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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第1期14卷 19-30页

作者： Oumou Amadou Diallo M’bemba Traore Mamadou Cire Barry Mamadou Mouctar Ramata Diallo Hasmiou Dia Alpha Oumar Diallo ENT department Ignace Deen National Hospital Conakry Guinea paediatrics department Ignace Deen National Hospital Conakry Guinea ENT department Mamou Regional Hospital Mamou Guinea

Introduction: Acute otitis media is an acute inflammation of the mucosa of the middle ear cavities. It is often secondary to nasopharyngitis, which favors the passage of infection through the Eustachian tube to the middle ear. The aim of our study was to improve the management of AOM in the Paediatric department of the Hospital National Ignace Deen (Conakry). Patients and Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study lasting 6 months from 01 July to 31 December 2011;the study covered 525 cases out of a total of 6276 children, i.e. a frequency of 8.36%. Results: The most affected age group was 6 to 11 months. Males predominated (69.71%). 82.29% had a history of recurrent rhinopharyngitis. The most frequent reason for consultation was incessant crying (66.29%). Rhinopharyngitis and malaria were the most commonly associated pathologies (87.62% and 39.62% respectively). 72.19% of our patients were admitted with congestive AOM and received medical treatment. We recorded one case of otomastoiditis which was treated surgically. Conclusion: AOM is more common in children aged between 6 and 24 months. Good collaboration between paediatricians and ENT specialists is essential to reduce the morbidity of AOM.

关键词： Acute Otitis Media (AOM) Treatment Nasopharyngitis Eustachian Tube

Chronic liver disease is universal in children with biliary atresia living with native liver

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第43期23卷 7776-7784页

作者： Way Seah Lee Sik Yong Ong Hee Wei Foo Shin Yee Wong Chen Xi Kong Ru Bin Seah Ruey Terng Ng department of paediatrics University Malaya Medical Centre paediatrics and Child Health Research Group University Malaya

AIM To examine the medical status of children with biliary atresia(BA) surviving with native *** In this cross-sectional review,data collected included complications of chronic liver disease(CLD)(cholangitis in the preceding 12 mo,portal hypertension,variceal bleeding,fractures,hepatopulmonary syndrome,portopulmonary hypertension) and laboratory indices(white cell and platelet counts,total bilirubin,albumin,international normalized ratio,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,γ-glutamyl transpeptidase). Ideal medical outcome was defined as absence of clinical evidence of CLD or abnormal laboratory indices. RESULTS Fifty-two children [females = 32,62%; median age 7.4 years,n = 35(67%) older than 5 years] with BA(median age at surgery 60 d,range of 30 to 148 d) survived with native liver. Common complications of CLD noted were portal hypertension(40%,n = 21; 2 younger than 5 years),cholangitis(36%) and bleeding varices(25%,n = 13; 1 younger than 5 years). Fifteen(29%) had no clinical complications of CLD and three(6%) had normal laboratory indices. Ideal medical outcome was only seen in 1 patient(2%). CONCLUSION Clinical or laboratory evidence of CLD are present in 98% of children with BA living with native livers after hepatoportoenterostomy. Portal hypertension and variceal bleeding may be seen in children younger than 5 years of age,underscoring the importance of medical surveillance for complications of BA starting at a young age.

关键词： Biliary atresia Medical status Chronic liver disease

Study on the influence of curcumin on chemosensitivity of nephroblastoma cells

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第8期9卷 779-782页

作者： Xiao-Yong Li Yuan-Yuan Feng Wei Dan Deng Pan Guo-Feng Zhang Xian-Liang Wang Guang-Jun Hou department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou department of paediatrics Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou department of paediatrics Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Tonglu County

Objective:To study the influence of curcumin on chemosensitivity of nephroblastoma ***:Human nephroblastoma cells line SK-NEP-1 was transplanted to the nude mice subcutaneously to establish the implantation tumor model of human nephroblastoma cells.A total of 30 tumor-bearing mice were divided into three groups of ten *** routine chemotherapy group was given vincristine(0.05 mg/mL·0.2 mL/d) and actinomycin D(15 ng/mL·0.2 mL/d) combined chemotherapy *** curcumin chemotherapy group was given the same combined chemotherapy regimens and curcumin(30 mg/kg/d) by intraperitoneal *** control group was given normal saline(NS) of the same volume by intraperitoneal *** administration would be kept for 4 weeks and 3 days a *** volumetric changes of every group were *** serum of every group in different time was collected and the VEGF content was detected by *** mice were cercrificed and the tumor tissues were stripped and weighed after 4 weeks’ *** tumor inhibition rate was *** cell proliferation activity and apoptosis rate were detected by MTT and flow cytometry *** data were statistically analyzed by SPSS ***:The tumor volume,serum VEGF content,tumor inhibition rate,cell proliferation activity and apoptosis rate of routine chemotherapy group and curcumin chemotherapy group had significant differences comparing with the control group(P<0.05) after 4-week’s *** cancer growth of curcumin chemotherapy group was obviously decreased and even tended to shrink comparing with routine chemotherapy group(χ2=15.732,P=0.007).The cell proliferation activity was significantly reduced and the apoptosis rate was significantly higher,(χ~2=9.427,P=0.012)which showing the effect of chemotherapy was ***:The chemosensitivity of nephroblastoma cells could be improved by curcumin,then the effect of preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy scheme would be enhanced,the gro

关键词： Nephroblastoma Transplanted tumor model Curcumin Chemosensitivity Vincristine

Review of evolution of clinical, training and educational services and research program for autism spectrum disorders in Hong Kong

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第10期58卷 991-1009页

作者： Virginia Chun-Nei WONG Cheuk-Wing FUNG So-Lun LEE Polly Tsz Yan WONG department of paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine the University of Hong Kong Queen Mary Hospital

The evolution of a local fragmented model of services for children with autism in Hong Kong emerged gradually over the past three decades with lack of government funding or support. This had been due to increasing number of children with autism being detected and referred for earlier assessment. With increasing pressure from parents due to long waiting time for assessment and training services and the increasing polarization by mass media there had been a gradual increasing public awareness over the past five years. Though still highly fragmented in the availability of services, there is a growing "business model" available in the community due to increasing need and lack of public funding for support. There is a lack of strategic planning for medical diagnostic and management issues in Hong Kong. Our University of Hong Kong based Autism Research Program was pioneered in 1985 based on the increasing load of autism cases referred for assessment for other developmental problems and diagnosed as Autism in the Duchess of Kent Children's Hospital. As the first author has been the staff of the University of Hong Kong, this program flourished as a research based program. The benefits of early identification and intervention of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) had been increasingly recognized, and with the increased public awareness and increasing trend of earlier diagnosis, there has been a continuously high demand from parents for earlier assessment and training for children suspected to have ASD. This model had not received extra funding for this integrated program for research, teaching and training in autism. We had to apply for various donations and grants to support the development of this pioneer program. The research output and organization of forums for public education and awareness are reviewed. The latter part of the paper reports the summary of clinical profile of autism cases(N=1441) assessed from 1985 to 2010 June under the University of Hong Kong. As the waiti

关键词： autism spectrum disorder (ASD) autism Asperger syndrome children

Evaluation of the Quick Wee method of inducing faster clean catch urine collection in pre‑continent infants: a randomized controlled trial

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第1期18卷 43-49页

作者： Aoife Branagan Niofa Canty Evanne O’Halloran Marian Madden Michael Brendan O’Neill department of paediatrics Mayo University HospitalCastlebarCo.MayoIreland

Introduction The acquisition of non-contaminated urine samples in pre-continent infants remains a *** Quick Wee method uses bladder stimulation to induce voiding.A previous randomized trial showed a higher rate of voiding within 5 minutes using this *** evaluated this method in an Irish hospital providing secondary *** A non-blinded,randomized,controlled trial was carried *** infants were between 1 and 12 months of age,who required urine sampling as part of clinical *** were randomly allocated to receive the intervention(Quick Wee Method—supra-pubic stimulation with cold saline)or the control(usual care—clean catch with no bladder stimulation)for 5 *** outcome was voiding of urine within 5 *** A total of 140 infants were included in this study(73 in intervention group;67 in control group).Baseline characteristics were similar.25%in the intervention group passed urine in the 5-min trial period compared with 18%in the control group[P=0.4,absolute diference 7%(95%confdence interval:−7%to+20%)].Conclusion The Quick Wee method is a simple and inexpensive intervention that did not show a statistically signifcant increase in urine samples obtained in pre-continent infants.

关键词： Infant Urinalysis Urinary tract infection Urine specimen collection

Glucomannan for abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders in children:A randomized trial

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第20期19卷 3062-3068页

作者： Andrea Horvath Piotr Dziechciarz Hania Szajewska department of paediatrics the Medical University of WarsawDzialdowska 1Poland

AIM:To assess the efficacy of glucomannan(GNN) as the sole treatment for abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs).METHODS:We conducted a double-blind,placebocontrolled,randomized *** were recruited among children referred to the department of paediatrics,Medical University of *** in the study were children aged 7-17 years with abdominal pain-related FGIDs classified according to the Rome Ⅲ diagnostic *** children were randomly assigned to receive GNN,a polysaccharide of 1,4-D-glucose and D-mannose,a soluble fiber from the Japanese Konjac plant,at a dosage of 2.52 g/d(1 sachet of 1.26 g 2 times a day),or a comparable placebo(maltodextrin) at the same *** content of each sachet was dissolved in approximately 125 mL of fluid and was consumed twice daily for 4 ***:Of the 89 eligible children,84(94%) completed the study."No pain" and "treatment success"(defined as no pain or a decrease ≥ 2/6 points on the FACES Pain Scale Revised) were similar in the GNN(n = 41) and placebo(n = 43) groups [no pain(12/41 vs 6/43,respectively;RR = 2.1,95%CI:0.87-5.07) as well as treatment success(23/41 vs 20/43;RR = 1.2,95%CI:0.79-1.83)].No significant differences between the groups were observed in the secondary outcomes,such as abdominal cramps,abdominal bloating/gassiness,episodes of nausea or vomiting,or a changed in stool *** demonstrated no significant influence on the number of children requiring rescue therapy,school absenteeism,or daily ***:In our setting,GNN,as dosed in this study,was no more effective than the placebo in achieving therapeutic success in the management of FGIDs in children.

关键词： Functional abdominal pain Abdominal painrelated functional gastrointestinal disorders Children

Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene and multidrug resistance 1 gene to refractory epilepsy in Chinese Han children

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Neural Regeneration Research 2009年第11期4卷 901-906页

作者： Guangxin Wang Zuocheng Yang Ruifeng Jin Ruopeng Sun department of paediatrics Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan 250012 Shandong Province China department of paediatrics Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha 410013 Hunan Province China Institute of paediatrics Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University Jinan 250022 Shandong Province China

BACKGROUND： There are two hypotheses for the underlying cause of refractory epilepsy：＂target＂ and ＂transport＂. Studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） is over-expressed in refractory epilepsy. Multidrug resistance 1 （MDR1） gene encodes for P-glycoprotein, the primary ATP-binding cassette transporter in the human body. Some single nucleotide polymorphisms of the MDR1 gene have been associated with refractory epilepsy. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the association between BDNF gene C270T polymorphism and MDR1 T-129C polymorphism with refractory epilepsy in Chinese Han children through the use of polymerase chain reaction （PCR）-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A case-control, genetic association study was performed at the Central Laboratory, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from June 2005 to November 2007. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 84 cases of unrelated children with epilepsy, including 41 cases of refractory epilepsy and 43 cases of drug-responsive epilepsy, were enrolled. An additional 30 healthy, Chinese Han children, whose ages and gender matched the refractory epilepsy patients, were selected as normal controls. METHODS： Venous blood was collected and genomic DNA was extracted from the blood specimens. C270T polymorphism in BDNF gene and T-129C polymorphism in MDR1 gene were genotyped using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Association analysis using the Ftest and Chi-square test was statistically performed between C270T polymorphism in BDNF gene and T-129C polymorphism in MDR1 gene and refractory epilepsy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies of C270T polymorphism in BDNF gene and T-129C polymorphism in MDR1 gene. RESULTS： The distribution of CC, CT, and TT genotypes, as well as C and T allele frequencies, in the BDNF gene was not significantly different between the refractory epilepsy group, drug-responsive epilepsy group

关键词： brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene multidrug resistance 1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms children refractory epilepsy

Irritable bowel syndrome in children:Current knowledge, challenges and opportunities

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第21期24卷 2211-2235页

作者： Niranga Manjuri Devanarayana Shaman Rajindrajith department of Physiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Kelaniya department of paediatrics Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Kelaniya

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is a common and troublesome disorder in children with an increasing prevalence noted during the past two decades. It has a significant effect on the lives of affected children and their families and poses a significant burden on healthcare systems. Standard symptom-based criteria for diagnosis of pediatric IBS have changed several times during the past two decades and there are some differences in interpreting symptoms between different cultures. This has posed a problem when using them to diagnose IBS in clinical practice. A number of potential patho-physiological mechanisms have been described, but so far the exact underlying etiology of IBS is unclear. A few potential therapeutic modalities have been tested in children and only a small number of them have shown some benefit. In addition, most of the described patho-physiological mechanisms and treatment options are based on adult studies. These have surfaced as challenges when dealing with pediatric IBS and they need to be overcome for effective management of children with IBS. Recently suggested top-down and bottom-up models help integrating reported patho-physiological mechanisms and will provide an opportunity for better understanding of the diseases process. Treatment trials targeting single treatment modalities are unlikely to have clinically meaningful therapeutic effects on IBS with multiple integrating patho-physiologies. Trials focusing on multiple combined pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies are likely to yield more benefit. In addition to treatment, in the future, attention should be paid for possible prevention strategies for IBS.

关键词： abdominal pain functional gastrointestinal disorder Irritable bowel syndrome management microbiota patho-physiology post-infectious

Primary Immunodeficiencies:“New” Disease in an Old Country

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2009年第6期6卷 397-406页

作者： Pamela P.W.Lee Yu-Lung Lau department of paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine The University of Hong KongHKSARChina department of paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Room 1171/F New Clinical BuildingQueen Mary HospitalPokfulamHong KongChina

Primary immunodeficiency disorders(PIDs)are rare inborn errors of the immune *** with PIDs are unique models that exemplify the functional and phenotypic consequences of various immune defects underlying infections,autoimmunity,lymphoproliferation,allergy and *** 150 PID syndromes were characterized in the past 60 years,with an ever growing list of new entities being *** of their rarity,multi-center collaboration for pooled data analysis and molecular studies is important to gain meaningful insights into the phenotypic and genetic diversities of *** this article,we summarize our research findings on PIDs in Chinese population in the past 20 *** collaboration among various immunology centers,cross-referrals and systematic data analysis constitute the foundation for research on *** directions include establishment of a national PID registry,raising awareness of PIDs and securing sufficient resources for patient care and scientific research.

关键词： primary immunodeficiency disorders immunodeficiencies development research China

Parasite reduction ratio one day after initiation of artemisinin-based combination therapies and its relationship with parasite clearance time in acutely malarious children

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 1270-1283页

作者： Kazeem Akano Godwin Ntadom Chimere Agomo Christian T.Happi Onikepe A.Folarin Grace O.Gbotosho Olugbenga Mokuolu Finomo Finomo Joy C.Ebenebe Nma Jiya Jose Ambe Robinson Wammanda George Emechebe Oluwabunmi K.Basorun Olubunmi A.Wewe Sikiru Amoo Nnenna Ezeigwe Stephen Oguche Bayo Fatunmbi Akintunde Sowunmi department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Antimalarial Therapeutic Efficacy Monitoring Group National Malaria Elimination ProgrammeThe Federal Ministry of HealthAbujaNigeria department of Medical Laboratory Science University of LagosLagosNigeria department of Biological Sciences and African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases(ACEGID) Redeemer UniversityEdeNigeria Institute for Medical Research and Training University of IbadanIbadanNigeria department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria department of paediatrics University of IlorinIlorinNigeria department of paediatrics Federal Medical CentreYenagoaNigeria department of paediatrics Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaNigeria department of paediatrics Uthman Dan Fodio UniversitySokotoNigeria department of paediatrics University of MaiduguriMaiduguriNigeria department of paediatrics Ahmadu Bello UniversityZariaNigeria department of paediatrics Imo State University Teaching HospitalOrluNigeria department of paediatrics University of JosJosNigeria World Health Organization Country OfficeKampalaUganda

Background:In acute falciparum malaria,asexual parasite reduction ratio two days post-treatment initiation(PRRD2)≥10000 per cycle has been used as a measure of the rapid clearance of parasitaemia and efficacy of artemisinin ***,there is little evaluation of alternative measures;for example,parasite reduction ratio one day after treatment initiation(PRRD1)and its relationship with parasite clearance time(PCT)or *** study evaluated the use of PRRD1 as a measure of responsiveness to antimalarial ***:In acutely malarious children treated with artesunate-amodiaquine(AA),artemether-lumefantrine(AL)or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine(DHP),the relationships between PRRD1 or PRRD2 and PCT,and between PRRD1 and PRRD2 were evaluated using linear *** between estimates of PCT using PRRD1 and PRRD2 linear regression equations was evaluated using the Bland-Altman *** of PRRD1>5000 per half cycle and PRRD2≥10000 per cycle were evaluated using stepwise multiple logistic regression *** the linear regression equation of the relationship between PRRD1 and PCT previously generated in half of the DHP-treated children during the early study phase,PCT estimates were compared in a prospective blinded manner with PCTs determined by microscopy during the later study phase in the remaining ***:In 919 malarious children,PRRD1 was significantly higher in DHP-and AA-treated compared with AL-treated children(P15months,parasitaemia>10000/μl and DHP treatment independently predicted PRRD1>5000 per half cycle,while age>30months,haematocrit≥31%,body temperature>37.4°C,parasi

关键词： Falciparum malaria Artemisinin-based combination therapies Parasite clearance Children Nigeria