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Misconceptions in global reactions and formula writing

Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第5期12卷 419-421页

作者： Stig R. JOHANSSON the swedish section for detonics and combustion Sweden

The frequently used concept of "global reaction" is discussed and the reason for the confusion behind explained. The misconception is cleared by formula writing based on the donor–acceptor(donac) reaction concept and... 详细信息

关键词： Global reaction Donac reactions Formula writing Pyrotechnics Chlorate manufacture

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Sources and environmental fate of pyrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in the Arctic

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Emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 128-142页

作者： Jennifer E.Balmer Hayley Hung Yong Yu Robert J.Letcher Derek C.G.Muir Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme Fram CentrePO Box 6606 Langnes9296TromsøNorway Department of Biology The Citadel171 Moultrie StreetCharlestonSC29409USA Air Quality Processes Research section Environment and Climate Change Canada4905 Dufferin StreetTorontoOntarioM3H 5T4Canada Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130102China Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division Environment and Climate Change CanadaNational Wildlife Research CentreCarleton UniversityRaven RoadOttawaOntarioK1A 0H3Canada Environment and Climate Change Canada Canada Centre for Inland Waters867 Lakeshore RoadBurlingtonONL7S 1A1Canada

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are large class of hydrophobic,semi-volatile organic contaminants that may enter the environment from both natural sources and anthropogenic *** PAHs arise from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and organic matter and following dispersal via long-range transport and may subsequently deposit in surface waters,soils and sediments of remote regions,including the *** current review summarizes and discusses Arctic data that is available for combustion-derived PAHs between 2004 and early 2018,focusing largely on data collected from remote,unexploited Arctic regions and from studies that provide some evidence of a pyrogenic *** increasing use of attribution ratios,which aid in discriminating PAHs from petrogenic or pyrogenic sources,suggest PAHs found in Arctic marine waters and sediment predominantly originate from natural underwater seeps,while those measured in air,freshwater,and terrestrial environments are likely to have originated from atmospheric and combustion-derived *** efforts indicate that atmospheric PAHs in the Canadian and Norwegian Arctic are likely to have originated in the northern hemisphere e predominantly from Western Russia,northern Europe,and North *** Asia appears to be a minor source of PAHs to the Arctic,despite contributing more than 50%of global PAH *** comparison to the growing data for atmospheric PAHs,environmental data for these compounds in terrestrial and freshwater environments remain *** have been detected in Arctic biota from terrestrial,freshwater and marine environments,indicating exposure,however,levels are generally low,as most organisms efficiently metabolize parent ***,PAH emissions are expected to decline in the future,however models suggest the Arctic may not experience the same magnitude of decline projected for other world ***,future changes in climate may contribute to a re-volatilizati

关键词： Contaminants Air Biota Pyrogenic Petrogenic Review

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