Sources and environmental fate of pyrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in the Arctic

作     者：Jennifer E.Balmer Hayley Hung Yong Yu Robert J.Letcher Derek C.G.Muir 

作者机构：Arctic Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeFram CentrePO Box 6606 Langnes9296TromsøNorway Department of BiologyThe Citadel171 Moultrie StreetCharlestonSC29409USA Air Quality Processes Research SectionEnvironment and Climate Change Canada4905 Dufferin StreetTorontoOntarioM3H 5T4Canada Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130102China Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health DivisionEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaNational Wildlife Research CentreCarleton UniversityRaven RoadOttawaOntarioK1A 0H3Canada Environment and Climate Change CanadaCanada Centre for Inland Waters867 Lakeshore RoadBurlingtonONL7S 1A1Canada 

出 版 物：《Emerging Contaminants》 (新兴污染物（英文）)

年 卷 期：2019年第5卷第1期

页      面：128-142页

学科分类：07[理学] 0707[理学-海洋科学] 

基　　金：We thank the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme(AMAP)and the national programs in the circumpolar countries for their funding and support of this work.We are especially grateful to Simon Wilson Cynthia de Wit and the numerous reviewers that were a part of this process.We are thankful to the northern communities in circumpolar regions for their cooperation and collection of biological samples that yielded much of the data reviewed here.We also thank Canada's Northern Contaminants Program(NCP)for providing air data from the station of Alert and the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and Finnish Meteorological Institute(FMI)for providing the air data for Pallas 

主　　题：Contaminants Air Biota Pyrogenic Petrogenic Review 

摘      要：Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are large class of hydrophobic,semi-volatile organic contaminants that may enter the environment from both natural sources and anthropogenic *** PAHs arise from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and organic matter and following dispersal via long-range transport and may subsequently deposit in surface waters,soils and sediments of remote regions,including the *** current review summarizes and discusses Arctic data that is available for combustion-derived PAHs between 2004 and early 2018,focusing largely on data collected from remote,unexploited Arctic regions and from studies that provide some evidence of a pyrogenic *** increasing use of attribution ratios,which aid in discriminating PAHs from petrogenic or pyrogenic sources,suggest PAHs found in Arctic marine waters and sediment predominantly originate from natural underwater seeps,while those measured in air,freshwater,and terrestrial environments are likely to have originated from atmospheric and combustion-derived *** efforts indicate that atmospheric PAHs in the Canadian and Norwegian Arctic are likely to have originated in the northern hemisphere e predominantly from Western Russia,northern Europe,and North *** Asia appears to be a minor source of PAHs to the Arctic,despite contributing more than 50%of global PAH *** comparison to the growing data for atmospheric PAHs,environmental data for these compounds in terrestrial and freshwater environments remain *** have been detected in Arctic biota from terrestrial,freshwater and marine environments,indicating exposure,however,levels are generally low,as most organisms efficiently metabolize parent ***,PAH emissions are expected to decline in the future,however models suggest the Arctic may not experience the same magnitude of decline projected for other world ***,future changes in climate may contribute to a re-volatilizati