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Are we leveling the playing field？ Trends and disparities in sports participation among sexual minority youth in Canada

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第2期7卷 218-226页

作者： Marion Doull Ryan J.Watson Annie Smith Yuko Homma Elizabeth Saewyc stigma and resilience among vulnerable youth centre School of Nursing University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T2B5 Canada Department of Human Development and Family Studies University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA McCreary centre Society Vancouver British Columbia V5K2A 7 Canada School of Nursing Mukogawa Women's University Nishinomiya Hyogo 663-8558 Japan

Purpose: Sports participation and physical fitness are widely beneficial for young people, yet activity levels among young people are *** growing popular media attention on the participation of sexual minority(e.g., lesbian, gay, and bisexual) youth in sports and various campaigns to improve the often homophobic climate of sports, there is limited evidence that sexual minority youth participate in sports. Our aim was to provide a current portrait of sports participation among 3 groups of sexual minority youth(e.g., lesbian, gay, and bisexual) in British Columbia, Canada, as well as to document population ***: Pooled population-level data from British Columbia, Canada(n = 99,373) were used to examine trends and disparities in sports participation among sexual minority and heterosexual youth. Age-adjusted logistic regression models were used to examine changes in participation over time and disparities in participation over time(1998—2013).Results: We found an overall decline in sports participation and physical activity(PA) for all youth. Sexual minority students were less likely to participate in formal sports(with a coach) and informal sports(without a coach) compared with their heterosexual peers. The disparity in participating in informal sports between heterosexual and sexual minority youth has narrowed over time for some sexual orientation groups, whereas the disparity in participating in formal sports has widened over time in some ***: This study provides a comprehensive examination of sports participation among sexual minority youth over the past 15 *** changing societal attitudes and laudable efforts to reduce homophobia in sports, results suggest that there are continued barriers to participation for sexual minority youth. Further research is needed to understand the factors that limit sports participation for these youth and to inform program development. PA is critical to lifelong health and well-being, and

关键词： Canada Disparities Physical activity Sexual minority youth Sexual orientation Sports participation

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From Top-Down to “Community-Centric” Approaches to Early Warning Systems: Exploring Pathways to Improve Disaster Risk Reduction Through Community Participation

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2016年第2期7卷 163-174页

作者： Marie-Ange Baudoin Sarah Henly-Shepard Nishara Fernando Asha Sitati Zinta Zommers African Climate and Development Initiative University of Cape Town Consortium for Capacity Building Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR) University of Colorado Disaster resilience L.L.C. Department of Sociology University of Colombo Division of Early Warning and Assessment United Nation Environment Programme

Natural hazards and their related impacts can have powerful implications for humanity, particularly communities with deep reliance on natural resources. The development of effective early warning systems(EWS) can contribute to reducing natural hazard impacts on communities by improving risk reduction strategies and ***, current shortcomings in the conception and applications of EWS undermine risk reduction at the grassroots level. This article explores various pathways to involve local communities in EWS from top-down to more participatory approaches. Based on a literature review and three case studies that outline various levels of participation in EWS in Kenya, Hawai'i, and Sri Lanka, the article suggests a need to review the way EWS are designed and applied, promoting a shift from the traditional expert-driven approach to one that is embedded at the grassroots level and driven by the vulnerable communities. Such a community-centric approach also raises multiple challenges linked to a necessary shift of conception of EWS and highlights the need for more research on pathways for sustainable community engagement.

关键词： Early warning system Hawai’i Kenya Natural hazards Participatory approach Risk preparedness Sri Lanka

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Taking Children’s Voices in Disaster Risk Reduction a Step Forward

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第3期6卷 267-281页

作者： Chipo Mudavanhu Siambalala Benard Manyena Andrew E.Collins Paradzayi Bongo Emmanuel Mavhura Desmond Manatsa Department of Geography Faculty of ScienceBindura University of Science Education(BUSE) Humanitarian and Conflict Response Institute University of Manchester Disaster and Development centre School of Applied SciencesNorthumbria University

Disaster risk reduction(DRR) continues to gain momentum globally and locally, but there is a notable void in the DRR literature on the role of children in communitylevel disaster risk management in Zimbabwe. Children are among the most vulnerable groups when disasters occur,yet their voices in disaster risk reduction are rarely *** a qualitative methodology, this article examines the extent to which children are involved in disaster risk reduction in Muzarabani District, Zimbabwe. Despite evidence of the potential positive impact that children can have on DRR, their involvement in risk reduction planning in Zimbabwe is negligible. To achieve greater resilience to disasters requires that children’s voices are heard and recognized as central to improved disaster risk reduction.

关键词： Children’s vulnerability Disaster risk reduction Flood hazard Zimbabwe

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Assessing resource vulnerability quadrants under changing precipitation trends in Uttarakhand,Central Himalayan region

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第10期18卷 2722-2741页

作者： Ayushi VLJHANI Vinay Shankar Prasad SINHA Mini GOVINDAN Department of Natural Resources TERI School of Advanced Studies10 Institutional AreaVasant Kunj New Delhi 110070India The Energy and Resources Institute India Habitat CentreNew Delhi 110003India

The Central Himalayan region is vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change and characterized by regional climatic *** livelihood of the mountain communities across the Himalaya is at risk owing to the consequences of variable precipitation *** exists limited empirical research on precipitation variability due to inadequate hydro-meteorological stations at highaltitude *** study uses a novel methodology which integrates precipitation variability with resource sensitivity over the three verticals of Central Himalaya:Himadri,Himachal and Shivaliks and across four major river basins:Yamuna,Upper Ganga,Ghaghar and *** magnitude of the significant precipitation trends was estimated through time series analysis at a 95%confidence *** assess the sensitivity of natural resources(forest,water and land)and human resources,fourteen mountain-specific indicators were identified which captured resource index using data standardization and principal component ***’s slope and Resource index were plotted in a 2D Cartesian coordinate to draw precipitation-resource quadrants with their effective coverage area:High Precipitation and Scarce Resources(35.92%);Low Precipitation and Abundant Resources(30.10%);Low Precipitation and Scarce Resources(22.33%)and High Precipitation and Abundant Resources(11.65%).This helped in developing quadrant-specific adaptation strategies under regional variability of *** methodology and the research findings will certainly assist water experts,resource managers and policy makers to strengthen adaptive capacity and improve the resilience of vulnerable communities across Himalaya.

关键词： Climate Change Trend analysis Resource-quadrant Vulnerability Adaptation Central Himalaya

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The Influence of Underlying Stresses from Environmental Hazards on resilience in Bangladesh: A System View

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第4期10卷 511-528页

作者： Philip Lake Richard Fenner Building Sustainability Group ArupLondon W1T 4BQUK centre for Sustainable Development Engineering DepartmentCambridge UniversityCambridge CB21TNUK

Bangladesh is one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change,while its people also suffer from a range of environmental hazards linked to the growing prevalence of non-communicable *** diseases are responsible for increasing morbidity and mortality and lead to other stresses within the *** stresses create continuous impacts on the health and well-being of the population,compounding their vulnerability and inhibiting their capacity to cope with frequent event-related shocks,such as floods and drought.A systems approach is taken to examine four important environmental hazards in Bangladesh—arsenic contamination of drinking water,arsenic transmission through the food chain,indoor air quality,and air pollution.A review of these hazards is presented in a conceptual framework that links human well-being with the key system components of infrastructure,institutions,knowledge,and *** reveals key underlying factors between the hazards and uncovers system structures that can lead to more effective hazard mitigation,and the establishment of strategic intervention *** article concludes that elimination of these continuous stresses will only come about through the culmination of multiple interventions over time,undertaken in an iterative manner that builds on the continual advancement of hazard *** role of individual behaviors,together with factors such as risk awareness and perception of the hazards,has been identified as crucial for achieving successful mitigation *** knowledge of the hazards,public awareness,and government accountability are focus points to reduce population exposure and enhance response capacity.

关键词： Air pollution Arsenic contamination Bangladesh Drinking water contamination Environmental hazards resilience

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Climate-influenced vector-borne diseases in Africa: a call to empower the next generation of African researchers for sustainable solutions

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-10页

作者： Obame-Nkoghe Judica?l Agossou Adjoavi Esse Mboowa Gerald Kamgang Basile Caminade Cyril Duke Dawn C. Githeko Andrew Karanja Ogega Obed M. Elloué Nestor Engone Sarr Fatou Bintou Nkoghe Dieudonné Kengne Pierre Ndam Nicaise T. Paupy Christophe Bockarie Moses Otomo Patricks Voua Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory (LabMC) Biology Department University of Science and Technology of Masuku BP Franceville Gabon Ecology and Health Research Unit Interdisciplinary Center for Medical Research of Franceville BP Franceville Gabon Department of Zoology and Entomology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of the Free State Private Bag x13 Phuthaditjhaba Republic of South Africa Laboratory of Pharmacology and Improved Traditional Medicines Department of Animal Physiology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Abomey-Calavi BP Cotonou Benin The African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data-Intensive Sciences Infectious Diseases Institute College of Health Sciences Makerere University P. O Box Kampala Uganda Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention African Union Commission Roosevelt Street P.O. Box WKAddis Ababa Ethiopia centre for Research in Infectious Diseases P.O. Box Yaoundé Cameroon Earth System Physics Department The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Trieste Italy Africa Research Excellence Fund Charterhouse Street London EC1MHR UK Community Health Support Program P.O. Box Kisumu Kenya The African Academy of Sciences Nairobi Kenya Center for Phylosophical Studies and Research (CERP) Omar Bongo University (UOB) BP Libreville Gabon UMRED Health Training and Research Unit University of Iba Der Thiam of Thiès BP Thiès Senegal National Parasitic Diseases Control Program Ministry of Health Libreville Gabon MIVEGEC Univ. Montpellier CNRS IRD Montpellier France MERIT IRD Paris Cité University Paris France Department of Parasitology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana LG Accra Ghana School of Community Health Sciences Njala University Bo Sierra Leone

We look at the link between climate change and vector-borne diseases in low- and middle-income countries in Africa. The large endemicity and escalating threat of diseases such as malaria and arboviral diseases, intensified by climate change, disproportionately affects vulnerable communities globally. We highlight the urgency of prioritizing research and development, advocating for robust scientific inquiry to promote adaptation strategies, and the vital role that the next generation of African research leaders will play in addressing these challenges. Despite significant challenges such as funding shortages within countries, various pan-African-oriented funding bodies such as the African Academy of Sciences, the Africa Research Excellence Fund, the Wellcome Trust, the U.S. National Institutes of Health, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation as well as initiatives such as the African Research Initiative for Scientific Excellence and the Pan-African Mosquito Control Association, have empowered (or are empowering) these researchers by supporting capacity building activities, including continental and global networking, skill development, mentoring, and African-led research. This article underscores the urgency of increased national investment in research, proposing the establishment of research government agencies to drive evidence-based interventions. Collaboration between governments and scientific communities, sustained by pan-African funding bodies, is crucial. Through these efforts, African nations are likely to enhance the resilience and adaptive capacity of their systems and communities by navigating these challenges effectively, fostering scientific excellence and implementing transformative solutions against climate-sensitive vector-borne diseases.

关键词： Climate change Vector-borne diseases Africa Environmental justice Research and development Pan-African funding initiatives

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Agrobiodiversity for Livelihood Security： A Case Study of Agroforestry Technologies in Mexico

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Journal of Life Sciences 2011年第2期5卷 108-119页

作者： P. Krishna Krishnamurthy Krishnamurthy Laksmi Reddiar centre of Agroforestry for Sustainable Development University of Chapingo Chapingo 56235 Mexico

The present article examines the livelihood benefits associated with agrobiodiversity in Veracruz, Mexico. Citrus-based agriculture is the principal economic activity in the agricultural sector of the state of Veracruz. It is practiced in mono-crop plantations by the majority of farmers, who are rendered vulnerable to price depreciation resulting from simultaneous harvest and over-supply of a single commodity. Some farmers have associated multiple crops in citrus farms （agroforestry techniques） as a strategy to improve their livelihoods. Farmers who increased agrobiodiversity in their farms have significantly improved their livelihoods compared to mono-crop plantation owners. The research shows that increased agro-biodiversity can be a strategy to improve the livelihoods of citrus producers in the state of Veracruz, with significant economic benefits depending on the crop combination： maize-citrus is the least economically profitable combination （providing 21% in terms of internal rate of return）, while pineapple-citrus, banana-citrus and vanilla-citrus give higher returns （41%, 44% and 221% respectively）. The citrus-vanilla crop combination also has the highest benefit-cost ratio, relative to citrus monocrop （1.91） as well as the highest net present value （MX$579,635.73）. The choice of crop ultimately depends on the farmer＇s priorities. The associated benefits can be classified in three ways which correspond to the tripartite goal of sustainable development：（i） ecological sustainability （through increased ecosystem resilience）, （ii） economic stability （through diversified, less risk-prone sources of income）, and （iii） social well-being （through lower）.

关键词： Agrobiodiversity agrofroestry citriculture livelihood security Mexico multiple cropping.

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Energy storage for black start services:A review

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第4期29卷 691-704页

作者： Yanqi Zhao Tongtong Zhang Li Sun Xiaowei Zhao Lige Tong Li Wang Jianning Ding Yulong Ding School of Mechanical Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation centre of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou UniversityChangzhou 213164China Birmingham centre for Energy Storage&School of Chemical Engineering University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Intelligent Control&Smart Energy(ICSE)Research Group&School of Engineering University of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUnited Kingdom School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

With the increasing deployment of renewable energy-based power generation plants,the power system is becoming increasingly vulnerable due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy,and a blackout can be the worst *** current auxiliary generators must be upgraded to energy sources with substantially high power and storage capacity,a short response time,good profitability,and minimal environmental *** in the power restoration of renewable energy generators should also be *** different energy storage methods can store and release electrical/thermal/mechanical energy and provide flexibility and stability to the power ***,a review of the use of energy storage methods for black start services is provided,for which little has been discussed in the ***,the challenges that impede a stable,environmentally friendly,and cost-effective energy storage-based black start are *** energy storagebased black start service may lack supply ***,the typical energy storage-based black start service,including explanations on its steps and configurations,is *** start services with different energy storage technologies,including electrochemical,thermal,and electromechanical resources,are *** suggest that hybridization of energy storage technologies should be developed,which mitigates the disadvantages of individual energy storage methods,considering the deployment of energy storage-based black start services.

关键词： black start renewable energy electrochemical energy storage thermal energy storage electromechanical energy storage hybrid energy storage

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Financing Disaster Risk Reduction:Exploring the Opportunities,Challenges,and Threats Within the Southern African Development Community Region

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第3期14卷 398-412页

作者： Christo Coetzee Sizwile Khoza Livhuwani D.Nemakonde Lesego B.Shoroma Gideon W.Wentink Maynard Nyirenda Steven Chikuse Tchaka Kamanga Kgosietsile Maripe Morenaogaufi J.Rankopo Lengwe-Katembula Mwansa Dewald Van Niekerk African centre for Disaster Studies Unit for Environmental Science and ManagementNorth-West UniversityPotchefstroom 2520North West ProvinceSouth Africa Sustainable Growth and Development Initiative Blantyre 312200Malawi Department of Social Work University of BotswanaGaboroneBotswana

The Southern African Development Community(SADC)region,a regional economic body comprised of 16 member states,is one of our planet's most vulnerable regions to natural hazards,and has a complex disaster risk *** region has sustained several disasters over the past *** events include annual floods in 2004-2019 and extreme droughts(1990-1993);other climate-induced disasters,such as cyclones,also have had devastating impacts,particularly on the Indian Ocean island states and east coast *** reduce the risk and impacts of dis asters,governments must invest in disaster risk reduction(DRR).However,interventions aimed at reducing social and economic vulnerability and investing in longterm mitigation activities are often few,poorly funded,and insignificant in comparison with money spent on humanitarian assistance,dis aster relief,and post-disaster *** study investigated whether DRR is adequately funded within SADC member states in light of the high stakes in human life,infrastructure,and economic losses and the potential savings *** study applied a qualitative research design with data collected through semistructured interviews and focus group *** were selected purposefully and through snowball sampling with a total of 67 respondents from Botswana,Eswatini,Namibia,South Africa,and Zimbabwe participating in the *** study findings reveal that DRR is inadequately funded in all the member states consulted in comparison to funding allocated to disaster *** light of the underfunding experienced by DRR activities,this study provides a platform for lobbying and advocacy for adequate funding for DRR.

关键词： Budget allocations Disaster impacts Disaster risk reduction Southern African Development Community

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The Irony of Flood Risks in African Dryland Environments: Human Security in North Cameroon

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2017年第3期5卷 109-121页

作者： Henry Bang Lee Miles Richard Gordon Disaster Management centre Faculty of Management Bournemouth University Bournemouth United Kingdom

North Cameroon, though located in an arid environment, ironically also suffers from the serious threat of flooding in the region. This article examines contemporary challenges resulting from frequent flooding in North Cameroon. Using Cutter’s “Hazard of Place Model” of vulnerability as the conceptual basis, the article triangulates data from a variety of sources to analyze environmental risks, social and biophysical vulnerability and flood impact, including flood risk management in North Cameroon. The findings reveal that North Cameroon is vulnerable to frequent flooding due to a combination of environmental, socio-economic, and geographic factors further compounded by low organizational resilience to flooding with dire consequences for livelihoods. We argue that, if not handled appropriately, the impact of flooding in North Cameroon risks trapping the population in a permanent and vicious cycle of destitution and poverty. The government urgently needs to review its disaster management policies to be more proactive and strategic in flood management in order to enhance human security and prevent permanent damage to the livelihoods and the micro-economy of the region. Lessons learned from this research, when applied, can help to reduce the vulnerabilities of the poverty-stricken population and enhance resilience to flood risks.

关键词： Frequent Flooding North Cameroon Vulnerability Flood Management

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