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epidemiology of burns and scalds in children presenting to the emergency department of a regional burns unit: a 7-year retrospective study

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Burns & Trauma 2016年第3期4卷 245-250页

作者： Ceri Elisabeth Battle Vanessa Evans Karen James Katherine Guy Janet Whitley Phillip Adrian Evans department of Emergency Medicine NISCHR Haemostasis Biomedical Research UnitMorriston HospitalSwanseaUK department of Physiotherapy Morriston HospitalSwanseaUK department of Emergency Medicine NISCHR Haemostasis Biomedical Research UnitMorriston HospitalSwanseaUK department of Physiotherapy Morriston HospitalSwanseaUK department of Emergency Medicine Morriston HospitalSwanseaWales SA66NLUK

Background:Variation in the incidence and mechanism of thermal injury has been reported in different age groups in *** aim of this study was to report the incidence,mechanisms,and environmental factors of all burns presentations to the emergency department(ED)of a regional burns centre over a 7-year ***:A retrospective,chart review study of all burns presentations to the ED of a regional burns centre in South Wales was *** children recorded as having sustained a burn or scald,aged less than 16 years were included in the ***’demographics were analysed using descriptive statistics,and comparisons were made between patients aged less than 5 and patients aged 5-16 using chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U ***:A total of 1387 cases were included in the final *** were the most common thermal injury with 569(41.0%)reported,followed by contact burns in 563(40.6%)*** patients requiring hospitalisation were significantly younger(2 vs 3 years;p<0.001)and had a higher rate of non-accidental injury(10 vs 4;p<0.001).The most commonly injured site in both age groups was a hand or ***:Scalds and contact burns were the most commonly reported thermal injury in children aged less than *** mechanisms were hot beverages,hobs and hair straighteners,highlighting further burn prevention strategies are needed and good-quality prospective studies that investigate the effectiveness of such strategies.

关键词： Burns epidemiology Paediatrics Emergency department

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Fish sauce and gastric cancer:an ecological study in Fujian Province,China

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第5期6卷 671-675页

作者： Lin Cai Shun Zhang Yu Wei Min Ye Ying Nan Yi department of epidemiology Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350004China department of epidemiology Shanghai Medical UniversityShanghai 200032China

AIM To explore the relationship betweenconsumption of fish sauce and the risk of gastriccancer in Fujian *** An ecological study was carriedout.A total of 11000 subjects from 55 townshipswere randomly selected from 10 counties withinFujian *** subjects were localresidents who had been living in Fujian Provincefor more than 20 years,within the age group of45-74 *** interviewers conductedface-to-face interviews with a standardizedquestionnaire,which covered the frequency andamount of food intake,dietary habit,tobaccoand alcohol consumption and history of chronicgastric *** and multivariateanalyses were performed using Epi-info and SASstatistical packages,*** A significant correlation betweenmonthly consumption of fish sauce and mortalityof gastric cancer was ***’scoefficient of correlation was statisticallysignificant with r=0.7356 for males,r=0.5246for females(P<0.01).In the multivariateanalysis,consumption of fish sauce still showedan association with the risk of gastric *** significant positive correlation betweenesophagus cancer,liver cancer,colon cancerand consumption of fish sauce were *** Long-term intake of fish saucemay be related to high mortality of *** of fish sauce might be oneof important and unique etiologic factors ofgastric cancer in Fujian *** are needed to confirm this ecologicalstudy.

关键词： stomach neoplasm/etiology food habits risk factors nit rosamines epidemiology fish products fish sauce carcinogens

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Genetic and environmental risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma

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Chinese Medical Journal 2004年第5期117卷 706-710页

作者：范宝剑梁旭辉汪宁林顺潮刘瑶谭霭仙彭智培 department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences department of epidemiology & Biostatistics department of Ophthalmology

Background Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is characterized by optic nerve damage and consists of a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders. This study was to investigate the associations of genetic and environmental factors with POAG in a hospital-based Chinese population Methods Thirty-two adult onset POAG patients and 96 age-sex matched control subjects were studied by multivariable logistic regression analysis for the relationships between POAG and its risk factors including family history, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and polymorphisms of the myocilin and the optineurin genes Results Univariate analysis showed that POAG was related to family history, cardiovascular disease, alcohol consumption and a myocilin sequence alteration (T353I) ( P <0 04) Multivariable logistic regression analysis confirmed that POAG was significantly associated with family history ( OR =20 2), hypertension ( OR =3 58), cigarette smoking ( OR =10 8), alcohol consumption ( OR =0 028) and T353I ( OR =6 03, all P <0 05) Conclusions Family history, hypertension, cigarette smoking and T353I in the myocilin gene are risk factors for POAG Alcohol consumption, however, has a protective effect

关键词： glaucoma open-angle · risk factors · genes

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Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of gastric cancer in Changle County,Fujian Province,China

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第3期6卷 374-376页

作者： Lin Cai Shun Zhang Yu Zuo Feng Zhang department of epidemiology Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350004Fujian ProvinceChina department of epidemiology Shanghai Medical UniversityShanghai 200032China department of epidemiology UCLA School of Public HealthLos Angeles CaliforniaUSA

AIM To evaluate the effects of Helicobacterpylori infection and other environmental factorson the development of gastric *** A population-based case-controlstudy was conducted in Changle County,*** primary gastric cancer cases werehistologically confirmed or diagnosed by surgerybetween,January 1996 and March *** were randomly selected and matched byage,sex,and neighborhood of *** of 101 pairs were included in the *** trained interviewers conducted face-to-face interviews with the subjects according toa standardized *** infections were measured by serum IgGantibody to Helicobacter *** Regression analysis was *** The presence of IgG antibody toHelicobacter pylori was 63.7% in studysubjects,56.0% in patients with cardiac cancer,and 60.5% in patients with non-cardiac *** risk factors of gastric cancer inChangle County were identified such as loweducational level[OR=3.864;95% confidenceinterval(95% CI)1.604-9.311],lowconsumption of fresh vegetables(OR=4.925;95%Cl 1.356-17.885),high intake of fish sauce(OR=10.587;95% Cl 2.821-39.738),unscheduled meals(OR=4.254;95%Cl 1.445- 12.552),and Helicobacter pylori infection(OR=3.453;95%Cl 0.901-13.224).CONCLUSION Helicobacter pylori infectionmay be important in the etiology of gastriccancer,but major risk factors other thanHelicobacter pylori are responsible for the highgastric morbidity in Changle County.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori stomach neoplasm risk factors case control studies

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Importance must be attached to correcting unhealthy lifestyles in prevention and control of hypertension

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2019年第3期16卷 176-177页

作者： Zhao-Su WU department of epidemiology Beijing Anzhen Hospital

On the macro level,the ‘2018 Chinese Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension’[1] provides a detailed overview on the population strategies for hypertension prevention as well as the principles and methods of community standardized management for hypertension control,with particular emphasis on the significance of correcting unhealthy lifestyles for the prevention and control of hypertension and its complications.?

关键词： Hypertension treatment Lifestyle modification Unhealthy lifestyles

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第21期20卷 6457-6469页

作者： Ji Lin Jian-Feng Wu Qi Zhang Hong-Wei Zhang Guang-Wen Cao department of epidemiology Second Military Medical University

Chronic infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the major causes of cirrhosis globally. It takes 10-20 years to progress from viral hepatitis to cirrhosis. Intermediately active hepatic inflammation caused by the infections contributes to the inflammation-necrosis-regeneration process, ultimately cirrhosis. CD8+ T cells and NK cells cause liver damage via targeting the infected hepatocytes directly and releasing pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokines. Hepatic stellate cells play an active role in fibrogenesis via secreting fibrosis-related factors. Under the inflammatory microenvironment, the viruses experience mutation-selection-adaptation to evade immune clearance. However, immune selection of some HBV mutations in the evolution towards cirrhosis seems different from that towards hepatocellular carcinoma. As viral replication is an important driving force of cirrhosis pathogenesis, antiviral treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogs is generally effective in halting the progression of cirrhosis, improving liver function and reducing the morbidity of decompensated cirrhosis caused by chronic HBV infection. Interferon-α plus ribavirin and/or the direct acting antivirals such as Vaniprevir are effective for compensated cirrhosis caused by chronic HCV infection. The standard of care for the treatment of HCV-related cirrhosis with interferon-α plus ribavirin should consider the genotypes of IL-28B. Understanding the mechanism of fibrogenesis and hepatocyte regeneration will facilitate the development of novel therapies for decompensated cirrhosis.

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus Evolution Immune cells Signaling pathway Hepatic stellate cells Antiviral therapy

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The prevalence rates of major chronic diseases in retired and in-service Chinese military officers(2000-2016): a meta-analysis

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Military Medical Research 2018年第3期5卷 231-241页

作者： Thermite Mara Long-Teng Ma Shuo Wang Ling Wang Fan Yang Jia-Hui Song Yi-Chun Cao Jian-Hua Yin Guang-Wen Cao department of epidemiology Second Military Medical University

Background:Chronic diseases cause a tremendous burden to the military medical ***,the prevalence rates of major chronic diseases among military officers remain unclear in ***:China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals(VIP),Pub Med and Web of Science were searched for studies(from 2000 to 2016)concerning 6 major chronic diseases:hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes mellitus,heart diseases,cerebrovascular diseases,and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases(COPD)in Chinese military officers following strict inclusion and exclusion *** researchers independently extracted data from the included studies,and a fourth researcher reviewed and solved every *** analysis was performed with STATA 14.0 and R *** was evaluated by the I^2 value.A random effect model was performed to combine the heterogeneous *** Egger test was performed to test the publication ***:A total of 90,758 military officers derived from 75 articles were pooled *** bias was only observed in 37 studies reporting heart disease(P_(Egger test)=0.01).The overall prevalence rates of hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes mellitus,heart diseases,cerebrovascular diseases,and COPD were 46.6%(95%CI 41.8%–51.5%),30.9%(26.4%–35.7%),20.7%(16.5%–25.7%),48.2%(41.7%–54.9%),20.2%(14.8%–26.9%)and 16.6%(12.9%–21.0%),*** prevalence rates of hypertension,diabetes,heart disease,cerebrovascular disease,and COPD,rather than hyperlipidemia,increased with age in Chinese military *** diseases(P_(Q-test)<0.001)and hypertension(P_(Q-test)<0.001)increased sharply in retired officers compared with officers in *** disease was more frequent in Northern Theater Command than in any other theater command(P_(Q-test)<0.001).Conclusion:Major chronic diseases heavily affect Chinese military officers,especially *** intervention s

关键词： Chronic diseases Meta-analysis Hypertension,Hyperlipidemia Diabetes Cerebrovascular disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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Polychlorinated biphenyls and omega-3 fatty acid exposure from fish consumption,and thyroid cancer among New York anglers

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第3期28卷 270-277页

作者： Alyson Haslam Sara Wagner Robb Matthew R.Bonner William Lindblad Joey Allegra Ye Shen John E.Vena department of epidemiology and Biostatistics College of Public HealthUniversity of Georgia department of epidemiology and Environmental Health School of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity of Buffalo department of Public Health Sciences School of MedicineMedical University of South Carolina

Fish from the Great Lakes contain polychlorinated biphenyls（PCBs）which have been shown to disrupt endocrine function and mimic thyroid hormones,but they also contain beneficial omega-3 fatty acids that may offer protection against endocrine *** purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Lake Ontario fish consumption and the estimated consumption of PCBs and omega-3 fatty acids on the risk of thyroid cancer in a group of sport *** from the New York State Angler Cohort Study were followed for cancer incidence from 1991–***-seven cases of incident thyroid cancer and 108 controls were included in the *** estimated fish consumption,estimated omega-3 fatty acid consumption,and estimated PCB consumption from Lake Ontario fish were examined for an association with the incidence of thyroid cancer,while matching on sex,and controlling for age and smoking *** from logistic regression indicate no significant associations between fish consumption,short-term estimated omega-3 fatty acids,or estimated PCB consumption from Great Lakes fish and the development of thyroid cancer,but it was suggested that long-term omega-3 fatty acid from Great Lakes fish may be protective of the development of thyroid *** conclusion,fish consumption,with the possible concomitant PCBs,from the Great Lakes does not appear to increase the risk of thyroid cancer in New York *** research is needed in order to separate the individual health effects of PCBs from omega-3 fatty acids contained within the fish.

关键词： Polychlorinated biphenyls Omega-3 fatty acids Thyroid cancer Lake Ontario Fish consumption

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Epidemiologic methods for investigating male fecundity

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第1期16卷 17-22页

作者： Jrn Olsen Cecilia Host Ramlau-Hansen department of Public Health Section for Epidemiology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark

Fertility is a couple concept that has been measured since the beginning of demography, and male fecundity （his biological capacity to reproduce） is a component of the fertility rate. Unfortunately, we have no way of measuring the male component directly, although several indirect markers can be used. Population registers can be used to monitor the proportion of childless couples, couples who receive donor semen, trends in dizygotic twinning, and infertility diagnoses. Studies using time-to-pregnancy （TTP） may identify couple subfecundity, and TTP data will correlate with sperm quality and quantity as well as sexual activity and a number of other conditions. Having exposure data available for couples with a fecund female partner would make TTP studies of interest in identifying exposures that may affect male fecundity. Biological indicators such as sperm quality and quantity isolate the male component of fertility, and semen data therefore remain an important source of information for research. Unfortunately, often over half of those invited to provide a sperm sample will refuse, and the study is then subject to a selection that may introduce bias. Because the most important time windows for exposures that impair semen production could be early fetal life, puberty, and the time of ejaculation; longitudinal data over decades of time are required. The ongoing monitoring of semen quality and quantity should continue, and surveys monitoring fertility and waiting TTP should also be designed.

关键词： data collection epidemiology epidemiological monitoring fertility sperm count time-to-pregnancy (TTP)

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Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and reproductive health in children： a review of epidemiological studies

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第1期16卷 39-49页

作者： Linn Berger Hfikonsen Andreas Ernst Cecilia Host Ramlau-Hansen department of Public Health Section for Epidemiology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark

Maternal cigarette smoking may affect the intrauterine hormonal environment during pregnancy and this early fetal exposure may have detrimental effects on the future trajectory of reproductive health. In this review, we discuss the epidemiological literature on the association between prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking and several aspects of reproductive health. The literature points towards an increased risk of the urogenital malformation cryptorchidism, but a potential protective effect on the risk of hypospadias in sons following prenatal cigarette smoking exposure. Studies on sexual maturation find a tendency towards accelerated pubertal development in exposed boys and girls. In adult life, prenatally exposed men have impaired semen quality compared with unexposed individuals, but an influence on fecundability, that is, the biological ability to reproduce, is less evident. We found no evidence to support an association between prenatal cigarette smoking exposure and testicular cancer. Among adult daughters, research is sparse and inconsistent, but exposure to cigarette smoking in utero may decrease fecundability. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to cigarette smoking may cause some long-term adverse effects on the reproductive health.

关键词： fertility prenatal exposure puberty testicular neoplasms time-to-pregnancy

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