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Synthesis and characterization of poppy seed oil methyl esters

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016年第8期24卷 1087-1096页

作者： Umer Rashid Muhammad Ibrahim Imededdine Arbi Nehdi Saud Ibrahim Al-Resayes Sammi Ullah Muhammad Aamer Mehmood Saira Shahzadi Institute of Advanced Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia Chemistry Department College of Science King Saud University Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering Faculty of Engineering Government College University Faisalabad Department of Chemistry Government College University Faisalabad Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology Government College University Faisalabad Department of Chemistry Quaid-i-Azam University

Response surface methodology(RSM) was used to determine the optimum conditions of the methanolysis of crude poppy seed oil using Na OCH3 as catalyst. The experiments were run according to five levels, four variable central composite rotatable design(CCRD) using RSM. The reaction variables, i.e., molar ratio of methanol/oil(3:1–9:1), catalyst concentration(0.5 wt%–1.25 wt% Na OCH3), reaction temperature(25–65 °C), and reaction time(20–90 min) were studied. We demonstrated that the molar ratio of methanol/oil, catalyst concentration,and reaction temperature were the significant parameters affecting the yield of poppy seed oil methyl esters(PSOMEs). The optimum transesterification reaction conditions, established using the RSM, which offered a89.35% PSOME yield, were found to be 7.5:1 molar ratio of methanol/oil, 0.75% catalyst concentration, 45 °C reaction temperature, and 90 min reaction time. The proposed process provided an average biodiesel yield of more than 85%. A linear correlation was constructed between the observed and predicted values of the *** gas chromatography(GC) analyses have shown that PSOMEs contain linoleic-, oleic-, palmitic-, and stearic-acids as main fatty acids. The FTIR spectrum of the PSOMEs was also analyzed to confirm the completion of the transesterification reaction. The fuel properties of the PSOMEs were discussed in light of biodiesel standards(ASTM D 6751 and EN 14214).

关键词： Poppy oil Optimization Gas chromatography FTIR Fuel properties

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Recognizing production options for pearl millet in Pakistan under changing climate scenarios

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第4期16卷 762-773页

作者： Asmat Ullah Ashfaq Ahmad Tasneem Khaliq Javaid Akhtar Agro-climatology Laboratory Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38040 Pakistan Directorate of Agronomy Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI) Faisalabad 38850 Pakistan Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38040 Pakistan

Climate change is making the lands a harsher environment all over the world including Pakistan. It is expected to oppose us with three main challenges： increase in temperature up to 2-5℃ （heat stress）, increasing water stress and severe malnourishment due to climate change. It has been foreseen that there will be a 10% increase of dryland areas with climate change in the world, with more variability and incidences of short periods of extreme events （drought and heat stress）. Pearl millet is a hardy, climate smart grain crop, idyllic for environments prone to drought and heat stresses. The crop continues to produce highly nutritious grain sustainably, thereby encouraging the fight against poverty and food insecurity due to its resilience. The crop is more responsive to good production options （planting time, planting density, inter/intra row spacing, nitrogen application and irrigation）. It has high crop growth rate, large leaf area index and high radiation use efficiency that confers its high potential yield. In most of the cases, pearl millet is remained our agricultural answer to the climate calamity that we are facing, because it is selected as water saving, drought tolerant and climate change complaint crop. In view of circumstances, pearl millet cultivation must be retrieved by recognizing production options in context to changing climate scenarios of Pakistan using crop modeling techniques.

关键词： pearl millet production options climate change nitrogen use efficiency radiation use efficiency

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Morin attenuates L-arginine induced acute pancreatitis in rats by downregulating myeloperoxidase and lipid peroxidation

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2021年第4期11卷 148-154页

作者： Kanwal Rehman Ummara Rashid Komal Jabeen Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash Department of Pharmacy University of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology University of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Government College University FaisalabadPakistan

Objective:To explore the therapeutic role of morin against L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis in ***:The group 1 received two intraperitoneal injections of normal saline,and groups 2-4 were given two intraperitoneal injections of L-arginine(250 mg/100 g body weight)at 1 h interval to induce acute ***,group 2 received no further treatment while groups 3 and 4 were treated with morin(30 mg/kg)and diclofenac sodium(30 mg/kg),*** glucose and serum levels of insulin,α-amylase,malondialdehyde,myeloperoxidase,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase and cholesterol were ***,histopathological study was carried out to investigate the effect of morin treatment on physiology of the ***:L-arginine significantly altered the level of blood glucose and serum levels of insulin,α-amylase,malondialdehyde,myeloperoxidase,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase and *** with morin or diclofenac sodium significantly improved the levels of these ***,morin showed more significant effect than diclofenac *** analysis verified that morin protected the pancreas from deleterious effects of ***:Morin plays a protective role against L-arginineinduced acute pancreatitis via reducing lipid peroxidation and tissue inflammation,and attenuating acute pancreatitis-associated alteration in insulin secretion and glucose metabolism.

关键词： Morin Acute pancreatitis Diclofenac sodium L-arginine

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Thermodynamic Characteristics of Dusty Plasma Studied by Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation

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Plasma Science and Technology 2012年第9期14卷 771-777页

作者： Aamir SHAHZAD 何茂刚 Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education(MOE) Xi'an Jiaotong University Department of Physics Government College University Faisalabad(GCUF)Allama Iqbal RoadFaisalabad 38000Pakistan

Thermodynamic properties of a Debye-Yukawa system of particles are explored by using molecular dynamics simulation in the canonical ensemble. The excess free energy f of the Debye-Yukawa system is calculated by using two different approaches for the liquid phase, and the energy is obtained in a coupling parameter range of 0 ≤ F ≤100 and a wide range of the screening parameter κ. Simulation measurements for excess internal energy and pressure of the system over dimensionless parameters （κ, F） are also presented and compared with previous theoretical and simulated results. A F-expansion-fitting approach for the liquid phase is introduced with the expansion coefficients, which are functions of the screening parameter κ. The fitting coefficients are obtained by directly comparing them with the simulation measurements with a relative deviation of 1% or less. It is shown that the computational results provide a relatively simple method to calculate the excess internal energy and free energy in certain cases, which depend strongly on Г.

关键词： Debye-Yukawa system thermodynamic properties molecular dynamics free energy

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Maize production under risk:The simultaneous adoption of off-farm income diversification and agricultural credit to manage risk

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第2期18卷 460-470页

作者： Shoaib Akhtar LI Gu-cheng Adnan Nazir Amar Razzaq Raza Ullah Muhammad Faisal Muhammad Asad Ur Rehman Naseer Muhammad Haseeb Raza College of Economics&Management Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070P.R.China Institute of Agricultural and Resource Economics University of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabad 38000Pakistan

Farmers in Pakistan continue to produce maize under various types of risks and adopt several strategies to manage those risks. This study is the first attempt to investigate the factors affecting the concurrent adoption of off-farm income diversification and agricultural credit which the farmers use to manage the risk to maize production. We apply bivariate and multinomial probit approaches to the primary data collected from four districts of Punjab Province in Pakistan. The results show that strong correlations exist between the off-farm diversification and agricultural credit which indicates that the use of one risk management strategy leads to another. The findings demonstrate that education, livestock number, maize farming experience, perceptions of biological risks and risk-averse nature of the growers significantly encourage the adoption of diversification as a risk management tool while farm size inversely affects the adoption of diversification. Similarly, in the adoption equation of credit, maize farming experience, farm size, perceptions of price and biological risks and risk attitude of farmers significantly enhance the chances of adopting agricultural credit to manage farm risks. These findings are important for the relevant stakeholders who seek to offer carefully designed risk minimizing options to the maize farmers.

关键词： maize off-farm diversification credit multinomial probit Pakistan

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ChainApparel: A Trustworthy Blockchain and IoT-Based Traceability Framework for Apparel Industry 4.0

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第11期77卷 1837-1854页

作者： Muhammad Shakeel Faridi Saqib Ali Guojun Wang Salman Afsar Awan Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Department of Computer Science University of AgricultureFaisalabad38000Pakistan School of Computer Science Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou510006China Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of AgricultureFaisalabad38000Pakistan

Trustworthiness and product traceability are essential factors in the apparel industry 4.0 for establishing successful business relationships among stakeholders such as customers,manufacturers,suppliers,and *** stakeholder has implemented different technology-based systems to record and track product ***,these systems work in silos,and there is no intra-system communication,leading to a lack of complete supply chain traceability for all apparel ***,apparel stakeholders are reluctant to share their business information with business competitors;thus,they involve third-party auditors to ensure the quality of the final ***,the apparel manufacturing industry faces challenges with counterfeit products,making it difficult for consumers to determine the authenticity of the ***,in this paper,a trustworthy apparel product traceability framework called ChainApparel is developed using the Internet of Things(IoT)and blockchain to address these challenges of authenticity and traceability of apparel ***,multiple smart contracts are designed and developed for registration,process execution,audit,fault,and product traceability to authorize,validate,and trace every business transaction among the apparel ***,the real-time performance analysis of ChainApparel is carried out regarding transaction throughput and latency by deploying the compute nodes at different geographical locations using Hyperledger *** results conclude that ChainApparel accomplished significant performance under diverse workloads while ensuring complete traceability along the complex supply chain of the apparel ***,the ChainApparel framework helps make the apparel product more trustworthy and transparent in the market while safeguarding trust among the industry stakeholders.

关键词： Blockchain smart contracts hyperledger fabric Internet of Things traceability apparel industry 4.0

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家禽红螨(鸡皮刺螨)的杀螨剂抗药性及其管理方法

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养禽与禽病防治 2024年第2期 18-28页

作者： R.Z.Abbas D.D.Colwell Z.Iqbal A.Khan 刘红(校对) Department of Parasitology University of AgricultureFaisalabad-38040Pakistan Livestock Parasitology Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaLethbridge Research Centre54031st Ave.S.LethbridgeAB.T1J 4B1Canada Department of Pathology University of AgricultureFaisalabad-38040Pakistan 默沙东动物保健品(上海)有限公司

家禽红螨(鸡皮刺螨)是一种危害养鸡业的吸血害虫,是世界许多地方家禽生产中的重要问题。尽管免疫学、生物技术和遗传学方法取得了进展,但控制家禽红螨却通常仍依赖于合成杀螨剂。随着这些化合物的反复长期使用导致了家禽螨虫抗药性种群... 详细信息

家禽红螨(鸡皮刺螨)是一种危害养鸡业的吸血害虫,是世界许多地方家禽生产中的重要问题。尽管免疫学、生物技术和遗传学方法取得了进展,但控制家禽红螨却通常仍依赖于合成杀螨剂。随着这些化合物的反复长期使用导致了家禽螨虫抗药性种群的形成,可用的有效杀螨剂正在迅速减少。因此需要不断研制新型的化学杀螨剂来取代旧的杀螨剂,但新型杀螨剂的开发和注册是一个漫长且昂贵的过程,故保持和维持现有杀螨剂的有效性至关重要。本综述分为2部分:第一部分提供了对鸡皮刺螨杀螨剂抗药性的基本认识;第二部分提供了关于保持现有杀螨剂有效性的抗药性管理的详细信息。

关键词：家禽红螨杀螨剂杀螨剂抗药性抗药性管理

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Wolbachia pipientis:A potential candidate for combating and eradicating dengue epidemics in Pakistan

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第12期8卷 963-973页

作者： Uruj Tahir Umair Hassan Khan Muhammad Saad Zubair Bahar-e-Mustafa Department of Environmental Sciences Fatima Jinnah Women University Department of Microbiology.university of Agriculture faisalabad Department of Microbiology.Government College university faisalabad

Dengue virus syndrome is an emerging global health challenge which is endemic in tropical countries like *** recent years dengue incidences have increased considerably in different areas of Pakistan with more sever impacts on urban and peri-urban *** review is an effort to highlight the changing epidemiology of dengue fever,role of Government of Pakistan in disease management and control using preventive and community based approaches in the ***,there is an emphasis on application of Wolbachia as novel,inexpeasive and environmentally benign candidate for control and eradication of dengue transmitting vectors.

关键词： Dengue Pakistan Antiviral agents Chemical methods

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Heat Transfer Enhancement of an Automobile Engine Radiator using ZnO Water Base Nanofluids

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Journal of Thermal Science 2020年第4期29卷 1010-1024页

作者： Muhammad QASIM Muhammad SAJID KAMRAN Muhammad AMMAR Muhammad ALI JAMAL Muhammad YASAR JAVAID Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore 54890Pakistan Department of Chemical Engineering Technology Government College UniversityFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology Government College UniversityFaisalabad 38000Pakistan

In this research paper, the forced convective heat transfer enhancement of a Suzuki Mehran(VXR) 2016 radiator(heat exchanger) along with pressure drop and friction factor by utilizing Zinc oxide(Zn O) water based nanofluids has been experimentally studied. Three types of nanofluids with different volumetric concentrations of Zn O nanoparticles(0–0.3%) were employed in order to understand its effect on heat transfer enhancement. The experimental setup was completely designed as closely as possible to the car cooling system. The experimentation has been done under laminar flow conditions(186≤Re≤1127) at different fluid volume flow rates(2–12 L/min) and constant fluid inlet temperature(70°C) to the automobile radiator. A maximum enhancement in heat transfer rate, overall heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number was obtained up to 41%, 50% and 31% by using nanofluid with 0.2% volumetric concentration of nanoparticles respectively. On the other hand, the mean enhancement in pressure drop and friction factor was obtained up to 47% and 46% by using nanofluid with the same volumetric concentration of nanoparticles i.e. 0.2% respectively. The experimental results also revealed that the heat transfer rate, overall heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number of nanofluids increases by increasing the volume flow rates and volumetric concentration of nanoparticles. However, these thermal performance parameters of nanofluids started to decline when the volumetric concentration of nanoparticles was increased from 0.2% to 0.3%. Furthermore, pressure drop and friction factor of nanofluids increase by increasing the volumetric concentration of nanoparticles, while pressure drop increases and friction factor decreases by increasing the volume flow rate of nanofluids respectively. At the end, the thermal efficiency of automobile radiator with high cooling rates was obtained by using nanofluid with 0.2% volumetric concentration of nanoparticles.

关键词： ZnO nanoparticles heat transfer enhancement thermal efficiency automobile radiator

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In silico Prediction and Analysis of Potential Off-Targets and Off-Target Mutation Detection in StERF3-Gene Edited Potato Plants

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第8期92卷 2451-2460页

作者： Hafiza Arooj Razzaq Siddra Ijaz Imran Ul Haq Faisal Saeed Awan Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology(CABB) University of AgricultureFaisalabad38040Pakistan Department of Plant Pathology University of AgricultureFaisalabad38040Pakistan

The imperative aspect of the CRISPR/Cas9 system is a short stretch of 20 nucleotides of gRNA that control the overall speciﬁ*** to the small size,the chance of its multiple occurrences in the genome increases;however,a few mismatches are tolerated by the Cas9 endonuclease *** accurate and careful in silico-based off-target prediction while target selection is preferred to address the *** predictions are based on a comprehensive set of selectable ***,we investigated the possible off-target prediction and their screening in StERF3 gene-edited potato plants while developing StERF3-loss-of-function mutants using CRISPR/Cas9 *** 201 off-targets for the selected targets of the StERF3 gene were predicted,and 79 wereﬁltered as potential *** these 79,twenty-ﬁve off-targets showed scores with deﬁned cut-off values<0.5 and were analyzed in Sterf3-edited potato plants compared to wild-type *** off-targeting was found to have occurred in edited plants.

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 system potato CCTop algorithm scoring off-target edits

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