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Southeast Asian primate communities:the effects of ecology and Pleistocene refuges on species richness

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第4期8卷 417-426页

作者： Heather HASSEL-FINNEGAN Carola BORRIES Qing ZHAO Phaivanh PHIAPALATH Andreas KOENIG Department of Anthropology Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA Biology Department Swarthmore CollegeSwarthmorePAUSA college of Life Science Peking UniversityBeijingChina International Union for Conservation of Nature VientianeLao PDR

We examined historical and ecological factors affecting current primate biodiversity in Southeast *** Africa,Madagascar and South America,but not Southeast Asia,primate species richness is positively associated with average rainfall and distance from the equator(latitude).We predicted that Southeast Asia’s non-conformance may be due to the effect of dispersed Pleistocene refuges(locations of constricted tropical forests during glacial maxima which today are at least 305 m in altitude).Based on 45 forested sites(13 on large islands;32 on the mainland)of at least 100 km^(2) to minimize recent human impact,we determined correlations between extant primate species richness and rainfall,latitude and supplementary ecological variables,while controlling for refuges and *** found that refuge sites had significantly higher primate species richness than non-refuges(t=-2.76,P<0.05),and distance from the nearest Pleistocene refuge was negatively correlated with species richness for non-refuge sites(r=-0.51,P<0.05).There was no difference in species richness between sites on large islands and the mainland(t=-1.4,P=0.16).The expected positive relationship between rainfall and species richness was not found(r=0.17,P=0.28).As predicted,primate species richness was negatively correlated with latitude(r=-0.39,P<0.05)and positively correlated with mean temperature(r=0.45,P<0.05).General linear models indicated that a site’s latitude(F_(1,38)=6.18,P<0.05)and Pleistocene refuge classification(F_(1,42)=5.96,P<0.05)were the best predictors of species *** ecological and historical factors contribute to present day primate species richness in Southeast Asia,making its biodiversity less of an outlier than previously believed.

关键词： allopatric speciation island latitude mainland rainfall temperature

Globalization and Glocalization in the History of Chinese Medicine

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2023年第4期6卷 313-318,F0002页

作者：张勇安 Diego Armus Department of History Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Department of History Swarthmore CollegeSwarthmore 19081USA

The globalization of Chinese medicine, forged through successive waves of migration, cultural exchanges, and economic imperatives, constitutes a nuanced and intricate process with historical roots extending over millennia. It stands as the culmination of interconnected historical events that reverberated beyond the confines of China, emerging as a phenomenon characterized by the adjustment of Chinese medical theories, clinical practices, and materia medica to indigenous customs and healthcare traditions prevalent in both proximate and distant regions. In these glocalized processes, the global and the local intersect and mix. The frameworks of globalization and glocalization allow a critical interpretation of the many hybridizations that have shaped overseas Chinese medicine's history and present.

关键词： Chinese medicine Global history Glocalization COVID-19

Probing dynamics of dark energy with latest observations

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2017年第6期17卷 5-10页

作者： Yue-Cheng Zhang Han-Yu Zhang Dan-Dan Wang Yang-Han Qi Yu-Ting Wang Gong-Bo Zhao National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Physics & Astronomy Swarthmore College Swarthmore PA 19081 USA Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation University of Portsmouth Portsmouth PO1 3FX UK

We examine the validity of the ACDM model and probe the dynamics of dark energy with the latest astronomical observations. Using the Ore（z） diagnosis, we find that various kinds of observational data are in tension within the ACDM framework. We then allow for dynamics of dark energy and investigate the constraint on dark energy parameters. We find that for two different kinds of parametri- sations of the equation of state parameter w, a combination of current data mildly favours an evolving w, although the significance is not sufficient for it to be supported by Bayesian evidence. A forecast of the DESI survey shows that the dynamics of dark energy could be detected at the 7σ confidence level and would be decisively supported by Bayesian evidence, if the best-fit model of w derived from current data is the true model.

关键词： cosmology - dark energy - large scale structure

社会建构论心理学及其发展：对话科尼斯·格根

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教育研究与实验 2012年第4期 77-83页

作者：杨莉萍 Kenneth J. Gergen 南京师范大学心理学院 210097 swarthmore college USAPA 19081USA

社会建构论作为一种知识的元理论,同经验主义一样,是有关知识的一切主张之理论,同时也是一种实践着的理论。作为一种新的研究范式,社会建构论打开了通往多种理解、多元价值和多样化生活的大门。传统的实证主义研究方法和实践可以被社会... 详细信息

社会建构论作为一种知识的元理论,同经验主义一样,是有关知识的一切主张之理论,同时也是一种实践着的理论。作为一种新的研究范式,社会建构论打开了通往多种理解、多元价值和多样化生活的大门。传统的实证主义研究方法和实践可以被社会建构论范式整合。许多新的研究方式,如叙事研究、行动研究、话语研究等,得到社会建构论强有力的方法论支持。社会建构论赋予人一种批判意识,要求澄清某种特定的社会建构的实践意义,并关注对美好未来的创造。对于社会建构论是"反实在论"或"相对主义"的批评大多出于某些误解。

关键词：社会建构论科尼斯·格根

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No apparent transmission of transgenic α–synuclein into nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in multiple mouse models

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2015年第1期4卷 196-204页

作者： Namratha Sastry Wang Zheng Guoxiang Liu Helen Wang Xi Chen Michael Cai Parth Contractor Carmelo Sgobio Lixin Sun Chengsong Xie Huaibin Cai Transgenics Section Laboratory of NeurogeneticsNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBuilding 35Room 1A112MSC 370735 Convent DriveBethesdaMD 20892-3707USA Unit on Synapse Development Plasticity Clinical Brain Disorder BranchNational Institute of Mental HealthNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892USA Present addresses:Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern UniversityChicagoIL 60611USA Present addresses:swarthmore college SwarthmorePA 19081USA Present addresses:Centennial High School Elicott CityMD 21042USA Present addresses:George Washington University WashingtonDC 20052USA

Background:α–synuclein(α–syn)is the main component of intracytoplasmic inclusions deposited in the brains of patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD)and certain other neurodegenerative *** studies have explored the ability ofα–syn to propagate between or across neighboring neurons and supposedly“infect”them with a prion–like ***,much of this research has used stereotaxic injections of heterologousα–syn fibrils to induce the spreading of inclusions in the rodent ***α–syn is able to transmit from the host cells to their neighboring cells in vivo is ***:Using immunestaining,we examined the potential propagation ofα–syn into nigrostriatal dopaminergic(DA)neurons in three lines of transgenic mice that overexpress human wild–typeα–syn(hα–syn)in different neuron ***:After testing for three different routes by which hα–syn propagation might occur,we were unable to find any evidence that hα–syn behaved like a prion and could be transmitted overtime into the DA neurons initially lack of hα–syn ***:In transgenic mice hα–syn does not have the ability to propagate at pathologically significant levels between or across *** must be noted that these observations do not disprove the studies that show its prion–like qualities,but rather that propagation is not detectable in transgenic models that do not use any injections of heterologous proteins or viral vectors to induce a spreading state.

关键词： Parkinson’s disease α-synuclein Propagation Dopaminergic neurons Transgenic mice

人工智能技术发展与专业口笔译实践耦合机制路径初探

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外语电化教学 2018年第3期 88-94页

作者：张爱玲杨子靖刘晨璇 Sida Li 上海外国语大学上海市200083 浙江大学浙江省杭州市310058 科大讯飞研究院安徽省合肥市230088 swarthmore college

人工智能技术是二十一世纪最前沿的技术之一,对深度涉及认知智能的专业口笔译行业产生了深刻影响。文章回顾了人工智能的三次浪潮,讨论了人工智能发展的三个阶段和两大技术发展路径,重点探讨人工智能与机器翻译,从最初以规则为主的机器... 详细信息

人工智能技术是二十一世纪最前沿的技术之一,对深度涉及认知智能的专业口笔译行业产生了深刻影响。文章回顾了人工智能的三次浪潮,讨论了人工智能发展的三个阶段和两大技术发展路径,重点探讨人工智能与机器翻译,从最初以规则为主的机器翻译,到统计式机器翻译,再到神经网络机器翻译,即深度学习神经网络模型。近期的研究焦点包括了自注意力机制,以多层次的神经网络连结原文与译文,输出的字词顾及全句文脉。在此基础上,文章提出专业口笔译实践与人工智能技术耦合的可能路径,为业界和学界进一步互动提供思路。

关键词：人工智能技术专业口笔译机器翻译耦合路径

Confirmation of a Sub-Saturn-size Transiting Exoplanet Orbiting a G Dwarf:TOI-1194 b and a Very Low Mass Companion Star: TOI-1251 B from TESS

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第3期24卷 129-143页

作者： Jia-Qi Wang Xiao-Jun Jiang Jie Zheng Hanna Kellermann Arno Riffeser Liang Wang Karen A.Collins Allyson Bieryla Lars A.Buchhave Steve B.Howell Elise Furlan Eric Girardin Joao Gregorio Eric Jensen Felipe Murgas Mesut Yilmaz Sam Quinn Xing Gao Ruo-Yu Zhou Frank Grupp Hui-Juan Wang CAS Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy Of SciencesBeijing 10010China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China University Observatory Munich Scheinertrsse 1.D-81679 MunichGemany Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Giessenbachstr.1D-85748 GarchingGermany National Astronomical Observatories/Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics&Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing210042China CAS Key Laboratory of Astronomical Optics&Technology Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics&TechnologyNanjing 210042China Center for Astrophysics Harvard&Smithsonian60 Garden Street.CambridgeMA 02138USA National Space Institute Technical University of DenmarkElektrovejDK-2800 KgsLyngbyDenmark NASA Ames Research Center Moffett FieldCA 94035USA NASA Exoplanet Science Institute Caltech/IPACMail Code 100-221200 E.California Blvd.PasadenaCA91125USA Grand Pra Observatory Switzerland Department of Physics Washington UniversitySt.LouisMO 63130.USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Swarthmore CollegeSwarthmorePA 19081USA Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias(IAC) E-38205 La Laguna.TenerifeSpain Departamento de Astrofísica Universidad de La LagunaSpain Dept.of Astronomy and Space Sciences Ankara UniversityTandogan 06100AnkaraTurkey Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Urumqi No.1 Senior High School Urumqi 830002China Lijiang Gemini Observatory Lijiang 674199China

We report the confirmation of a sub-Saturn-size exoplanet,TOI-1194 b,with a mass of about 0.456+0.055-0.051M_(J),and a very low mass companion star with a mass of about 96.5±1.5 MJ,TOI-1251 *** candidates provided by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite(TESS)are suitable for further follow-up observations by ground-based telescopes with small and medium *** analysis is performed based on data from several telescopes worldwide,including telescopes in the Sino-German multiband photometric campaign,which aimed at confirming TESS Objects of Interest(TOIs)using ground-based small-aperture and medium-aperture telescopes,especially for long-period ***-1194 b is confirmed based on the consistent periodic transit depths from the multiband photometric *** measure an orbital period of 2.310644±0.000001 days,the radius is 0.767+0.045-0.041RJ and the amplitude of the RV curve is 69.4_(-7.3)^(+7.9)m s^(-1).TOI-1251 B is confirmed based on the multiband photometric and high-resolution spectroscopic data,whose orbital period is 5.963054+0.000002-0.000001days,radius is 0.947+0.035-0.033 R_(J) and amplitude of the RV curve is 9849_(-40)^(+42)ms^(-1).

关键词： planets and satellites fundamental parameters-planets and satellites gaseous planets-stars fundamental parameters-stars low-mass-methods data analysis-techniques photometric-techniques spectroscopic

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蚯蚓种群爆发及土壤压实对蚯蚓行为的影响

资源开发与市场 2018年第9期34卷 1271-1275页

作者：王正阳 Ayman Abunimer 张秀美张成林张东辉张玉峰 Rachel Merz 孙振钧 swarthmore college PA19081 USA 金川县农牧局四川金川624100 阿坝州农牧局四川马尔康624000 中国农业大学资源环境学院北京100094

蚯蚓一般被认为是对农业生产有益的生物,但本文记录了2011年和2012年四川省金川县曾达乡和咯尔乡蚯蚓种群爆发导致土壤松动,影响农业生产的情况。两个乡的蚯蚓分别鉴定为Metaphire vulgaris和Metaphire guillemi,样方平均蚯蚓数量分别达... 详细信息

蚯蚓一般被认为是对农业生产有益的生物,但本文记录了2011年和2012年四川省金川县曾达乡和咯尔乡蚯蚓种群爆发导致土壤松动,影响农业生产的情况。两个乡的蚯蚓分别鉴定为Metaphire vulgaris和Metaphire guillemi,样方平均蚯蚓数量分别达257只和55只,样方平均生物量分别达155.00g和73.79g。曾达乡样方最高蚯蚓数量达423只,是目前所知农田蚯蚓的最高种群密度。以金川河沿岸13个乡镇地理环境和气候为自变量的3个递归模型都未找到对蚯蚓数量、生物量和两种蚯蚓比例有统计学意义的解释,但过去30年当地土壤有机质含量明显增加。蚯蚓入土能力测试表明,大多数蚯蚓可顺利进入未经压缩的土壤,其入土能力在人类行走和推土机碾压后的土壤中显著降低。

关键词：蚯蚓种群爆发土壤压缩 Metaphire vulgaris Metaphire guillemi Eisenia fetida Eisenia hortensis 金川县