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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2015年第6期28卷 1344-1362页

作者： TANG Zhipeng XIA Yan Key Laboratory of Regional sustainable development Modeling Institute of Geography Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Energy and Environmental policy Research Institute of Policy and Management Chinese Academy of Sciences

This paper provides an extended input-occupancy-output analysis of wastewater discharge coeffcients, as well as backward and forward linkages of Chinese multi-regional industrial sectors in2007. The results show that the direct and total industrial wastewater discharge coeffcients of most of the provincial industrial sectors in China＇s Eastern region are lower than those of the whole *** backward and forward linkages of fixed-asset occupancy in industrial sectors in China＇s Central and Western regions are strong. The dissimilarity of cross-sectional data of the relevant industrial wastewater discharge coeffcients and linkages in multi-regional input-output analysis becomes bigger as regions are divided more extensively.

关键词： Backward linkage forward linkage industrial wastewater discharge input-occupancyoutput analysis

Techno-economic assessment of energy generation through municipal solid waste:a case study for small/medium size districts in Pakistan

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Waste Disposal and sustainable Energy 2020年第4期2卷 337-350页

作者： Ubaid Ur Rehman Zia Tanzeel ur Rashid Muzaffar Ali Waqas Nazir Awan sustainable development policy institute IslamabadPakistan Mechanical Engineering Department University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxilaPakistan

There is an increase in annual waste generation due to urbanization,industrialization,and population *** waste management crisis in developing countries and its complexity from region to region has inspired extensive research work in this *** management not only results in environmental hazards,but it also causes significant socio-economic *** to the absence of comprehensive studies on waste to energy(WTE)assessment,this study assesses and reports the merits of alternative technologies for converting WTE in small and medium-size *** analysis for waste collection data in this study uses a pilot study approach to provide useful insights and waste classification.A cantonment district of Pakistan(Wah Cantt)has been used as a case study for performing a technological and economic assessment of energy generation through the use of thermal and biological treatment processes.A mathematical modeling approach has been adopted for generating an economic value of each technology through which this waste can be ***,the levelized cost of energy(LCOE)based assessment has been performed to provide a methodological framework for selecting the most feasible WTE technology in a small or medium-size *** on the model results,anaerobic digestion appears to be the most sustainable technology due to the organic nature of waste in Wah Cantt,land legislation,and availability of area to install a waste *** all the waste collected,the district can generate approximately 14.4 MW of energy through thermal treatment,19,110 m^(3) of daily biogas through anaerobic digestion,and 5 million tons of fertilizer through ***,if a proper supply chain is established for converting a portion of Pakistan’s annual waste generation,a significant amount of waste energy potential can be restored.

关键词： Municipal solid waste Waste to energy Levelized cost of energy Technological assessment Economic assessment

Status and determinants of other gainful activities by farmers in mountainous rural regions of Gilgit-Baltistan,Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第10期18卷 2520-2539页

作者： SHAHZAD Muhammad Abid AHMED Vaqar FISCHER Christian Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bozen-BolzanoBolzano 39100Italy sustainable development policy institute Islamabad 44000Pakistan

Non-farm income sources are important for livelihood sustenance,especially in the mountainous regions of developing *** implement effective policies to improve economic development,policymakers need insights at the grassroots ***,there is a lack of empirical evidence in the context of *** study examines the current situation and the factors influencing the decision by farmers to engage in other gainful activities(OGAs)such as farm diversification and off-farm work in the northern mountainous regions of *** study is based on quantitative survey data obtained from 459 farm managers and qualitative data from 24 key informants from five different districts in *** a logistic regression model,a statistical analysis is conducted on farmer and farm characteristics to investigate the probability of farm managers to engage in *** survey results show that around 71%of farm managers are engaged in OGAs(with 24%in farm diversification,61%in offfarm work and 15%in both).The share of female farm managers is 51%in farm diversification while male farm managers dominate off-farm activities(69%).The most prevalent types of farm diversification are the processing of farm products and tourism-related farm work,while the main off-farm activities are setting up grocery stores outside the farm,having salaried jobs or engaging in other non-agricultural *** are significant differences between farmers with and without OGAs particularly regarding farmer characteristics,agricultural income and some other *** logit model results show that farmer characteristics mainly determine off-farm work activities while farm(and other)characteristics mostly explain farm *** findings suggest that OGAs primarily exist as livelihood *** diversification is linked with the long-term sustenance of agricultural activities while off-farm work is predominantly driven by economic *** types of OGAs re

关键词： Other gainful activities Off-farm work Farm diversification Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan

Exploring willingness-to-pay for the restoration and maintenance of reserved forests in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第4期9卷 439-448页

作者： Anthony Amoah Adusei Jumah Kofi Korle School of sustainable development University of Environment and Sustainable DevelopmentSomanyaGhana&Africa Centre for Economics and Policy Research(ACAEP)Ghana Department of Economics Central UniversityAccraGhana

In recent years, debates on the alarming rate of forest depletion emanating from growth in urban settlement and changed urban land-use patterns have gained prominence across the globe. The present study adopts a demandside management approach to investigate household’s willingness-to-pay for the restoration and maintenance of protected forest reserves in three municipalities in Ghana. Using survey data of 733 households from the Greater Accra Region of Ghana, we model the demand for forest restoration and maintenance, respectively, by means of the contingent valuation technique. As part of the findings, the study shows evidence that a household is willing to pay Gh￠50.99($8.67) and Gh￠31.12($5.29) per annum to restore and maintain the protected forests,respectively. These amounts constitute less than one percent of the average household income per ***, critical validity tests are conducted to validate the robustness of the results. This study provides willingness-to-pay estimates for forest and forest resources, and its associated determinants. These estimates seek to bridge the information gap and inform policy decisions toward the overarching aim of ensuring sustainable forest management in Ghana.

关键词： Reserved forest Restoration Maintenance Tobit model Willingness-to-pay CVM

Renewable energy resources, policies and gaps in BRICS countries and the global impact

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Frontiers in Energy 2019年第3期13卷 506-521页

作者： Lakshmi PATHAK Kavita SHAH institute of Environment and sustainable development Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India

This paper presents comparative yet extensive analysis of existing non-conventional renewable resources, energy policies and gaps in BRICS countries. An intelligent transformation to green economy to maintain natural resources is noted. Brazil has stable energy policies and is the leading producer of biofuels following hydropower until 2014 but supported wind and solar power development by tendering specific tariffs for energy generation from solar and wind. Russia needs improvement in its legal and regulatory framework with more incentives in energy policies. China is improving upon wind and hydropower but it needs strong policy measures to put cap on increased CO2 emissions. India needs revision in energy policy and requires extra incentives and consumer specific energy policies for research-infrastructure and energy generation technologies. South Africa requires lessons to increase renewable energy and reduce coal mining. Moreover, BRICS countries need to redefine their energy policies based upon their existing geographical, economical, societal and environmental conditions which will help in shaping global energy policies and more financial stability. This paper recognizes the potential of BRICS to reshape the global system paralleled with minimizing CO2 emissions. The concerted role of BRICS needs to be recognized as the leading contributor of global renewable capacity where the developed world is geared and busy to address the environmental issues.

关键词： BRICS CO2 emissions energy policies renewable

Agriculture Green development in China and the UK: common objectives and converging policy pathways

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020年第1期7卷 98-105页

作者： Yuelai LU David NORSE David POWLSON School of International development University of East AngliaNorwichNR47TJUK institute of sustainable Resources University College LondonLondonWC1H ONNUK Department of sustainable Agriculture Sciences Rothamsted ResearchHarpendenAL52JQUK

This paper has three ***,to examine how the negative environmental consequences of intensive agriculture have driven China and the UK to shift away from narrowly focused farm output policies and adopt more holistic green development ***,to explore the policy objectives they have in ***,to assess the numerous opportunities for joint research and knowledge sharing through the sustainable Agriculture Innovation Network and other existing institutional *** intensification of agricultural production in the UK started several decades earlier than in China as did the negative environmental consequences of the farm ***,their strategies and policies for sustainable intensification and green development have much in *** are set out in two main documents:the Chinese State Council guidelines for green agriculture and the UK Department for Environment,Food and Rural Affairs 25 Year Environment *** are substantial mutual advantages from greater collaboration on problem identification and monitoring;the development of appropriate technological and management responses and the formulation of sound *** achieve this potential,it is recommended that further thought be given to how best to bring together all of the key stakeholders along the whole food chain.

关键词： Agriculture Green development China policy UK

policy options for Agriculture Green development by farmers in China

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020年第1期7卷 90-97页

作者： Laurence E.D.SMITH Centre for development Environment and PolicySOAS University of LondonLondonWC1H OXGUK

Farmers are the key agents who manage land and *** Green development(AGD)requires a transformation in farming from high resource consumption and environmental cost to sustainable intensification with high productivity,high resource use efficiency and low environmental *** paper analyzes the public policy challenge of AGD and makes the case for a location-sensitive policy mix made up of regulation,advice provision,voluntarism and targeted *** public agricultural extension service in China is a key resource,but one that requires reorientation and reform with the aim of better balancing high farm productivity with environmental protection.

关键词： agriculture environment development incentives policy regulation

China's pre-2020 CO2 emission reduction potential and its influence

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Frontiers in Energy 2019年第3期13卷 571-578页

作者： Hailin WANG Jiankun HE institute of Energy Environment and Economy Institute of Climate Change and Sustainable DevelopmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China institute of Energy Environment and Economy Modem Management Research CenterInstitute of Climate Change and Sustainable DevelopmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

China achieved the reduction of CO2 intensity of GDP by 45% compared with 2005 at the end of 2017, realizing the commitment at 2009 Copenhagen Conference on emissions reduction 3 years ahead of time. In future implementation of the "13th Five-Year Plan (FYP)," with the decline of economic growth rate, decrease of energy consumption elasticity and optimization of energy structure, the CO2 intensity of GDP will still have the potential for decreasing before 2020. By applying KAYA Formula decomposition, this paper makes the historical statistics of the GDP energy intensity decrease and CO2 intensity of energy consumption since 2005, and simulates the decrease of CO2 intensity of GDP in 2020 and its influences on achieving National Determined Contribution (NDC) target in 2030 with scenario analysis. The results show that China's CO2 intensity of GDP in 2020 is expected to fall by 52.9%-54.4% than the 2005 level, and will be 22.9%-25.4% lower than 2015. Therefore, it is likely to overfulfill the decrease of CO2 intensity of GDP by 18% proposed in the 13th FYP period. Furthermore, the emission reduction potentiality before 2020 will be conducive to the earlier realization of NDC objectives in 2030. China's CO2 intensity of GDP in 2030 will fall by over 70% than that in 2005, and CO2 emissions peak will appear before 2030 as early as possible. To accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy, China needs to make better use of the carbon market, and guide the whole society with carbon price to reduce emissions effectively. At the same time, China should also study the synergy of policy package so as to achieve the target of emission reduction.

关键词： China's National Determined Contribution emission reduction potential scenario analysis CO2 emissions peak

Climate change impact in the Western Himalaya:people's perception and adaptive strategies

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第2期14卷 403-416页

作者： Vikram S.Negi Rakesh K.Maikhuri Dalbeer Pharswan Shinny Thakur Pitamber P.Dhyani G.B.Pant National institute of Himalayan Environment and sustainable development Kosi-KatarmalAlmoraUttarakhandIndia G.B.Pant National institute of Himalayan Environment and sustainable development Garhwal UnitSrinagar(Garhwal)UttarakhandIndia

The Himalaya represents a vast mountain system and globally valued for its significant role in regulation of global as well as regional climate that has direct impact on biodiversity and ecosystem services crucial for sustenance of millions of people in Himalaya and adjoining areas. However, mountain regions worldwide are impacted by climate change and at the same time represent distinctive area for the assessment of climate related impacts. Climate change impacts in Himalayan region have its implications on food production, natural ecosystems,retreat of glacier, water supply, human and animal health and overall human well being. The livelihood and food security of the people inhabited in region largely depend on climate sensitive sectors ***, livestock, forestry and their interlinkages with each other, and has the potential to break down food and nutritional security as well as livelihood support systems. People's perception and understanding of climate can be an important asset when it comes to adaptation to climate change impact;however it is not taken into consideration for the development of policy design and implementation of modern mitigation and adaptation strategies by governments and other civil society *** knowledge of local people and farming communities for rural landscape management and sustainable use of bioresources is gaining credence as a key strategy to cope up with the climate ***, the present study analyzes the indigenous knowledge of local people and their perceptions on climate change, and also documented adaptation approaches at local level in mountain ecosystem of western Himalaya. The study could be useful to policy makers to design appropriate adaptation strategies to cope up with the impacts of climate change.

关键词： Western Himalaya Climate change People's perception Traditional knowledge Adaptation

Deficiencies in the Focus:Rural Teacher policy Evolution Analysis-Reflections on the Ten-Year Implementation of the Outline of China’s National Plan for Medium-and Long-Term Education Reform and development(2010-2020)

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Frontiers of Education in China 2022年第3期17卷 301-324页

作者： GAO Huibin Research Center for Teacher development National Institute of Education SciencesBeijing 100088China

Rural teachers are a weak part of China’s teacher *** ten years,China has been continuously making up deficiencies in its policy,with the focus first on rural teachers,teachers of village schools and teaching sites,then further on the rural teachers in the contiguous poverty-stricken areas,national-level poor counties,and finally on teachers of areas of extreme poverty like the“three regions”and“three prefectures.”The construction of the rural teacher policy system has been continuously strengthened by refining supplement,enhancing security,optimizing management,and improving quality,which has effectively helped with the problem of“teachers are unwilling to teach,to stay,or to teach well in rural areas,”and laid a solid foundation for improving the quality of rural teachers and narrowing the gap between urban and rural ***,there are still deficiencies in the policies concerning rural *** investigation and monitoring are needed to consolidate the foundation for policy improvement research and reflect the rural point of view in policy making.

关键词： rural teacher policy construction of teacher policy system rural teacher team