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Improved indoor environment through optimised ventilator and furniture positioning:A case of slum rehabilitation housing,Mumbai,India

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Frontiers of architectural Research 2020年第2期9卷 350-369页

作者： Ahana Sarkar Ronita Bardhan centre for urban Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai 400076India the martin centre for architectural and urban studies Department of ArchitectureUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB21PXUnited Kingdom

This study optimized the ventilator and furniture location of a tenement unit in a low-income urban habitat to obtain maximum experiential indoor environmental quality(e-IEQ)over the breathing *** interior layouts using a combination of the two design parameters of ventilator location and bed position were generated for optimizing the design *** layout could promote maximum indoor airflow and minimum indoor air temperature and contaminant *** this study,an improved indoor environment is hypothesized to be attainable through improved natural ventilation and thermal performance in the occupied zones.A sequential methodology involving“parametric design modeling ecomputational simulationemultiobjective optimizationemulticriteria decision making”-based framework was *** exhibited that the currently designed tenement unit had a poor indoor environment,whereas the hypothesized iterated layout“optimized design layout,scenario 3(ODL 3)”derived from the optimization and decision-making algorithm performed effectively in providing *** increase in experiential indoor air velocity by 0.2 m/s and a decrease in temperature by 2C were observed over the monitoring point in the ODL 3 considering the existing ***,this study can find a way toward the development of sustainable habitat design guidelines under upcoming slum redevelopment policies across the nation.

关键词： Ventilator Furniture layout Low-income tenement Indoor environmental quality(IEQ) Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) Multiobjective multicriteria decision making(MCDM)optimization

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Post-Reform New Town Development in China

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China City Planning Review 2013年第4期22卷 57-66页

作者： Tinghai WU Chengguo ZHANG School of Architecture Institute of Architectural and Urban StudiesTsinghua University Public Policy Research centre Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies The Chinese University of Hong Kong

In this paper, we present an overview of urban practice in China since the late 1970s and come up with a refreshed concept regarding "new towns" as existing in a widely different politico-economic context. With the urbanization of capital being the theoretical backbone of this paper, we attempt to reveal basic laws inherent in the emergence and proliferation of various forms of urban spaces within a rapidly modernizing country. Considered from various viewpoints such as land institutions, national policy designs, and the fi nancial capital and bank system, our paper covers: a historical overview of China's post-reform new towns, a theoretical framework to explain related phenomena, empirical approaches to interpreting the contributory factors, and a theoretical outline for further research.

关键词： China’s new town urbanization of capital production of space spaces of capital accumulation

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Environmental chemical stressors as epigenome modifiers:a new horizon in assessment of toxicological effects

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第4期59卷 349-355页

作者： Heqing Shen F.L.martin Yanhua Su Key Laboratory of urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences centre for Biophotonics Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster University Department of Preventive Medicine School of Public Health of Xiamen University

In eukaryotic cells, chromatin transformation from euchromatin into heterochromatin as a means of controlling gene expression and replication has been known as the ‘‘accessibility hypothesis' '. The interplay of epigenetic changes including histone modifications, DNA methylation, RNA interference(RNAi) and other func- tional epigenetic components are intricate. It is believed that these changes are well-programmed, inherited and can be modified by environmental contaminant stressors. Environmentally-driven epigenetic alterations during development, e.g. embryonic, foetal or neonatal stage, may influence disease susceptibility in adulthood. Therefore, understanding how epigenome modifications develop in response to environmental chemicals and, how epigenetic-xenobiotic interactions influence human health will shed new insights into gene-environment interactions in the epidemiology of several diseases including cancer. In this review, we consider studies of chemical modifiers including nutritional and xenobiotic effects on epigenetic components in vitro or in vivo. By examining the most-studied epigenome modifications and how their respective roles are interlinked, we highlight the central role of xenbiotic- modified epigenetic mechanisms. A major requirement will be to study and understand effects following environmentally-relevant exposures. We suggest that the study of epigenetic toxicology will open up new opportunities to devise strategies for the prevention or treatment of at-risk populations.

关键词：环境化学基因修饰压力源表观毒理效应评估 DNA甲基化相互作用

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A Lattice Model for Bidirectional Pedestrian Flow on Gradient Road

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2014年第8期61卷 259-264页

作者：葛洪霞程荣军卢兆明 Faculty of Maritime and Transportation Ningbo University National Traffic Management Engineering & Technology Research centre Ningbo University Sub-centre Jiangsu Province Collaborative Innovation Center Modern urban Traffic Technologies Department of Fundamental Course Ningbo Institute of TechnologyZhejiang University Department of Civil and architectural Engineering City University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHongKong China

Ramps and sloping roads appear everywhere in the built environment. It is obvious that the movement pattern of people in the sloping path may be different as compared with the pattern on level roads. Previously, most of the studies, especially the mathematical and simulation models, on pedestrian movement consider the flow at level *** study proposes a new lattice model for bidirectional pedestrian flow on gradient road. The stability condition is obtained by using linear stability theory. The nonlinear analysis method is employed to derive the modified Korteweg-de Vries(mKdV) equation, and the space of pedestrian flow is divided into three regions: the stable region, the metastable region, and the unstable region respectively. Furthermore, the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landan(TDGL) equation is deduced and solved through the reductive perturbation method. Finally, we present detailed results obtained from the model, and it is found that the stability of the model is enhanced in uphill situation while reduced in downhill situation with increasing slope.

关键词： pedestrian flow lattice hydrodynamic model gradient road

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Sustainable urbanization: energy and environment in the Chongqing Municipality, China

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Journal of Chongqing University 2005年第4期4卷 199-207页

作者：李百战 Koen Steermers Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment Under the Ministry of Education Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 P.R. China The martin Center for architectural and urban studies Department of Architecture University of Cambridge 6 Chaucer Road Cambridge CB2 2EB UK

Chongqing is the largest municipality under the Chinese Central Government (MCG) in terms of administrative area and population and is now the most important economic and cultural center of the upper Yangtze River and Three Gorges area. The Three Gorges Dam project, one of the largest world infrastructure projects, causes a great deal of immigration to Chongqing and results in the rapid urbanization of the city, and it has brought in a great deal of environmental impact, which is a global concerned issue. This paper introduces the city profile of Chongqing municipality and its urbanization impact on energy and environment. The demand and the trend of energy consumption in built environment (building and transport) have been analysed. The living environment of Chongqing residents and the local energy efficient policy have been introduced. Finally the authors discuss the key issues of the sustainable urban development of Chongqing.

关键词： energy and environment Chongqing urbanization building transport air pollution .

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Cultivating more-than-human care: Exploring bird watching as a landscaping practice on the example of sand martins and flooded gravel pits

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Frontiers of architectural Research 2022年第6期11卷 1205-1213页

作者： Johanna Just Institute for Landscape and urban studies Prof.Teresa Galí-IzardChair of Being AliveDepartment of ArchitectureETH ZürichCH-8093 ZürichSwitzerland

The environmental crisis has created a demand for practices that build awareness about the interconnections of diverse forms of life,allowing humans to understand complex earthly relationships and reconnect with the land they *** paper contributes to this debate by investigating bird watching activities and their relevance for architects and landscape *** upon multispecies studies and the notion of landscape thinking,it examines the potential of birding as a caring landscaping *** analyzes the relationship between birders and sand martins in two case studies and probes how birders develop attentiveness for the birds and their shared *** investigation suggests that birding fosters care beyond the observed *** can trigger a landscaping practice comparable to landscape thinking that helps humans reconnect with the land,fostering response-able spatial design practices.

关键词： More-than-human Care Birding Landscaping Sand martin Gravel extraction

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A small number of male-biased candidate pheromone receptors are expressed in large subsets of the olfactory sensory neurons in the antennae of drones from the European honey bee Apis mellifera

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Insect Science 2022年第3期29卷 749-766页

作者： Joerg Fleischer Alexander Rausch Kathrin Dietze Silvio Erler Sina Cassau Jurgen Krieger martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Institute of Biologyl ZoologyDepartment of Animal PhysiologyHalle(Saale) Institute for Bee Protection Julius Kuhn Institute(JKI)-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsBraunschweigGermany

In the European honey bee(Apis mellifera),the olfactory system is essential for foraging and intraspecific communication via *** bees are equipped with a large repertoire of olfactory receptors belonging to the insect odorant receptor(OR)*** studies have indicated that the transcription level of a few OR types including OR11,a receptor activated by the queen-released pheromone compound(2£)-9-oxodecenoic acid(9-ODA),is significantly higher in the antenna of males(drones)than in female ***,the number and distribution of antennal cells expressing male-biased ORs is ***,we analyzed antennal sections from bees by in situ hybridization for the expression of the male-biased receptors OR11,OR18,and *** results demonstrate that these receptors are expressed in only moderate numbers of cells in the antennae of females(workers and queens),whereas substantially higher cell numbers express these ORs in ***,the reported male-biased transcript levels are due to sex-specific differences in the number of antennal cells expressing these *** analyses for OR11 and OR18 in drone antennae revealed expression in two distinct subsets of olfactory sensory neurons(OSNs)that in total account for approximately 69%of the OR-positive *** high percentages of OSNs expressing given receptors are reminiscent of male-biased ORs in moths that mediate the detection of female-released sex pheromone ***,our findings indicate remarkable similarities between male antennae of bees and moths and support the concept that male-biased ORs in bee drones serve the detection of female-emitted sex pheromones.

关键词： chemosensory odorant receptor olfaction pheromone detection sensilla placodea

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Predictability of the Western North Pacific Subtropical High Associated with Different ENSO Phases in GloSea5

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第5期34卷 926-940页

作者： Daquan ZHANG Gill M.martin Jose MRODRIGUEZ Zongjian KE Lijuan CHEN Laboratory for Climate studies National Climate CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Met Office Hadley centre Exeter EX 13PBUK

The western North Pacific subtropical high(WNPSH) dominates the summer climate over East Asia. The intensity,position, and shape of WNPSH influence the spatiotemporal distributions of precipitation, temperature, and tropical cyclone activities in this region. This paper intends to investigate the performance of the UK Met Office Global Seasonal forecast system version 5(GloSea5) in simulation/prediction of the WNPSH based on a hindcast dataset. Analyses of the hindcast data show a systematic bias in the mean circulation over West Pacific, with negative geopotential height anomalies over the western North Pacific(WNP) and cyclonic anomalies in the 850-hPa winds and water vapor transport, indicating a weakening and eastward shift of the WNPSH. Despite the model’s bias in the climatology, it well captured the interannual variability of the monthly and seasonal-mean intensity of the WNPSH and the position of its ridge line in boreal summer from 1993 to 2015. The seasonal hindcasts indicate that there is significant prediction skill at up to three-month lead time for both the intensity and position of the WNPSH ridge line. The relationship between the WNPSH and different phases of the El Nino–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) in both the observational data and GloSea5 hindcasts was then investigated. The model captured the summer WNPSH anomalies well during most of the ENSO phases, except in the La Nina decaying and neutral summers. The intensity of the anticyclone in the WNP is weak in the decaying phase of El Nino in the GloSea5 hindcasts compared with the reanalysis data. GloSea5 is capable of representing the lagged teleconnection between El Nino events in the previous winter and the intensity of the WNPSH in the following summer. Regression analysis reveals weakened negative sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs) over the WNP in GloSea5, which reduced the gradient between the tropical western Pacific and the tropical Indian Ocean, resulting in a weaker easterly anomaly a

关键词： western North Pacific subtropical high(WNPSH) Global Seasonal forecast system version 5(GloSea5) El Nino–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) precipitation predictability

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Foliar Micromorphology of In Vitro-cultured Shoots and Field-grown Plants of Passiflora foetida

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2017年第1期3卷 34-40页

作者： Manokari Mani Mahipal Singh Shekhawat Department of Botany Kanchi Mamunivar Centre for Post Graduate Studies Biotechnology Laboratory Department of Plant ScienceMahatma Gandhi Government College

The present report describes the development of quantitative and qualitative foliar micromorphological and architectural features in the field environment which elucidated the adaptation of micropropagated plants of Passiflora foetida L. in the natural soil conditions. The field environment(high light intensity in comparison to in vitro culture conditions) promotes the autotrophy through decrease in stomatal index(from 23.2 ± 0.15 to 21.0 ± 0.19), increased vein-islets(from 10.0 ± 0.14 to 15.6 ± 0.24 per square millimeters) and veinlet terminations(from 1.6 ± 0.14 to 5.0 ± 0.20 per square millimeters), and trichome density in P. foetida plantlets. The in vitro and field grown leaves mostly possessed anomocytic and anisocytic types of stomata. Two types of trichomes were observed on the surface of leaves of in vitro as well as field transferred plants of P. foetida: the unicellular hairy trichomes(non-glandular), and the multicellular(glandular) trichomes. The trichomes density was less under in vitro conditions as compared to the in vivo environments. The new leaves formed during the ex vitro rooting stage(in greenhouse) and after transplantation of plantlets to the field exhibited the development of adaptive micromorphological features in micropropagated plants, which enabled them to survive under field conditions.

关键词： Passiflora foetida micromorphology micropropagation stomata trichomes

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Topology optimization of shear wall structures under seismic loading

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2020年第1期19卷 105-116页

作者： Pooya Zakian Ali Kaveh Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringArak UniversityArak 38156-8-8349Iran centre of Excellence for Fundamental studies in Structural Engineering Iran University of Science and TechnologyNarmakTehran-16Iran

A topology optimization formulation is developed to find the stiffest structure with desirable material distribution subjected to seismic loads. Finite element models of the structures are generated and the optimality criteria method is modified using a simple penalty approach and introducing fictitious strain energy to simultaneously consider both material volume and displacement constraints. Different types of shear walls with/without opening are investigated. Additionally, the effects of shear wall-frame interaction for single and coupled shear walls are studied. Gravity and seismic loads are applied to the shear walls so that the definitions provide a practical approach for locating the critical parts of these structures. The results suggest new viewpoints for architectural and structural engineering for placement of openings.

关键词： topology optimization seismic loads shear wall minimum compliance multiple constraints fi nite element analysis

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