lu-Wen Shi Rui She Jing Bai Shi-Yong Jiao Yan Guo School of Public Health Peking University Health Science CenterXueyuan Road 38Haidian DistrictBeijing 100191China School of Pharmaceutical Science Peking University Health Science CenterXueyuan Road 38Haidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Department of Health Policy and Management School of Public HealthPeking University Health Science CenterXueyuan Road 38Haidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Patent Examination Cooperation Center of the Patent Office SIPOBeijingChina

Background:Though many countries,including China,are moving towards malaria elimination,malaria remains a major global health *** to the spread of antimalarial drug resistance and the need for innovative medical products during the elimination phase,further research and development(R&D)of innovative tools in both epidemic and elimination areas is *** study aims to identify the trends and gaps in malaria R&D in China,and aims to offer suggestions on how China can be more effectively involved in global malaria R&***:Quantitative analysis was carried out by collecting data on Chinese malaria-related research programmes between 1985 and 2014,invention patents in China from 1985 to 2014,and articles published by Chinese researchers in PubMed and Chinese databases from 2005 to *** data were screened and extracted for numerical analysis and were categorized into basic sciences,drug/drug resistance,immunology/vaccines,or diagnostics/detection for chronological and subgroup ***:The number of malaria R&D activities have shown a trend of increase during the past 30 years,however these activities have fluctuated within the past few *** the past 10 years,R&D on drug/drug resistance accounted for the highest percentages of research programmes(32.4%),articles(55.0%in PubMed and 50.6%in Chinese databases)and patents(45.5%).However,these R&D activities were mainly related to artemisinin.R&D on immunology/vaccines has been a continuous interest for China’s public entities,but the focus remains on basic science.R&D in the area of high-efficiency diagnostics has been rarely seen or reported in ***:China has long been devoted to malaria R&D in multiple areas,including drugs,drug resistance,immunology and vaccines.R&D on diagnostics has received significantly less attention,however,it should also be an area where China can make a *** focus on malaria R&D is needed,especially in the area of diagnostics,if China

关键词： Research and development R&D Malaria Antimalarial China

Isotropic Tuning of Electrochemical Etching forthe Nanometric Finishing of Metals

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2022年第3期5卷 283-296页

作者： Rong Yi Zejin Zhan Hui Deng Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyNo.1088Xueyuan RoadShenzhen 518055GuangdongChina

Isotropic etching polishing(IEP)based on the merging of isotropic etch pits has been proposed as a generic metal finishing *** this work,the tuning of the etching isotropy of various metals,which is the key to realizing the finishing effect of IEP,is studied by theoretical analysis and etching *** isotropic etching of various metals can be realized through mass transfer polarization by adjusting the electrochemical *** addition of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte is the most effective for tuning the isotropy of electrochemical *** can decrease the diffusion coefficient of metal ions,thereby increasing the resistance of mass transfer and transforming the electrochemical dissolution of metal into mass transfer *** this study,the atomic and close-to-atomic scale surface finishing of various metals and alloys has been successfully achieved through isotropic *** etching at a current of 1.5 A for 3 min,the surface Sa roughness of TA2 is drastically reduced from 242 to 3.98 *** etching for 1 min at a current of 3 A,the surface Sa roughness of pure tungsten,NiTi,and CoCrNi decreases from 9.33,76.4,and 37.6 nm,respectively,to 1.16,2.01,and 2.51 nm,respectively.

关键词： ACSM Metal finishing Isotropic etching polishing Electrochemical polishing