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PAT(Periderm Assessment Toolkit):A Quantitative and Large-Scale Screening Method for Periderm Measurements

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Plant Phenomics 2024年第2期6卷 295-308页

作者： Gonzalo Villarino Signe Dahlberg-Wright Ling Zhang Marianne Schaedel Lin Wang Karyssa Miller Jack Bartlett Albert Martin Dang Vu Wolfgang Busch Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCAUSA

The periderm is a vital protective tissue found in the roots,stems,and woody elements of diverse plant *** plays an important function in these plants by assuming the role of the epidermis as the outermost *** its critical role for protecting plants from environmental stresses and pathogens,research on root periderm development has been limited due to its late formation during root development,its presence only in mature root regions,and its impermeability.

关键词： quantitative screening toolkit method assessment large-scale measurements periderm

Neural stem cells:mechanisms and modeling

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Protein & Cell 2012年第7期3卷 251-261页

作者： Jun Yao Yangling Mu Fred H.Gage Laboratory of Genetics The Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCA 92037USA

In the adult brain,neural stem cells have been found in two major niches:the hippocampus and the olfactory *** derived from these stem cells contribute to learning,memory,and the autonomous repair of the brain under pathological ***,the physi-ology of adult neural stem cells has become a signifi-cant component of research on synaptic plasticity and neuronal *** addition,the recently developed induced pluripotent stem cell technique provides a powerful tool for researchers engaged in the patho-logical and pharmacological study of neuronal *** this review,we briefly summarize the research progress in neural stem cells in the adult brain and in the neuropathological application of the induced pluripotent stem cell technique.

关键词： neural stem cell hippocampus olfactory bulb induced pluripotent stem cell neurodegenerative dis-ease neurodevelopmental disorder

Decision making module based on stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 202-209页

作者： Yifan Miao Li Zhao Yajun Zhang Zhe Yuan Center for Advanced Quantum studies and Department of Physics Beijing Normal University institute for Nanoelectric Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan University Interdisciplinary Center for Theoretical Physics and Information Sciences Fudan University

In biological neural systems, noise is ubiquitous but does not affect the correct decisions made in the complex cognitive ***-making in biological neural system is typically achieved by accumulating input information over a period of *** by recent developments in neurosciences, we design a decision-making module based on spintronic devices, utilizing superparamagnetic tunnel junctions as artificial neurons. The feasibility of this decision-making module is verified through circuit simulations. Taking a multi-layer perceptron as an example, the module significantly improves the accuracy of the perceptron in the handwritten digit recognition task. Furthermore, the spintronic decision-making module offers advantages over the conventional pooling methods, such as adaptive decision time, high performance and the absence of analog-to-digital conversion. The decision-making module is flexible to be integrated into artificial neural networks and provides a general yet effective solution to enhance performance against device noise.

关键词： neuromorphic computing spintronics magnetic tunnel junction neural networks

Characterization of tub_4^(P287L), a β-tubulin mutant,revealed new aspects of microtubule regulation in shade

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第9期57卷 757-769页

作者： Jie Yu Hong Qiu Xin Liu Meiling Wang Yongli Gao Joanne Chory Yi Tao School of Life Sciences Xiamen Plant Genetics Key Laboratory Xiamen University State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology Xiamen University Howard Hughes Medical institute The Salk Institute for Biological Studies Plant Biology Laboratory The Salk Institute for Biological Studies

When sun plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, are under canopy shade, elongation of stems/petioles will be induced as one of the most prominent responses. Plant hormones mediate the elongation growth. However, how environmental and hormonal signals are translated into cell expansion activity that leads to the elongation growth remains elusive. Through forward genetic study, we identi-fied shade avoidance2 (sav2) mutant, which contains a P287L mutation in b-TUBULIN 4. Cortical microtubules (cMTs) play a key role in anisotropic cell growth. Hypocotyls of sav2 are wild type-like in white light, but are short and highly swollen in shade and dark. We showed that shade not only induces cMT rearrangement, but also affects cMT stability and dynamics of plus ends. Even though auxin and brassinosteroids are required for shade-induced hypocotyl elongation, they had little effect on shade-induced rearrangement of cMTs. Blocking auxin transport suppressed dark phenotypes of sav2, while overexpressing EB1b-GFP, a microtubule plus-end binding protein, rescued sav2 in both shade and dark, suggesting that tub4P287L represents a unique type of tubulin mutation that does not affect cMT function in supporting cell elongation, but may affect the ability of cMTs to respond properly to growth promoting stimuli.

关键词： Arabidopsis microtubules plant hormones shade

Local HY5 Activity Mediates Hypocotyl Growth and Shoot-to-Root Communication

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Plant Communications 2020年第5期1卷 64-72页

作者： Yogev Burko Christophe Gaillochet Adam Seluzicki Joanne Chory Wolfgang Busch Howard Hughes Medical institute Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCA 92037USA Plant Biology Laboratory Salk Institute for Biological Studies10010 North Torrey Pines RoadLa JollaCA 92037USA Integrative Biology Laboratory Salk Institute for Biological Studies10010 North Torrey Pines RoadLa JollaCA 92037USA

Plants optimize their growth in fluctuating environments using information acquired by different *** information is then transmitted through the rest of the plant using both short-and long-distance signals,including hormones and mobile *** a few of these signals have been characterized,long-distance signaling is not well understood in ***,the light-regulated transcription factor HY5 was reported to move from the shoot to the root to regulate root *** generated a cell-type specifically expressed HY5 fusion protein that could not be detected outside the tissue in which it was *** expressing this DOF-HY5 protein in specific cell types of the hypocotyl,we showed that its local activity was sufficient to regulate hypocotyl *** also found that,although DOF-HY5 was expressed specifically in the shoot and not detected in the roots,it could rescue hy5 growth defects in primary roots but not in lateral *** therefore conclude that HY5 protein mobility is not required in the hypocotyl or for shoot-to-root *** results indicate that a signal downstream of,or in parallel with,HY5 in the shoot is mobile and links shoot and root growth.

关键词： HY5 shoot-to-root communication hypocotyl root lateral root Arabidopsis

Ageing in worms:N-acylethanolamines take control

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Protein & Cell 2011年第9期2卷 689-690页

作者： Run Shen the salk institute for biological studies 10010 North Torrey Pines RoadLa JollaCA 92037USA

studies of dietary restriction’s effect on lifespan extension in *** and other model organisms have greatly expanded our knowledge about genetic network underlying stress response,ageing,and ageing related *** key molecules and signaling pathways implicated are Foxo(daf-16)and Foxa(pha-4)transcriptional factors and the nutrient sensing insulin/TOR pathway(Wolkow et al.,2000;Panowski et al.,2007;Hansen et al.,2008).

关键词： stress Ageing expanded

“Smurf”-ing tumors on the chromatin through RNF20

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Protein & Cell 2012年第2期3卷 81-83页

作者： Wen-Wei Tsai Peptide Biology Laboratories Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCA 92037USA

In the modern mythology of Dutch comic world,Smurfs are little blue creatures who say“smurf”for anything they *** the parlance of molecular biology,there live two Smurfs so named because they are Smad ubiquitination regulator factor 1 and *** like those blue devils on the television,the molecular Smurfs are also versatile;capable of controlling bone development,actin cytoskeleton dynamics,cellular senescence,and planar cell polarity in addition to their prototypic function in transforming growth factorβ(TGF-β)***,the realm of Smurf influence has expanded even further to epigenetic modifications of histones governing the chromatin landscape.A recent study from Ying E.

关键词： Dutch expanded versatile

Lung-targeted polyzwitterionic lipid nanoparticles for effective treatment of lung inflammation

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Wen Zhang Jiaxin Li Nan Wang Muzi Li Chen Peng Xinyue Zhang Guanghui Ouyang Yan Li Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are non-viral nucleic acid delivery systems that show great potential in vaccine development and disease treatment. Although LNPs are particularly advantageous for in vivo delivery, the wide application of LNPs is impeded as their systemic delivery of nucleic acid drugs to extrahepatic tissues remains highly challenging. To address this issue, we developed lung-targeted polyzwitterionic LNPs with zwitterionic polymer poly(2-methyacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)(PMPC) modified 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol lipid for the delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA). Three libraries with 90PMPC-LNPs@siRNA were established. The polyzwitterionic PMPC-LNPs had high siRNA encapsulation efficiency of about90%. The findings revealed that polyzwitterionic PMPC-LNPs@siRNA absorbed protein corona with the main component of Vitronectin, mediating lung-targeted delivery of siRNA. With good cellular uptake and endo/lysosomal escape ability, in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that polyzwitterionic PMPC-LNPs with siRNA against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) could significantly down-regulate the TNF-α in mRNA and protein levels, and improved the pathological features of lung inflammation. Polyzwitterionic PMPC-LNPs@siRNA achieved safe and efficient treatment of lung inflammation. Therefore, this work offered a promising siRNA therapeutic approach for lung diseases.

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Gatekeepers of The Guardian:Insights Into p53 Activation by MDM2 and MDM4 Revealed by Mouse Models and In Vitro studies

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Gatekeepers of The Guardian:Insights Into p53 Activation by ...