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Catalytic effect in lithium metal batteries: From heterogeneous catalyst to homogenous catalyst

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第3期90卷 305-326,I0008页

作者： Haining Fan Xuan-Wen Gao Hailong Xu Yichun Ding Shi-Xue Dou Wen-Bin Luo School of Fashion and Textiles The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 100872China Institute for Energy Electrochemistry and Urban Mines metallurgy School of MetallurgyNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina Institute of Energy Materials Science University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200000China state key laboratory of Solidification Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710000ShaanxiChina

Lithium metal batteries are regarded as prominent contenders to address the pressing needs owing to the high theoretical capacity.Toward the broader implementation,the primary obstacle lies in the intricate multi-electron,multi-step redox reaction associated with sluggish conversion kinetics,subsequently giving rise to a cascade of parasitic issues.In order to smooth reaction kinetics,catalysts are widely introduced to accelerate reaction rate via modulating the energy barrier.Over past decades,a large amount of research has been devoted to the catalyst design and catalytic mechanism exploration,and thus the great progress in electrochemical performance has been realized.Therefore,it is necessary to make a comprehensive review toward key progress in catalyst design and future development pathway.In this review,the basic mechanism of lithium metal batteries is provided along with corresponding advantages and existing challenges detailly described.The main catalysts employed to accelerate cathode reaction with emphasis on their catalytic mechanism are summarized as well.Finally,the rational design and innovative direction toward efficient catalysts are suggested for future application in metal-sulfur/gas battery and beyond.This review is expected to drive and benefit future research on rational catalyst design with multi-parameter synergistic impacts on the activity and stability of next-generation metal battery,thus opening new avenue for sustainable solution to climate change,energy and environmental issues,and the potential industrial economy.

关键词： Energy storage and conversion Metal battery Sulfur battery Air battery Catalytic effect Heterogeneous catalyst Homogeneous catalyst

Review on laser directed energy deposited aluminum alloys

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第2期6卷 84-131页

作者： Tian-Shu Liu Peng Chen Feng Qiu Hong-Yu Yang Nicholas Tan Yew Jin Youxiang Chew Di Wang Ruidi Li Qi-Chuan Jiang Chaolin Tan Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology(SIMTech) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A∗STAR)5 Cleantech LoopSingapore 636732Singapore state key laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin UniversityChangchun 130025People’s Republic of China key laboratory of Automobile Materials Ministry of Education and Department of Materials Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun 130025People’s Republic of China School of Mechanical&Automotive Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640People’s Republic of China state key laboratory of Powder metallurgy Central South UniversityChangsha 410083People’s Republic of China

Lightweight aluminum(Al)alloys have been widely used in frontier fields like aerospace and automotive industries,which attracts great interest in additive manufacturing(AM)to process high-value Al parts.As a mainstream AM technique,laser-directed energy deposition(LDED)shows good scalability to meet the requirements for large-format component manufacturing and repair.However,LDED Al alloys are highly challenging due to their inherent poor printability(e.***.low laser absorption,high oxidation sensitivity and cracking tendency).To further promote the development of LDED high-performance Al alloys,this review offers a deep understanding of the challenges and strategies to improve printability in LDED Al alloys.The porosity,cracking,distortion,inclusions,element evaporation and resultant inferior mechanical properties(worse than laser powder bed fusion)are the key challenges in LDED Al alloys.Processing parameter optimizations,in-situ alloy design,reinforcing particle addition and field assistance are the efficient approaches to improving the printability and performance of LDED Al alloys.The underlying correlations between processes,alloy innovation,characteristic microstructures,and achievable performances in LDED Al alloys are discussed.The benchmark mechanical properties and primary strengthening mechanism of LDED Al alloys are summarized.This review aims to provide a critical and in-depth evaluation of current progress in LDED Al alloys.Future opportunities and perspectives in LDED high-performance Al alloys are also outlined.

关键词： additive manufacturing laser directed energy deposition(LDED) aluminum alloys printability aluminum matrix composite auxiliary fields mechanical properties

Development in oxide metallurgy for improving the weldability of high -strength low-alloy steel-Combined deoxidizers and microalloying elements

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International Journal of Minerals,metallurgy and Materials 2024年第6期31卷 1263-1284页

作者： Tingting Li Jian Yang state key laboratory of Advanced Special Steel School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

The mechanisms of oxide metallurgy include inducing the formation of intragranular acicular ferrite(IAF)using micron-sized inclusions and restricting the growth of prior austenite grains(PAGs)by nanosized particles during welding.The chaotically oriented IAF and refined PAGs inhibit crack initiation and propagation in the steel,resulting in high impact toughness.This work summarizes the com-bined effect of deoxidizers and alloying elements,with the aim to provide a new perspective for the research and practice related to im-proving the impact toughness of the heat affected zone(HAZ)during the high heat input welding.Ti complex deoxidation with other strong deoxidants,such as Mg,Ca,Zr,and rare earth metals(REMs),can improve the toughness of the heat-affected zone(HAZ)by re-fining PAGs or increasing IAF contents.However,it is difficult to identify the specific phase responsible for IAF nucleation because ef-fective inclusions formed by complex deoxidation are usually multiphase.Increasing alloying elements,such as C,Si,Al,Nb,or Cr,con-tents can impair HAZ toughness.A high C content typically increases the number of coarse carbides and decreases the potency of IAF formation.Si,Cr,or Al addition leads to the formation of undesirable microstructures.Nb reduces the high-temperature stability of the precipitates.Mo,V,and B can enhance HAZ toughness.Mo-containing precipitates present good thermal stability.VN or V(C,N)is ef-fective in promoting IAF nucleation due to its good coherent crystallographic relationship with ferrite.The formation of the B-depleted zone around the inclusion promotes IAF formation.The interactions between alloying elements are complex,and the effect of adding dif-ferent alloying elements remains to be evaluated.In the future,the interactions between various alloying elements and their effects on ox-ide metallurgy,as well as the calculation of the nucleation effects of effective inclusions using first principles calculations will become the focus of oxide metallurgy.

关键词： oxide metallurgy technology heat affected zone high-strength low-alloy steel intragranular acicular ferrite microalloying element

Prediction of lime utilization ratio of dephosphorization in BOF steelmaking based on online sequential extreme learning machine with forgetting mechanism

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International Journal of Minerals,metallurgy and Materials 2024年第3期31卷 508-517页

作者： Runhao Zhang Jian Yang Han Sun Wenkui Yang state key laboratory of Advanced Special Steel School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

The machine learning models of multiple linear regression(MLR),support vector regression(SVR),and extreme learning ma-chine(ELM)and the proposed ELM models of online sequential ELM(OS-ELM)and OS-ELM with forgetting mechanism(FOS-ELM)are applied in the prediction of the lime utilization ratio of dephosphorization in the basic oxygen furnace steelmaking process.The ELM model exhibites the best performance compared with the models of MLR and SVR.OS-ELM and FOS-ELM are applied for sequential learning and model updating.The optimal number of samples in validity term of the FOS-ELM model is determined to be 1500,with the smallest population mean absolute relative error(MARE)value of 0.058226 for the population.The variable importance analysis reveals lime weight,initial P content,and hot metal weight as the most important variables for the lime utilization ratio.The lime utilization ratio increases with the decrease in lime weight and the increases in the initial P content and hot metal weight.A prediction system based on FOS-ELM is applied in actual industrial production for one month.The hit ratios of the predicted lime utilization ratio in the error ranges of±1%,±3%,and±5%are 61.16%,90.63%,and 94.11%,respectively.The coefficient of determination,MARE,and root mean square error are 0.8670,0.06823,and 1.4265,respectively.The system exhibits desirable performance for applications in actual industrial pro-duction.

关键词： basic oxygen furnace steelmaking machine learning lime utilization ratio dephosphorization online sequential extreme learning machine forgetting mechanism

Multiscale Simulation of Microstructure Evolution during Preparation and Service Processes of Physical Vapor Deposited c-TiAlN Coatings

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 3435-3453页

作者： Yehao Long Jing Zhong Tongdi Zhang Li Chen Lijun Zhang state key laboratory of Powder metallurgy Central South UniversityChangsha410083China

Physical Vapor Deposited(PVD)TiAlN coatings are extensively utilized as protective layers for cutting tools,renowned for their excellent comprehensive performance.To optimize quality control of TiAlN coatings for cutting tools,a multi-scale simulation approach is proposed that encompasses the microstructure evolution of coatings considering the entire preparation and service lifecycle of PVD TiAlN coatings.This scheme employs phase-field simulation to capture the essential microstructure of the PVD-prepared TiAlN coatings.Moreover,cutting simulation is used to determine the service temperature experienced during cutting processes at varying rates.Cahn-Hilliard modeling is finally utilized to consume the microstructure and service condition data to acquaint the microstructure evolution of TiAlN coatings throughout the cutting processes.This methodology effectively establishes a correlation between service temperature and its impact on the microstructure evolution of TiAlN coatings.It is expected that the present multi-scale numerical simulation approach will provide innovative strategies for assisting property design and lifespan prediction of TiAlN coatings.

关键词： Multiscale phase-field TiAlN coatings PVD cutting

Improved performance of LiMn_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)PO_(4) by addition of fluoroethylene carbonate electrolyte additive

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第6期35卷 229-233页

作者： Guihuang Fang Wei Chen Hongwei Yang Haisheng Fang Chuang Yu Maoxiang Wu Faculty of metallurgy and Energy Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China key laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China state key laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

The addition of electrolyte additives is an effective strategy for tuning the property of the electrolyte to engineer the electrode/electrolyte interface,and there exist obvious discrepancies regarding the effect of fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC)as an electrolyte additive on the performance of cathodes.Herein FEC is introduced into the electrolyte of the LiMn_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)PO_(4)/Li cell and its effect on the properties of the LiMn_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)PO_(4) is investigated.It is found that the addition of FEC in the electrolyte has a positive effect on the performance of the LiMn_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)PO_(4) cathode,which can be attributed to the reduced products generated by the interfacial side-reactions on the LiMn_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)PO_(4) cathode surface and the decreased metal dissolution in the FEC-containing electrolyte,thanks to the higher oxidation resistance of FEC and the easier and stronger binding of FEC and PF_6^(-).

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries LiMn_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)PO_(4) Cathode Electrolyte additives Fluoroethylene carbonate

Spin logic devices based on negative differential resistance -enhanced anomalous Hall effect

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International Journal of Minerals,metallurgy and Materials 2024年第6期31卷 1437-1448页

作者： Hongming Mou Ziyao Lu Yuchen Pu Zhaochu Luo Xiaozhong Zhang key laboratory of Advanced Materials(MOE) School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China state key laboratory of Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Owing to rapid developments in spintronics,spin-based logic devices have emerged as promising tools for next-generation computing technologies.This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in spin logic devices,particularly focusing on fundamental device concepts rooted in nanomagnets,magnetoresistive random access memory,spin–orbit torques,electric-field modu-lation,and magnetic domain walls.The operation principles of these devices are comprehensively analyzed,and recent progress in spin logic devices based on negative differential resistance-enhanced anomalous Hall effect is summarized.These devices exhibit reconfigur-able logic capabilities and integrate nonvolatile data storage and computing functionalities.For current-driven spin logic devices,negative differential resistance elements are employed to nonlinearly enhance anomalous Hall effect signals from magnetic bits,enabling reconfig-urable Boolean logic operations.Besides,voltage-driven spin logic devices employ another type of negative differential resistance ele-ment to achieve logic functionalities with excellent cascading ability.By cascading several elementary logic gates,the logic circuit of a full adder can be obtained,and the potential of voltage-driven spin logic devices for implementing complex logic functions can be veri-fied.This review contributes to the understanding of the evolving landscape of spin logic devices and underscores the promising pro-spects they offer for the future of emerging computing schemes.

关键词： spin logic spin–orbit torque negative differential resistance full-adder

A review on electrocatalytic CO_(2) conversion via C-C and C-N coupling

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Carbon Energy 2024年第2期6卷 167-194页

作者： Zhuangzhi Zhang Sijun Li Zheng Zhang Zhou Chen Hua Wang Xianguang Meng Wenquan Cui Xiwei Qi Jiacheng Wang Hebei Provincial laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanChina key laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina state key laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing and FinishingCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringWuhan Textile UniversityWuhanChina College of Materials Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina Hebei Iron and Steel laboratory TangshanChina Hebei key laboratory for Environment Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Materials College of Chemical EngineeringNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanChina College of metallurgy and Energy North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanChina state key laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina Institute of Electrochemistry School of Materials Science and EngineeringTaizhou UniversityTaizhouChina

Electrochemical C-C and C-N coupling reactions with the conversion of abundant and inexpensive small molecules,such as CO_(2) and nitrogencontaining species,are considered a promising route for increasing the value of CO_(2) reduction products.The development of high-performance catalysts is the key to the both electrocatalytic reactions.In this review,we present a systematic summary of the reaction systems for electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction,along with the coupling mechanisms of C-C and C-N bonds over outstanding electrocatalytic materials recently developed.The key intermediate species and reaction pathways related to the coupling as well as the catalyst-structure relationship will be also discussed,aiming to provide insights and guidance for designing efficient CO_(2) reduction systems.

关键词： C-C coupling C-N coupling CO_(2) conversion electrocatalysis urea synthesis

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原位合成核壳MC碳化物增强的M2高速钢

Journal of Central South University 2024年第1期31卷 84-100页

作者：陈楠陈龙伟滕浩李志友袁铁锤 state key laboratory of Powder metallurgy Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China College of Mechanical Engineering University of South ChinaHengyang 421001China

采用高能湿球磨M2高速钢粉末和钒铁合金,通过真空烧结制备了原位合成核壳MC碳化物增强的M2高速钢。研究了球磨后复合粉末的相组成、形貌与成分分布,分析了烧结显微组织随温度的演变,以及测试了烧结样品热处理前后的力学性能。结果表明:... 详细信息

采用高能湿球磨M2高速钢粉末和钒铁合金,通过真空烧结制备了原位合成核壳MC碳化物增强的M2高速钢。研究了球磨后复合粉末的相组成、形貌与成分分布,分析了烧结显微组织随温度的演变,以及测试了烧结样品热处理前后的力学性能。结果表明:球磨后的粉末完全细化成片状和团聚状,内部均匀分布着V元素。在1180℃下经过超固相液相烧结,改性的M2钢烧结体基本全致密化(~99.2%的相对密度)。近球形MC碳化物和不规则形状M_(6)C碳化物弥散分布在烧结高速钢的基体中,烧结液相的扩散与凝固促进MC碳化物形成了核壳结构。通过热处理,烧结合金的基体晶粒和碳化物都得到了细化,弯曲强度达到3580 MPa,硬度达到HRC58,抗划伤性能得到显著增强。

关键词：高速钢碳化物显微组织力学性能微划痕