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Pluripotency of induced pluripotent stem cells

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2012年第1期3卷 3-9页

作者： Lan Kang Shaorong Gao National institute of biological Sciences NIBSBeijing102206China

Recent studies have demonstrated that differentiated somatic cells from various mammalian species can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem （iPS） cells by the ectopic expression of four transcription factors that are highly expressed in embryonic stem （ES） cells. The generation of patient-specific iPS cells directly from somatic cells without using oocytes or embryos holds great promise for curing numerous diseases that are currently unresponsive to traditional clinical approaches. However, some recent studies have argued that various iPS cell lines may still retain certain epigenetic memories that are inherited from the somatic cells. Such observations have raised concerns regarding the safety and efficacy of using iPS cell derivatives for clinical applications. Recently, our study demonstrated full pluripotency of mouse iPS cells by tetraploid complementation, indicating that it is possible to obtain fully reprogrammed iPS cells directly from differentiated somatic cells. Therefore, we propose in this review that further comprehensive studies of both mouse and human iPS cells are required so that additional information will be available for evaluating the quality of human iPS cells.

关键词： induced pluripotent stem cells pluripotency reprogramming tetraploid complementation

Silk fibroin sponge combined with cell-derived ECM for tissueengineered 3D functional neural tissues

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2020年第10期63卷 2113-2122页

作者： ZHU HuiMin LIU Wei YIN Qi LI SiWei WANG ChangYong SONG Lun QIAO Xin Tissue Engineering Research Center Academy of Military Medical Sciences and Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary StudiesInstitute of Military Cognition and Brain SciencesAcademy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing 100850China Department of Neuroimmunology Beijing Institute of Brain SciencesBeijing 100850China

The construction of engineered neural tissue using cell-derived extracellular matrix(ECM)-modified scaffolds is a promising *** fibroin(SF)sponge is an advantageous scaffold for the construction of engineered neural tissues,but it can still be modified to enhance its *** mouse embryonic fibroblasts(MEFs)are proven that they can secrete amounts of ECM and soluble factors including neurotrophic ***-derived ECM is expected to improve the activity of the *** we aimed to construct 3D functional neural tissues based on MEFs-derived ECM modified SF *** were cultured on porous SF sponges and decellularized with Triton X-100 and *** decellularized ECM deposited scaffolds were characterized through scanning electron microscopy and confocal *** efficiency of decellularization was evaluated by quantifying remaining ***,we investigated the primary cortical neuronal growth and 3D neural network formation effect on MEFs-derived ECM modified SF *** to bare SF sponges,ECM-SF sponges showed improved neuronal growth and axon extension indicated by immunofluorescence staining and ***,ECM-SF sponges showed increased 3D neural network formation with functional ***,this study demonstrated that functionalization of SF scaffolds using cell-derived ECM could improve the bioactivity of SF materials and provide an ideal microenvironment for functional neural tissue formation.

关键词： silk fibroin cell-derived matrix tissue engineering neuron scaffold

Immunological function of familial Mediterranean fever disease protein Pyrin

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2014年第12期57卷 1156-1161页

作者： YANG Jie Ling XU Hao SHAO Feng National institute of biological Sciences National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Pyrin,encoded by MEFV gene,is conserved in humans and *** in the MEFV gene are associated with the human autoinflammatory disease familial Mediterranean fever(FMF).Pyrin can interact with the inflammasome adaptor ASC and induce inflammatory caspase-1 activation in monocytic cells,but the physiological function of Pyrin has been unknown for many *** we summarize previous studies of Pyrin function under the context of FMF and immunity,and discuss a recent study demonstrating that Pyrin forms an inflammasome complex for caspase-1 activation in innate *** inflammasome detects inactivating modifications of host Rho GTPases by diverse bacterial toxins and infections,including Clostridium difficile glucosylating cytotoxin Tcd B,FIC-domain adenylyltransferase effectors from Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Histophilus somni,ADP-ribosylating Clostridium botulinum C3 toxin as well as Burkholderia cenocepacia *** mode of Pyrin action,i.e.,sensing pathogen virulence activity rather than directly recognizing a microbial molecule,represents a new paradigm in innate immunity.

关键词： Pyrin MEFV Rho GTPase inflammasome Guard Model

Structural basis of the ultrasensitive calcium indicator GCaMP6

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2014年第3期57卷 269-274页

作者： DING JingJin LUO Andrew F. HU LiYan WANG DaCheng SHAO Feng National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences National institute of biological Sciences

GCaMP is one of the most widely used calcium indicators in neuronal imaging and calcium cell biology. The newly developed GCaMP6 shows superior brightness and ultrasensitivity to calcium concentration change. In this study, we determined crystal structures of CaZ＋-bound GCaMP6 monomer and dimer and presented detailed structural analyses in comparison with its par- ent version GCaMP5G. Our analyses reveal the structural basis for the outperformance of this newly developed Ca2＋ indicator. Three substitution mutations and the resulting changes of local structure and interaction explain the ultrasensitivity and in- creased fluorescence intensity common to all three versions of GCaMP6. Each particular substitution in the three GCaMP6 is also structurally consistent with their differential sensitivity and intensity, maximizing the potential of using GCaMP6 in solving diverse problems in neuronal research and calcium signaling. Our studies shall also be beneficial to further structure-guided optimization of GCaMP and facilitate the design of novel calcium indicators.

关键词： GCaMP6 calcium indicator structural basis ultrasensitivity

Exposure to dietary mercury alters cognition and behavior of zebra finches

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Current Zoology 2017年第2期63卷 213-219页

作者： John R SWADDLE Tessa R. DIEHL Capwell E, TAYLOR Aaron S. FANAEE Jessica L. BENSON Neil R. HUCKSTEP Daniel A. CRISTOL Biology Department College of William and Mary Institute for Integrative Bird Behavior Studies Williamsburg VA 23187-8795 USA biological Sciences Virginia Tech 1405 Perry Street Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

Environmental stressors can negatively affect avian cognitive abilities, potentially reducing fitness, for example by altering response to predators, display to mates, or memory of locations of food. We expand on current knowledge by investigating the effects of dietary mercury, a ubiquitous en- vironmental pollutant and known neurotoxin, on avian cognition. Zebra finches Taeniopygia gut- tata were dosed for their entire lives with sub-lethal levels of mercury, at the environmentally rele- vant dose of 1.2 parts per million. In our first study, we compared the dosed birds with controls of the same age using tests of three cognitive abilities： spatial memory, inhibitory control, and color association. In the spatial memory assay, birds were tested on their ability to learn and remember the location of hidden food in their cage. The inhibitory control assay measured their ability to ig- nore visible but inaccessible food in favor of a learned behavior that provided the same reward. Finally, the color association task tested each bird＇s ability to associate a specific color with the presence of hidden food. Dietary mercury negatively affected spatial memory ability but not inhibi- tory control or color association. Our second study focused on three behavioral assays not tied to a specific skill or problem-solving： activity level, neophobia, and social dominance. Zebra finches exposed to dietary mercury throughout their lives were subordinate to, and more active than, con- trol birds. We found no evidence that mercury exposure influenced our metric of neophobia. Together, these results suggest that sub-lethal exposure to environmental mercury selectively harms neurological pathways that control different cognitive abilities, with complex effects on be- havior and fitness.

关键词： animal behavior ecotoxicology cognition mercury spatial memory zebra finch.

Ni-catalyzed ligand-controlled divergent and selective synthesis

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Science China Chemistry 2023年第11期66卷 2951-2976页

作者： Yang Ke Wei Li Wenfeng Liu Wangqing Kong The institute for Advanced studies(IAS) Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

Scaffold diversity is a key feature of a compound library and plays a pivotal role in its success in biological ***,it is highly desirable to develop efficient strategies to rapidly construct structurally distinct and diverse“privileged”molecular scaffolds,thereby giving rise to compound libraries with selective and differing biological *** review covers recent efforts in this emerging field of Ni-catalyzed divergent and selective synthesis,and will focus on reactions using the same substrate to generate structurally diverse molecular scaffolds by varying the ligand backbone under otherwise almost identical reaction *** hope that the field will be encouraged by the progress achieved,drawing attention to the design and development of new selective catalytic systems,and revealing new modes of catalytic transformation for broader synthetic applications.

关键词： nickel catalysis chemoselectivity regioselectivity stereoselectivity divergent synthesis

Cholesterol transport through the peroxisome-ER membrane contacts tethered by PI（4,5）P2 and extended synaptotagmins

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第9期62卷 1117-1135页

作者： Jian Xiao Jie Luo Ao Hu Ting Xiao Meixin Li Zekai Kong Luyi Jiang Zimu Zhou Yacheng Liao Chang Xie Beibei Chu Honghua Miao Boliang Li Xiongjie Shi Bao-Liang Song College of Life Sciences the Institute for Advanced StudiesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China Shenzhen institute of Wuhan University Shenzhen 518057China

Most mammalian cells take up cholesterol from low-density lipoproteins(LDLs) via receptor-mediated *** reaching lysosomes,LDL-derived cholesterol continues to transport to downstream organelles including the ER for specific structural and functional *** are recently found to receive cholesterol from lysosomes through lysosomeperoxisome membrane ***,whether and how cholesterol is conveyed from peroxisomes to the ER remain ***,by combining high-resolution microscopic analyses and in vitro reconstitution of highly purified organelles or artificial liposomes,we demonstrate that peroxisomes form membrane contacts with the ER through the interaction between peroxisomal PI(4,5)P2 and ER-resident extended synaptotagmin-1,2 and 3(E-Syts).Depletion of peroxisomal PI(4,5)P2 or ESyts markedly decreases peroxisome-ER membrane contacts and induces cholesterol accumulation in ***,we show that cholesterol is delivered from 3H-labeled peroxisomes or PI(4,5)P2-containing liposomes to the ER in vitro,and that the presence of peroxisomes augments cholesterol transfer from lysosomes to the ***,our study reveals a new cholesterol transport pathway along the lysosome-peroxisome-ER membrane contacts in the cell.

关键词： Peroxisome ER membrane contacts E-Syts PI(4,5)P2

Climate variation, reproductive frequency and acorn yield in English Oaks

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第3期12卷 542-549页

作者： Mick E.Hanley Benjamin I.Cook Michael Fenner School of biological and Marine Sciences University of PlymouthPlymouthUK NASA Goddard institute for Space studies New YorkNYUSA Ocean and Climate Physics Lamont-Doherty Earth ObservatoryPalisadesNYUSA Centre for biological Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK

Aims Annually variable but synchronous production of large seed crops(‘masting’)is a widespread phenomenon in temperate *** concerns about the impacts of anthropogenic climate change(ACC)on plant reproduction gives urgency to our need to understand better the role of climate on tree reproduction,and in particular,mast *** our understanding of reproductive phenology however,there is little consensus regarding how climate affects plant reproductive effort or indeed the actual environmental triggers that underpin masting *** We used a 27-year record of acorn yield from a population of 12 Quercus robur trees located in southern England to compare mast-ing frequency and post-dispersal acorn yield each year for each tree,with long-term weather data over the same *** focussed on discrete or sequential climate cues(temperature,precipitation and frost days)as likely predictors of oak *** Findings Annual post-dispersal acorn crop varied greatly;*** acorns in 14 of the 27 years,but there was no sequential pattern of crop ver-sus non-crop years indicating that weather,rather than resource limitation alone,dictated the timing of *** years were instead most closely associated with relatively cool late sum-mer conditions in the preceding year,followed by anomalous sum-mer warmth within crop *** yield increased following dry April and above-average May and June temperatures within crop *** our results support a general association between warm late spring and summer conditions,and crop frequency and yield,respectively,the influence of cooler later summer conditions in the year prior to masting highlights how a combination of weather cues may dictate the occurrence of mast ***,our results corroborate not only the hypothesis that temperature differ-entials between consecutive years,not absolute temperatures,may be the better predictor of mast seeding events but lend support al

关键词： anthropogenic climate change environmental veto Moran effect Quercus robur reproductive effort

Vibration stimuli and the differentiation of musculoskeletal progenitor cells: Review of results in vitro and in vivo

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2015年第3期7卷 568-582页

作者： Jennifer Helen Edwards Gwendolen Clair Reilly Kroto Research institute and INSIGNEO institute for in silico Medicine Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Sheffield institute of Medical and biological Engineering Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds

Due to the increasing burden on healthcare budgets of musculoskeletal system disease and injury, there is a growing need for safe, effective and simple therapies. Conditions such as osteoporosis severely impact onquality of life and result in hundreds of hours of hospital time and resources. There is growing interest in the use of low magnitude, high frequency vibration(LMHFV) to improve bone structure and muscle performance in a variety of different patient groups. The technique has shown promise in a number of different diseases, but is poorly understood in terms of the mechanism of action. Scientific papers concerning both the in vivo and in vitro use of LMHFV are growing fast, but they cover a wide range of study types, outcomes measured and regimens tested. This paper aims to provide an overview of some effects of LMHFV found during in vivo studies. Furthermore we will review research concerning the effects of vibration on the cellular responses, in particular for cells within the musculoskeletal system. This includes both osteogenesis and adipogenesis, as well as the interaction between MSCs and other cell types within bone tissue.

关键词： Mesenchymal stem cells Mechanobiology Osteogenesis Whole body vibration Adipogenesis,osteoporosis Low magnitude, high frequency vibrationloading