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Drug resistance in the sexually transmitted protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis

Cell Research 2003年第4期13卷 239-249页

作者： REBECCA L DUNNE,LINDA A DUNN,PETER UPCROFT,PETERJO’DONOGHUE,JACQUELINE A UPCROFT The Queensland Institute of Medical Research the australian centre for international and tropical health and nutrition Brisbane Queensland 4029 Australia Tie School of Molecular and Microbial Science University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia The Queensland Institute of Medical Research the australian centre for international and tropical health and nutrition Brisbane Queensland 4029 Australia The Queensland Institute of Medical Research the australian centre for international and tropical health and nutrition Brisbane Queensland 4029 Australia The School of Molecular and Microbial Science University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia The Queensland Institute of Medical Research the australian centre for international and tropical health and nutrition Brisbane Queensland 4029 Australia

Trichomoniasis is the most common, sexually transmitted infection. It is caused by the flagellated protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Symptoms include vaginitis and infections have been associated with preterm delivery, low birth weight and increased infant mortality, as well as predisposing to HIV/AIDS and cervical cancer. Trichomoniasis has the highest prevalence and incidence of any sexually transmitted infection. The 5-nitroimidazole drugs, of which metronidazole is the most prescribed, are the only approved, effective drugs to treat trichomoniasis. Resistance against metronidazole is frequently reported and cross resistance among the family of 5-nitroimidazole drugs is common, leaving no alternative for treatment, with some cases remaining unresolved. The mechanism of metronidazole resistance in T. vaginalis from treatment failures is not well understood, unlike resistance which is developed in the laboratory under increasing metronidazole pressure. In the latter situation, hydrogenosomal fu

关键词： Trichomonas vaginalis metronidazole pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase ferredoxin hydrogenase drug resistance.

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Control of neglected tropical diseases in Asia Pacific: implications for health information priorities

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2012年第1期1卷 15-18页

作者： Robert Bergquist Maxine Whittaker Ingerod 45494 Brastad Sweden australian centre for international and tropical health School of Population HealthUniversity of QueenslandHerstonQld 4006Australia

Poverty magnifies limitations posed by traditional biases and environmental *** approach towards disease control needs to recognise that socially embedded vulnerabilities can be as powerful as externally imposed *** Pacific has a specific panorama of infectious diseases,which,in common with other endemic areas,have a tendency to emerge or re-emerge if not carefully *** control aiming at elimination requires strong emphasis on surveillance and ***-designed informatics platforms can improve support systems and strengthen control activities,as they rapidly locate high-risk areas and provide detailed,up-to-date information on the performance of ongoing control programmes.

关键词： Neglected tropical diseases NTD health information systems Poverty Disease surveillance Control programmes Asia Pacific

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Recent advances in the diagnosis of human schistosomiasis

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Asian Pacific Journal of tropical Medicine 2008年第1期1卷 63-68页

作者： Jones MK australian centre for international and tropical health Queensland Institute of Medical ResearchHerstonQueenslandAustraliaSchool of Veterinary ScienceThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia

Schistosomiasis,caused by parasitic bloodflukes of the genus Schistosoma,is a major source of human disease in developing tropical *** paper reviews the diagnostic various assays for schistosomiasis,with particular reference to recent advances in assays incorporating direct parasitological examination,serology,antigen detection,and polymerase chain reaction detection of parasite genetic material.

关键词： schistosomiasis diagnosis parasitology serology

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Effect of different intensities of physical activity on cardiometabolic markers and vascular and cardiac function in adult rats fed with a high-fat high-carbohydrate diet

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Journal of Sport and health Science 2018年第1期7卷 109-119页

作者： Romeo B.Batacan Jr Mitch J.Duncan Vincent J.Dalbo Geraldine L.Buitrago Andrew S.Fenning School of Medical and Applied Sciences Central Queensland University centre for Physical Activity Studies Central Queensland University School of Medicine & Public health Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Faculty of Health and MedicineThe University of Newcastle University Drive Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Central Queensland University centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics Australian Institute of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook University

Background: Physical activity(PA) and diet are 2 lifestyle factors that affect cardiometabolic risk. However, data on how a high-fat highcarbohydrate(HFHC) diet influences the effect of different intensities of PA on cardiometabolic health and cardiovascular function in a controlled setting are yet to be fully established. This study investigated the effect of sedentary behavior, light-intensity training(LIT), and high-intensity interval training(HIIT) on cardiometabolic markers and vascular and cardiac function in HFHC-fed adult ***: Twelve-week-old Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups(12 rats/group): control(CTL), sedentary(SED), LIT, and *** indices, glucose and lipid control, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, vascular reactivity, and cardiac electrophysiology of the experimental groups were examined after 12 weeks of HFHC-diet feeding and PA ***: The SED group had slower cardiac conduction(p = 0.0426) and greater thoracic aortic contractile responses(p health effects can be achieved through LIT and HIIT when consuming a chronic and sustained HFHC diet.

关键词： High-intensity interval training Inflammation Light-intensity training Metabolic syndrome Oxidative stress Sedentary behavior Western diet

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Integrated Eco-health approach significantly reduces helminth infections in endemic Khong islands with emphasis on Schistosoma mekongi

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第4期13卷 64-78页

作者： Somphou Sayasone Youthanavanh Vonghachack Shang Xia Shan Lv Xiao-Nong Zhou Peter Odermatt Lao tropical and Public health Institute Ministry of HealthVientiane CapitalLao PDR Faculty of Basic Sciences University of Health SciencesVientiane CapitalLao PDR National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at China CDC(Chinese Center for tropical Diseases Research) NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesShanghai 200025PR China Department of Public health and Epidemiology Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteAllschwilSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland

Background Helminth infections,including Opisthorchis viverrini,hookworm,and Trichuris trichiura,are prevalent in Khong district,Champasack province,southern Lao People's Democratic Republic(PDR).Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mekongi is of public health concern on the islands of the Khong *** study aimed to assess the impact of an Eco-health/One-health approach in combination with mass drug administration(MDA)to reduce these helminth *** We conducted a community intervention using a stepped-wedge trial approach on two endemic islands(Donsom and Donkhone)of the Khong district,Champasack province,Lao PDR,between April 2012 and March *** each study village,30-40 households were randomly *** members of selected households,who were at home during the study period were invited to participate in the study.A baseline study was conducted to assess helminth infections,knowledge attitudes and practices toward Schistosoma mekongi infection,behavior of open defecation and availability of latrine at *** the baseline(TO),the Eco-health/One-health approach was imple-mented on Donsom(intervention)and Donkhone island(control).An assessment was conducted in 2014(T1),one year after the completion of intervention implementation,to assess the short-term impact of the Eco-health/One-health approach on helminth infections and compare intervention and control *** in 2015,the Eco-health/One-health approach was implemented on control island(Donkhone).After the implementation of intervention,the parasitological assessments were conducted annually in humans in 2015(T2),in 2016(T3)and in 2017(T4),and in dogs in 2017(T4)to evaluate the long-term impact of the intervention on helminth *** was used to describe the prevalence of helminth *** regression was applied to associate the KAP(knowledge,attitudes,and practices and open defecation behavior)and the reduction of helminth infections between interventi

关键词： Schistosoma mekongi Opisthorchis viverrini Soil-transmitted helminth Parasite control Water Sanitation and hygiene Eco-health/One-health Lao PDR

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Prolonged acute diarrhea in adults: Decades of observation from epidemiological perspective in urban Bangladesh

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第3期3卷 208-213页

作者： Sumon Kumar Das Mohammod Jobayer Chisti Shahnawaz Ahmed Mohammad Abdul Malek Fahmida Dil Farzana Farzana Ferdous Jonathan Latham Abu Syed Golam Faruque centre for nutrition and Food Security (CNFS) International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddrb) Dhaka Bangladesh London School of Hygiene and tropical Medicine London UK

The study aimed to determine the epidemiological, clinical characteristics, and etiology of adults aged ≥20 years presented with prolonged acute diarrhea (≥7 days). A total of 18,210 adults aged ≥20 years were enrolled in the Diarrheal Disease Surveillance System of icddr,b between 1993-2012 and included into the analysis. Of these, 17,631 (97%) had duration of diarrhea ≤6 days, 418 (2%) diarrhea presented with a duration of 7 - 13 days and rest 161 (1%) had history of diarrhea ≥14 days. A higher proportion of adult individuals who had duration of diarrhea ≥14 days (70% vs. 56%;p male. At least 73% of all patients used oral rehydration solution;but proportion was lower among prolonged acute diarrhea groups. Use of antimicrobials was higher among those with duration 7 - 13 days (81%) and ≥14 days (81%). Diarrhea lasting ≥14 days, 47% were suffering from chronic energy deficiency and 30% had history of smoking. Individuals with diarrhea ≥7 days less frequently presented with vomiting, watery stool, frequency of stool >10 times/24 hours, drowsy or lethargy, fast breathing, some or severe dehydration, received intravenous saline for initial corrections of dehydration and stayed for longer duration in hospital (≥24 hours) but more often presented with abdominal pain. Stool microscopic examination showed less frequent presence of red blood cells (36% vs. 44%;p = 0.043) and fecal leucocytes (50% vs. 59%;p = 0.029) among individuals with diarrhea ≥14 days compared to those with ≤6 days. None was infected with Vibrio cholerae (≥14 days) (3% for 7 - 13 days);however, isolation rate of Aeromonas was higher among adults with duration for ≥14 days (11%). Only 15% with ≥14 days were positive for Shigella contrary to 19% (7 - 13 days) and 56% (≤6 days). Differences in sociodemographic, clinical presentation and etiology varied with duration of diarrhea among adults.

关键词： Adult Bangladesh Diarrhea Prolonged Acute Diarrhea

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Assessing the potential for satellite image monitoring of seagrass thermal dynamics:for inter-and shallow sub-tidal seagrasses in the inshore Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area,Australia

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international Journal of Digital Earth 2018年第8期11卷 803-824页

作者： S.R.Phinn E.M.Kovacs C.M.Roelfsema R.F.Canto C.J.Collier L.J.McKenzie Remote Sensing Research centre School of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt LuciaAustralia centre for tropical Water and TERRAtic Ecosystem Research(TropWATER) James Cook UniversityCairnsAustralia

Seagrass meadows are at increasing risk of thermal stress and recent work has shown that water temperature around seagrass meadows could be used as an indicator for seagrass *** thermal data have not been linked to the thermal properties of seagrass *** work assessed the covariation between 20 in situ average daily temperature logger measurement sites in tropical seagrass meadows and satellite derived daytime SST(sea surface temperature)from the daytime MODIS and Landsat sensors along the Great Barrier Reef coast in *** significant(R2=0.787–0.939)positive covariations were found between in situ seagrass logger temperatures and MODIS SST temperature and Landsat sensor temperatures at all sites along the *** MODIS SST were consistently higher than in situ temperature at the majority of the sites,possibly due to the sensor’s larger pixel size and location offset from field *** thermal data were lower than field-measured SST,due to differences in measurement scales and *** refined significantly and tested over larger areas,this approach could be used to monitor seagrass health over large(106 km2)areas in a similar manner to using satellite SST for predicting thermal stress for corals.

关键词： Seagrass temperature thermal tolerance satellite sea surface temperature Landsat MODIS Great Barrier Reef

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Hormonal and epigenetic regulation of root responses to salinity stress

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The Crop Journal 2024年第5期12卷 1309-1320页

作者： Ping Yun Cengiz Kaya Sergey Shabala School of Biological Sciences University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia Department of Soil Science and Plant nutrition Harran UniversityTR-63200 SanliurfaTurkey international Research centre for Environmental Membrane Biology Foshan UniversityFoshan 528000GuangdongChina

Salinity stress is a major environmental stress affecting crop productivity,and its negative impact on global food security is only going to increase,due to current climate *** tolerance was present in wild crop relatives but significantly weakened during *** it back requires a good understanding of molecular mechanisms and traits involved in control of plant ionic and ROS *** review summarizes our current knowledge on the role of major plant hormones(auxin,cytokinins,abscisic acid,salicylic acid,and jasmonate)in plants adaptation to soil *** firstly discuss the role of hormones in controlling root tropisms,root growth and architecture(primary root elongation,meristematic activity,lateral root development,and root hairs formation).Hormone-mediated control of uptake and sequestration of key inorganic ions(sodium,potassium,and calcium)is then discussed followed by regulation of cell redox balance and ROS signaling in salt-stressed ***,the role of epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation and histone modifications in control of plant ion and ROS homeostasis and signaling is *** data may help develop novel strategies for breeding and cultivating salt-tolerant crops and improving agricultural productivity in saline regions.

关键词： Phytohormone Root development Sodium Potassium ROS signal

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表达细粒棘球绦虫成虫不同发育阶段的基因家族

表达细粒棘球绦虫成虫不同发育阶段的基因家族

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全国人畜共患病学术研讨会

作者：张文宝李军由弘张壮志古努尔·吐尔逊 AlexLoukasa DonaldP.McManusa Molecular Parasitology Laboratory Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and NutritionThe Queenshrnd Institute of Medical Research The University of Queensland Veterinary Research Institute Xinj iang Academy of Animal Science Urumqi Molecular Parasitology Laboratory Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition The Queenshrnd Institute of Medical Research The University of Queensland

在细粒棘球绦虫成虫发育阶段不成熟虫体和成熟虫体mRNA表达不同,利用不同的真实时间展示PCR法筛选这些差异mRNA,反转录成cDNA片段经分离,克隆和测序,确定有28个不同。对来自于不成熟虫体和成熟虫体的mRNA片段进行标记。6个cDNA片段(编码... 详细信息

在细粒棘球绦虫成虫发育阶段不成熟虫体和成熟虫体mRNA表达不同,利用不同的真实时间展示PCR法筛选这些差异mRNA,反转录成cDNA片段经分离,克隆和测序,确定有28个不同。对来自于不成熟虫体和成熟虫体的mRNA片段进行标记。6个cDNA片段(编码为:egM12,egM13,egM22,egM26,egM30和egM34)与成熟虫体进行Northern杂交,呈特异性阳性反应。利用RT-PCR肯定了egM12,egM13和egM34的阶段特异性。EgM13和egM30探针在不成熟虫体、成熟虫体、原头蚴和六钩蚴的RNA检测中,除成熟虫体外,其它阶段虫体均存在于mRNA中。这似乎暗示它们涉及虫卵发育过程。用标记的探针去筛选成熟虫体cDNA文库,挑选出99个阳性克隆。对筛选出的与成熟虫体mRNA呈特异性反应的阳性克隆做线性排列,表明属同一基因家族。通过排序推断氨基酸序列,3个基本一致的cDNA片段(egM4,egM9,egM123)确定都富含半胱氨酸,具有相同的24个氨基酸序列,重复排列4-6遍。这些重复区域天然的结合位点,决定了α螺旋,形成了控制阳性和阴性的互换区。每种cDNA片段的显著性功能尚未知晓;同样序列极为相似的基因,功能是否相近也鲜未人知。然而,通过egM4和egM123重组的多肽识别细粒棘球绦虫感染犬的混合血清中抗体。因此,推断他们可能具有终末宿主血清学诊断价值。

关键词：细粒棘球绦虫不同的表达基因 DDRT-PCR RT-PCR 基因家族

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Composition and Functional Properties of Yam Bean (<i>Pachyrhizus</i>spp.) Seed Flour

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Food and nutrition Sciences 2015年第8期6卷 736-746页

作者： Abbas Kisambira John H. Muyonga Yusuf B. Byaruhanga Phinehas Tukamuhabwa Silver Tumwegamire Wolfgang J. Grüneberg School of Food Technology Nutrition and Bio-Engineering Makerere University Kampala Uganda School of Agricultural Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda international Institute of tropical Agriculture Dar es Salaam Tanzania international Potato centre Lima Peru

Yam bean (Pachyrhizus spp.) is legume crop that not only produces edible roots but also has a high yield of unutilized seeds. Although the yam bean seeds are rich in protein, they are not used due to a high content of toxic rotenone. In this study, yam bean seeds were detoxified and the nutritional and functional properties of their protein determined to assess the proteins’ potential for applications. Seeds of 10 accessions (2 accessions of P. erosus, 4 accessions of P. ahipa and 4 accessions of P. tuberosus) were analyzed for proximate composition, pasting and functional properties (bulk density, least gelation concentration, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, emulsifying capacity, emulsion stability, foaming capacity, foam stability and protein solubility). The results showed that yam bean seeds contained: 29.2 - 32.1 g/100g proteins, 31.3 - 33.0 g/100 g carbohydrates, 24.1 - 25.6 g/100g total fat, 7.5 - 8.1 g/100g crude fiber and 3.4 - 4.1 g/100g ash. The defatted P. erosus seed flour contained 45.6 - 48.8 g/100g protein, 32.6 - 36.5 g/100g total carbohydrate, 6.7 - 7.1 g/100g crude fiber, 6.0 - 6.4 g/100g ash and 5.2/100 g crude fat. The defatted yam bean seed flour exhibited relatively high protein solubility (68.0% - 70.4%), least gelation concentration (14%), water absorption capacity (2.8% - 2.9%) and oil absorption capacity (1.5%). The defatted flour exhibited emulsifying capacity of 35.7% - 36.0%, emulsion stability of 33.2% - 33.5%, foaming capacities of 42% and foam stability of 25.1% - 25.8%. With respect to pasting properties, the defatted yam bean seed flours exhibited pasting temperature of 80.0?C - 81.3?C, peak viscosity of 145.5 - 146.7 RVU, trough viscosity of 95.1 - 102.0 RVU, break down of 43.5 - 51.6 RVU, set back of 252.9 - 258.1 RVU and final viscosity of 348 - 360 RVU. The results show that yam bean seed has potential for use in both food and non-food applications.

关键词： Yam Bean Seed Flour Proximate Composition Functional Properties

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