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Journal of Meteorological Research 2017年第5期31卷 890-905页

作者： Rui WANG Yunfei FU School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China state key laboratory of severe weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences key laboratory of atmospheric Sciences and Satellite Remote Sensing of Anhui Province Anhui Institute of Meteorological Sciences

In this study, a merged dataset constructed from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission precipitation radar rain products and Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive data is used to investigate the thermal structural characteristics of convective and stratiform precipitation in the rainy season （May-August） of 1998-2012 over East Asia. The res- ults show that the storm tops for convective precipitation are higher than those for stratiform precipitation, because of the more unstable atmospheric motions for convective precipitation. Moreover, the storm tops are higher at 1200 UTC than at 0000 UTC over land regions for both convective and stratiform precipitation, and vice versa for ocean region. Additionally, temperature anomaly patterns inside convective and stratiform precipitating clouds show a neg- ative anomaly of about 0-2 K, which results in cooling effects in the lower troposphere. This cooling is more obvi- ous at 1200 UTC for stratiform precipitation. The positive anomaly that appears in the middle troposphere is more than 2 K, with the strongest warming at 300 hPa. Relative humidity anomaly patterns show a positive anomaly in the middle troposphere （700-500 hPa） prior to the occurrence of the two types of precipitation, and the increase in mois- ture is evident for stratiform precipitation.

关键词： vertical structure of precipitation atmospheric stability temperature anomaly relative humidity anomaly

Changes in the Diurnal Cycles of Precipitation over Eastern China in the Past 40 Years

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Advances in atmospheric Sciences 2013年第2期30卷 461-467页

作者： YUAN Weihua YU Rucong LI Jian state key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 state key laboratory of severe weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 Dali National Climate Obsevvatory Yunnan 671003

This study analyzed the interdecadal changes in the diurnal variability of summer （June-August） precipitation over eastern China during the period 1966 2005 using hourly station rain gauge data. The results revealed that rainfall diurnal variations experienced significant interdecadal changes. Over the area to the south of the Yangtze River, as well as the area between the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, the percentages of morning rainfall （0000 1200 LST） to total rainfall in terms of amount, frequency and intensity, all exhibited increasing interdecadal trends. On the contrary, over North China, decreasing trends were found. As a result, diurnal rainfall peaks also presented pronounced interdecadal variations. Over the area between the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, there were 16 out of 46 stations with afternoon （1200-0000 LST） frequency peaks in the first 20 years of the 40-year period of study, while only eight remained in the latter 20 years. In North China, seven stations experienced the opposite changes, which accounted for about 21% of the total number of stations. The possible causes for the interdecadal changes in diurnal features were discussed. As the rainfall in the active monsoon period presents morning diurnal peaks, with afternoon peaks in the break period, the decrease （increase） of rainfall in the active monsoon period over North China （the area south of the Yangtze River and the area between the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers） may contribute to interdecadal changes in diurnal rainfall variability.

关键词： diurnal cycle interdecadal changes eastern China

Investigating Lightning Characteristics through a Supercell Storm by Comprehensive Coordinated Observations over North China

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Advances in atmospheric Sciences 2020年第8期37卷 861-872页

作者： Dongxia LIU Xiushu QIE Yichen CHEN Zhuling SUN Shanfeng YUAN key laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation(LAGEO) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChina Academy ScienceBeijing 100029China state key laboratory of severe weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Beijing weather Modification Office Beijing 100089China

Electrical characteristics of an isolated supercell storm observed on 13 June 2014 over Beijing were investigated using lightning data obtained from the Beijing Lightning Network,radar reflectivity,and hydrometeor retrievals during the 6-h *** cloud-to-ground(+CG)lightning took a high percentage of CG *** and during a hail event,+CG lightning was more frequent than negative cloud-to-ground(-CG)lightning,except that+CG lightning took a high percentage at the beginning and in the dissipating *** the hail event ended,-CG lightning dominated and reached its maximum *** analysis of hydrometeors retrieved by X-band polarimetric radar revealed that the discharge concentrated in the convective region with graupel particles and hailstones,whereas graupel,snow and ice crystals in the stratiform *** radiation sources were located mainly in the convective region,some of which were distributed along a gradient of radar reflectivity from the convective region to the stratiform *** indication is that the supercell demonstrated an inverted tripole charge structure before the hail event,which converted to a normal tripole structure after the hail event.

关键词： lightning supercell Beijing Lightning Network charge structure

Increased Tibetan Plateau Snow Depth:An Indicator of the Connection between Enhanced Winter NAO and Late-Spring Tropospheric Cooling over East Asia

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Advances in atmospheric Sciences 2010年第4期27卷 788-794页

作者：辛晓歌周天军宇如聪 state key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Division of Climate System Modeling National Climate CenterChina Meteorological Administration state key laboratory of severe weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological Administration

The authors present evidence to suggest that variations in the snow depth over the Tibetan Plateau （TP） are connected with changes of North Atlantic Oscillation （NAO） in winter （JFM）. During the positive phase of NAO, the Asian subtropical westerly jet intensifies and the India-Myanmar trough deepens. Both of these processes enhance ascending motion over the TP. The intensified upward motion, together with strengthened southerlies upstream of the India-Myanmar trough, favors stronger snowfall over the TP, which is associated with East Asian tropospheric cooling in the subsequent late spring （April-May）. Hence, the decadal increase of winter snow depth over the TP after the late 1970s is proposed to be an indicator of the connection between the enhanced winter NAO and late spring tropospheric cooling over East Asia.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau snow depth North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) tropospheric cooling

Understanding the Performance of an Unstructured-Mesh Global Shallow Water Model on Kinetic Energy Spectra and Nonlinear Vorticity Dynamics

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第6期33卷 1075-1097页

作者： Lei WANG Yi ZHANG Jian LI Zhuang LIU Yihui ZHOU state key laboratory of severe weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi Wuxi 214011 state key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029

A strategy for evaluating a global shallow water model based on aspects of kinetic energy spectra and nonlinear vorticity dynamics is proposed in this *** kinetic energy spectra and nonlinear vorticity dynamics of a recently developed global shallow water model on an unstructured mesh are evaluated in comparison with the benchmark solutions from a global high-resolution spectral *** results show that the kinetic energy spectra,the rotational and divergent components,the stationary and transient components,and the nonlinear spectral fluxes of the developed shallow water model agree well with those generated by the reference *** addition,the influence of different flux operators for transporting the potential vorticity(PV)is assessed *** is indicated that the second-order flux operator leads to a spurious increase in the kinetic energy at the tail of the spectrum,whereas the upwind third-order flux operator does not support this behavior owing to implicit numerical ***,the nonlinear vorticity dynamics is studied by using colliding *** is found that the grid-point model maintains the symmetrical pattern of vortices,and generates similar kinetic energy spectra and nonlinear spectral fluxes to the reference *** evaluation provides a reference for assessing the shallow water model in terms of nonlinear dynamics,and the developed global shallow water model presents a good example.

关键词： kinetic energy spectra nonlinear vorticity dynamics shallow water model icosahedral model model evaluation

Exploring HONO formation and its role in driving secondary pollutants formation during winter in the North China Plain

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第10期132卷 83-97页

作者： Shaobin Zhang Guo Li Nan Ma Yao He Shaowen Zhu Xihao Pan Wenlin Dong Yanyan Zhang Qingwei Luo Jeannine Ditas Uwe Kuhn Yuxuan Zhang Bin Yuan Zelong Wang Peng Cheng Juan Hong Jiangchuan Tao Wanyun Xu Ye Kuang Qiaoqiao Wang Yele Sun Guangsheng Zhou Yafang Cheng Hang Su institute for Environmental and Climate Research Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 511443China Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality Guangzhou 511443China Max Planck institute for Chemistry Mainz 55128Germany School of atmospheric Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China institute of Mass Spectrometry and atmospheric Environment Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China state key laboratory of severe weather&key laboratory for atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric CompositionChinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China state key laboratory of atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Gucheng Experimental Station of Ecological and Agricultural Meteorology Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China

Daytime HONO photolysis is an important source of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals(OH).Knowledge of HONO formation chemistry under typical haze conditions,however,is still *** the Multiphase chemistry experiment in Fogs and Aerosols in the North China Plain in 2018,we investigated the wintertime HONO formation and its atmospheric implications at a rural site *** different episodes based on atmospheric aerosol loading levels were classified:clean periods(CPs),moderately polluted periods(MPPs)and severely polluted periods(SPPs).Correlation analysis revealed that HONO formation via *** conversion of NO_(2)was more efficient on aerosol surfaces than on ground,highlighting the important role of aerosols in promoting HONO *** HONO budget analysis indicated a large missing source(with an average production rate of 0.66±0.26,0.97±0.47 and 1.45±0.55 ppbV/hr for CPs,MPPs and SPPs,respectively),which strongly correlated with photo-enhanced reactions(NO_(2)heterogeneous reaction and particulate nitrate photolysis).Average OH formation derived from HONO photolysis reached up to(0.92±0.71),(1.75±1.26)and(1.82±1.47)ppbV/hr in CPs,MPPs and SPPs respectively,much higher than that from O3 photolysis(i.e.,(0.004±0.004),(0.006±0.007)and(0.0035±0.0034)ppbV/hr).Such high OH production rates could markedly regulate the atmospheric oxidation capacity and hence promote the formation of secondary aerosols and pollutants.

关键词： HONO North China Plain Budget analysis OH radicals

Performance of CAMS-CSM in Simulating the Shortwave Cloud Radiative Effect over Global Stratus Cloud Regions: Baseline Evaluation and Sensitivity Test

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第4期33卷 651-665页

作者： Yihui ZHOU Yi ZHANG Xinyao RONG Jian LI Rucong YU state key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 state key laboratory of severe weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

The ability of climate models to correctly reproduce clouds and the radiative effects of clouds is vitally important in climate simulations and *** this study,simulations of the shortwave cloud radiative effect(SWCRE)using the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Climate System Model(CAMS-CSM)are *** relationships between SWCRE and dynamic–thermodynamic regimes are examined to understand whether the model can simulate realistic processes that are responsible for the generation and maintenance of stratus *** eastern China,CAMS-CSM well simulates the SWCRE climatological state and stratus cloud *** model captures the strong dependence of SWCRE on the dynamic *** the marine boundary layer regions,the simulated SWCRE magnitude is weaker than that in the observations due to the lack of low-level stratus clouds in the *** model fails to simulate the close relationship between SWCRE and local stability over these regions.A sensitivity numerical experiment using a specifically designed parameterization scheme for the stratocumulus cloud cover confirms this *** schemes that directly depict the relationship between the stratus cloud amount and stability are beneficial for improving the model performance.

关键词： Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Climate System Model (CAMS-CSM) shortwave cloudradiative effect (SWCRE) stratus cloud model errors

Evolution of Instability before and during a Torrential Rainstorm in North China

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Advances in atmospheric Sciences 2016年第1期33卷 110-120页

作者： Lu LIU Lingkun RAN Shouting GAO institute of atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy Sciences Beijing 100029 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100040 state key laboratory of severe weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081

NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data were used to analyze the characteristics and evolution mechanism of convective and symmetric instability before and during a heavy rainfall event that occurred in Beijing on 21 July *** twelve hours before the rainstorm,the atmosphere was mainly dominated by convective instability in the lower level of 900-800 *** strong southwesterly low-level jet conveyed the moist and warm airflow continuously to the area of torrential rain,maintaining and enhancing the unstable *** the precipitation occurred,unstable energy was released and the convective instability ***,due to the baroclinicity enhancement in the atmosphere,the symmetric instability strengthened,maintaining and promoting the subsequent torrential *** the convective instability tendency equation demonstrated that the barotropic component of potential divergence and the advection term played a major role in enhancing the convective instability before the *** of the tendency equation of moist potential vorticity showed that the coupled term of vertical vorticity and the baroclinic component of potential divergence was the primary factor influencing the development of symmetric instability during the *** the effects of these factors on convective instability and symmetric instability showed some correlation.

关键词： convective instability symmetric instability torrential rain potential divergence

Verification of GRAPES unified global and regional numerical weather prediction model dynamic core

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第22期53卷 3458-3464页

作者： YANG XueSheng HU JiangLin CHEN DeHui ZHANG HongLiang SHEN XueShun CHEN JiaBin JI LiRen state key laboratory of severe weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China National Meteorological Center Beijing 100081 China state key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Beijing 100029 China

During the past few years, most of the new developed numerical weather prediction models adopt the strategy of multi-scale technique. Therefore, China Meteorological Administration has devoted to developing a new generation of global and regional multi-scale model since 2003. In order to validate the performance of the GRAPES (Global and Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System) model both for its scientific design and program coding, a suite of idealized tests has been proposed and conducted, which includes the density flow test, three-dimensional mountain wave and the cross-polar flow test. The density flow experiment indicates that the dynamic core has the ability to simulate the fine scale nonlinear flow structures and its transient features. While the three-dimensional mountain wave test shows that the model can reproduce the horizontal and vertical propagation of internal gravity waves quite well. Cross-polar flow test demonstrates the rationality of both for the semi-Lagrangian departure point calculation and the discretization of the model near the poles. The real case forecasts reveal that the model has the ability to predict the large-scale weather regimes in summer such as the subtropical high, and to capture the major synoptic patterns in the mid and high latitudes.

关键词：数值天气预报气象学天气预测气象分析

Seasonal Forecast of South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset Disturbed by Cold Tongue La Niña in the Past Decade

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Advances in atmospheric Sciences 2021年第1期38卷 147-155页

作者： Ning JIANG Congwen ZHU state key laboratory of severe weather and institute of Climate System Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China

It has been suggested that a warm(cold)ENSO event in winter is mostly followed by a late(early)onset of the South China Sea(SCS)summer monsoon(SCSSM)in *** results show this positive relationship,which is mainly determined by their phase correlation,has been broken under recent rapid global warming since 2011,due to the disturbance of cold tongue(CT)La Niña *** from its canonical counterpart,a CT La Niña event is characterized by surface meridional wind divergences in the central-eastern equatorial Pacific,which can delay the SCSSM onset by enhanced convections in the warming Indian Ocean and the western subtropical *** to the increased Indian−western Pacific warming and the prevalent CT La Niña events,empirical seasonal forecasting of SCSSM onset based on ENSO may be challenged in the future.

关键词： monsoon onset SCSSM ENSO cold tongue La Niña seasonal forecast