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Airborne Investigation of Riming:Cloud and Precipitation Microphysics within a Weak Convective System in North China

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Advances in atmospheric Sciences 2025年第3期42卷 515-526页

作者： Xiangfeng HU Hao HUANG Shaoyu HOU Kun ZHAO Chuanfeng ZHAO Yinghui LU Jiefang YANG Rong ZHANG Delong ZHAO Weiguo LIU Dan ZHANG Haixia XIAO key laboratory of Radar Meteorology and state key laboratory of severe weather China Meteorology AdministrationBeijing 100044China China Meteorological Administration Xiong'an atmospheric Boundary Layer key laboratory Xiong'an New AreaHebei 071703China Hebei Provincial weather Modification Center ShijiazhuangHebei 051430China School of atmospheric Sciences Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather/MOEand Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material CyclingNanjing UniversityJiangsu 210023China Department of atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Cloud-Precipitation Physics and weather Modification key laboratory China Meteorology AdministrationBeijing 100044China Beijing weather Modification Center Beijing 100089China Nanjing Joint Institute for atmospheric Sciences NanjingJiangsu 210000China

The process of riming significantly impacts the microphysical characteristics of *** study uses aircraft and radar observation data in stratiform clouds with convection embedded that occurred in the central and southern regions of North China on 22 May *** microphysical structural characteristics and processes near the embedded convection core and in the stratiform cloud are analyzed *** attention is given to the effect of riming on the microphysical properties near the upper boundary of the melting layer and to the factors influencing riming *** collaborative observations reveal that the particle size distributions observed near the convection core and in the stratiform region are close,while the particle properties like habit and riming degree are quite *** the melting layer,larger plate-like ice particles and supercooled water droplets(D>50μm)are more abundant near the convective core,leading to higher collision efficiencies between ice particles and supercooled water *** fluctuation amplitudes of vertical airflow near the convective core also contribute to the increased riming activity and the formation of more heavily rimed particles,such as ***,in situ measurements from airborne probes also revealed that above the melting layer,the riming process involves two stages:the mass of snow crystals grows as supercooled droplets merge internally without changing size,followed by external freezing that significantly enlarges the crystals.

关键词： riming collision efficiency airflow fluctuation particle habit aircraft measurement

Development of an automated photolysis rates prediction system based on machine learning

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 211-224页

作者： Weijun Pan Sunling Gong Huabing Ke Xin Li Duohong Chen Cheng Huang Danlin Song state key laboratory of severe weather&key laboratory of atmospheric chemistry of CMA Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China state Environmental key laboratory of Reginal Air Quality Monitoring Guangdong Ecological Environmental Monitoring CenterGuangzhou 510308China state Environmental Protection key laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Complex Shanghai Academy of Environmental SciencesShanghai 200233China Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences Chengdu 610072China National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao Macao Environmental Research InstituteMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China

Based on observed meteorological elements,photolysis rates(J-values)and pollutant concentrations,an automated J-values predicting system by machine learning(J-ML)has been developed to reproduce and predict the J-values of O^(1)D,NO_(2),HONO,H_(2)O_(2),HCHO,and NO_(3),which are the crucial values for the prediction of the atmospheric oxidation capacity(AOC)and secondary pollutant concentrations such as ozone(O_(3)),secondary organic aerosols(SOA).The J-ML can self-select the optimal“Model+Hyperparameters”without human *** evaluated results showed that the J-ML had a good performance to reproduce the J-values wheremost of the correlation(R)coefficients exceed 0.93 and the accuracy(P)values are in the range of 0.68-0.83,comparing with the J-values from observations and from the tropospheric ultraviolet and visible(TUV)radiation model in Beijing,Chengdu,Guangzhou and Shanghai,*** hourly prediction was also well performed with R from 0.78 to 0.81 for next 3-days and from 0.69 to 0.71 for next 7-days,*** with O_(3)concentrations by using J-values from the TUV model,an emission-driven observation-based model(e-OBM)by using the J-values from the J-ML showed a 4%-12%increase in R and 4%-30%decrease in ME,indicating that the J-ML could be used as an excellent supplement to traditional numerical *** feature importance analysis concluded that the key influential parameter was the surface solar downwards radiation for all J-values,and the other dominant factors for all J-values were 2-m mean temperature,O_(3),total cloud cover,boundary layer height,relative humidity and surface pressure.

关键词： J-values Automated prediction system Machine learning Short-term prediction O_(3) simulated improvement

The Influence of Heterogeneous Processes on the Physicochemical Properties of atmospheric Aerosols

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Advances in atmospheric Sciences 2025年第04期 623-640页

作者： Maofa GE Shengrui TONG Lin DU Lingyan WU Ting LEI Kun LI Minglan XU Narcisse T.TSONA Wenqian ZHANG Hailiang ZHANG state key laboratory for Structural chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Environment Research Institute Shandong University state key laboratory of severe weather & key laboratory of atmospheric chemistry of CMA Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences

With the rapid development of the world economy, complex air pollution has increasingly become a serious threat; for example, with haze events occurring frequently in various regions of the globe. Recent evidence has indicated that secondary aerosols play an important role in haze formation, and that heterogeneous processes are among the main forces driving their explosive growth. In this regard, this paper reviews recent advances in the understanding of the impact of heterogeneous processes on haze chemistry, including the impact on NO2chemistry, marine aerosols, and the hygroscopicity and optical properties of atmospheric aerosols. It is distinguished from past reviews on this topic by focusing mainly on new insights from the past five years. We summarize the main findings of the impacts of heterogeneous processes on NO2chemistry, marine aerosols, and the physicochemical properties of atmospheric aerosols, and propose several future research directions.

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The upper tropospheric-lower stratospheric ozone drives summer precipitation and wildfire changes in West Siberia

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Science Bulletin 2025年第2期70卷 255-262页

作者： Fei Xie Yan Xia Wenshou Tian Martyn P.Chipperfield Wuhu Feng Ke Gui Yingli Niu Na Liu Yuanyuan Han School of Systems Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China key laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education College of Atmospheric SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of Earth and Environment University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK National Centre for Earth Observation University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK National Centre for atmospheric Science University of LeedsLeedsLS29PHUK state key laboratory of severe weather&key laboratory of atmospheric chemistry of CMA Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China key laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringXi’an Polytechnic UniversityXi’an 710048China

Siberian wildfires are pivotal in determining the carbon cycle and climate dynamics,exerting a profound impact on the ecosystems of the entire Arctic *** the past few decades,variations in summer precipitation in West Siberia have significantly influenced wildfire *** study analyzed precipitation trends in West Siberia from 1982 to 2021 using observations and transient simulations,uncovering a strong correlation between precipitation variability and ozone concentrations in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere(UTLS).Heightened UTLS ozone levels warm the upper atmosphere over West Siberia during *** warming modifies the regional polar jet stream,intensifying its southern branch and weakening the northern one,leading to a southward shift in the jet ***,cyclonic circulation anomalies emerge in the upper troposphere,characterized by a barotropic structure with unusual upward movements around 60°*** upward motion triggers corresponding anomalies in zonal winds in the lower troposphere,fostering a low-pressure system at the *** atmospheric shift results in an influx of warm,moist air from the south and cold,dry air from the north into Siberia,enhancing cloud formation and ***,our analysis suggests that the rise in summer precipitation in West Siberia between 1993 and 2010 is linked to increased UTLS ozone concentrations during this ***,the decline in UTLS ozone since 2010 may increase the risk of wildfires by suppressing *** findings underscore the pivotal role of stratospheric chemistry in shaping the regional climate and wildfire behavior.?2024 Science China *** by Elsevier *** Science China *** rights are reserved,including those for text and data mining,AI training,and similar technologies.

关键词： Upper troposphere-lower stratosphere Ozone Radiative effect Precipitation Siberia

Identifying Three Shapes of Potential Vorticity Streamers Using Mask R-CNN

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Advances in atmospheric Sciences 2025年第1期42卷 190-203页

作者： Luqiang HAO Zuowei XIE Yuanfa GONG Jinfang YIN College of atmospheric Science Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China state key laboratory of severe weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Potential vorticity(PV)streamers are elongated filaments of high PV intrusions that generally exhibit three distinct shapes:ordinarily southwestward,hook,and treble-clef,each with significant influences on *** PV streamers are most frequent over arid and semi-arid Central Asia in the mid–high *** study applied the Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network algorithm(Mask R-CNN)to PV streamers on the dynamical tropopause during the warm season(May to September)over the years 2000–04 to train a weighted variational model capable of identifying these different *** trained model demonstrated a strong ability to distinguish between the three shapes.A climatological analysis of PV streamers over Central Asia spanning 2000 to 2021 revealed an increasingly deep and pronounced reversal of circulation from ordinary to treble-clef *** treble-clef shape featured a PV tower and distinct cut-off low in the troposphere,but the associated upward motions and precipitation were confined within approximately 1200 km to the east of the PV *** the hook-shape PV streamers were linked to a weaker cut-off low,the extent of upward motion and precipitation was nearly double that of the treble-clef *** contrast,the ordinary PV streamer was primarily associated with tropopause Rossby wave breaking and exhibited relatively shallow characteristics,which resulted in moderate upward motion and precipitation to 500 km to its east.

关键词： Rossby wave breaking potential vorticity streamers Mask-RCNN Central Asia dynamical tropopause

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Targeted sounding observations from geostationary satellite and impacts on high impact weather forecasts

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年

作者： Wei HAN Ruoying YIN Jun LI Yongzhu LIU Jincheng WANG Yonghui LI Xiaohao QIN Zhiqing ZHANG Xueshun SHEN CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre (CEMC) state key laboratory of severe weather (LaSW) National Satellite Meteorological Center state key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

In monitoring and predicting high-impact weather(HIW) events, targeted atmospheric temperature and moisture sounding observations in sensitive areas are more valuable than conventional observations. The conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation(CNOP) method and the linear singular vector(SV) method can be employed to identify these weather-sensitive areas for targeted observations. Such observations can be conducted by using hyperspectral infrared sounders onboard geostationary weather satellites. The Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder(GIIRS) onboard China's Fengyun(FY)-4geostationary satellite series can provide atmospheric sounding observations with a temporal resolution of up to 15 min over areas prone to active weather events. GIIRS offers unprecedented opportunities for targeted observations, enabling flexible measurement modes that focus on weather-sensitive areas. High-temporal-resolution measurements not only reveal the threedimensional(3D) thermodynamic structure of the atmosphere, but also track moisture characteristics to capture the 3D dynamic structure. Moreover, high-temporal-resolution measurements of clear radiances can enhance atmospheric sounding retrievals(used for HIW situation awareness) and data assimilation(used to improve numerical weather prediction). The four-dimensional variational(4D-Var) system facilitates the utilization of the high-temporal-resolution GIIRS targeted observations. In this study,we explore the applications of FY-4A and FY-4B GIIRS targeted observations and focus on data assimilation based on the 4DVar system for improving HIW forecasts. Several typhoon cases are selected for impact analysis. Moreover, we compare CNOP and SV methods for identifying sensitive areas, and use the 4D-Var assimilation system of the Global Assimilation Forecasting System of the China Meteorological Administration(CMA-GFS) for real-time data assimilation. The results indicate hightemporal-resolution observations positively impact ty

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Impacts of the annual cycle of background SST in the tropical Pacific on the phase and amplitude of ENSO

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atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2025年第1期18卷 12-17页

作者： Song Jiang Congwen Zhu Ning Jiang state key laboratory of severe weather(LASW) Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijingChina College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

The dominant annual cycle of sea surface temperature(SST)in the tropical Pacific exhibits an antisymmetric mode,which explains 83.4%total variance,and serves as a background of El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO).However,there is no consensus yet on its anomalous impacts on the phase and amplitude of *** on data during 1982-2022,results show that anomalies of the antisymmetric mode can affect the evolution of ENSO on the interannual scale via Bjerknes feedback,in which the positive(negative)phase of the antisymmetric mode can strengthen El Niño(La Niña)in boreal winter via an earlier(delayed)seasonal cycle transition and larger(smaller)annual *** magnitude of the SST anomalies in the equatorial eastern Pacific can reach more than±0.3◦C,regulated by the changes in the antisymmetric mode based on random sensitivity *** reveal the spatial pattern of the annual cycle associated with the seasonal phase-locking of ENSO evolution and provide new insight into the impact of the annual cycle of background SST on ENSO,which possibly carries important implications for forecasting ENSO.

关键词： Annual cycle SST anomaly Antisymmetric mode ENSO

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The Teleconnection between Rainfall over the Northeastern Slope of the Tibetan Plateau and Downstream Regions:Insights from 20 Years of Heavy Rainfall Events

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Advances in atmospheric Sciences 2025年第2期42卷 327-341页

作者： Wei SUN Rucong YU Jian LI Zewen LI state key laboratory of severe weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationChengdu 610072China Department of atmospheric Science Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Mete-orological Service Center Hohhot 010051China

The connection between rainfall over topographic regions and their downstream areas represents a phenomenon of great concern in atmospheric *** on the rainfall events of the past two decades,we analyzed the impact of rainfall over the Northeastern Slope of the Tibetan Plateau(NSTP)on rainfall in downstream *** discovered that rainfall followed two propagation routes,guided by two modes related to the three-dimensional circulation *** the first mode,dominated by cold(warm)anomalies along the west(east)direction,rainfall over the NSTP was concentrated between an upstream cyclonic and a downstream anti-cyclonic anomalous circulation(an upstream trough and a downstream ridge).This pattern was accompanied by upper-level divergence,low-level convergence,a deep moist layer,and a vertical *** a consequence of the eastward movement of the trough-ridge system associated with the coldwarm anomalies,the rainfall over the NSTP moved eastward along 37°-40°N,reaching North China after about 36 *** the second mode,the circulation structure was also dominated by cold-warm anomalies but rotated clockwise,introducing cold anomalies to the northeast and warm anomalies to the east of the *** the southeastward movement of the circulation structure,rainfall concentrated upstream of the anti-cyclonic circulation around the warm center before moving southeastward to the Sichuan Basin along the eastern edge of the plateau after 30-36 *** findings of this study could broaden the understanding of rainfall-related teleconnection between two distant regions and offer helpful guidance for identifying early signals of rainfall disasters over the Chinese mainland.

关键词： teleconnection rainfall propagation three-dimensional circulation structure upper-tropospheric temperature anomaly

Impact of Skin Temperature Control Variable on the Assimilation of Microwave Temperature-sounding Channels in Regional Numerical weather Prediction

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Advances in atmospheric Sciences 2025年第3期42卷 564-578页

作者： Yaodeng CHEN Qihang YANG Luyao QIN Yuanbing WANG Deming MENG Xusheng YAN key laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China key laboratory of Mesoscale severe weather Ministry of EducationSchool of Atmospheric SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Accurate skin temperature is one of the critical factors in successfully assimilating satellite radiance data over ***,model-simulated skin temperature may not be accurate *** address this issue,an extended skin temperature control variable(TSCV) approach is proposed in a variational assimilation framework,which also considers the background error correlation between skin temperature and atmospheric variables.A series of single observation tests and a 10-day cycling assimilation experiment were conducted to evaluate the impact of the TSCV approach on the assimilation of AMSU-A and ATMS(Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder) microwave temperature-sounding channels over *** results of the single observation tests show that by applying the TSCV approach,not only the direct analysis of skin temperature is realized,but also the interaction between skin temperature and atmospheric variables can be achieved during the assimilation *** results of the cycling experiment demonstrate that the TSCV approach improves the skin temperature analysis,which in turn reduces the RMSE of the surface variables and low-level air temperature *** TSCV approach also reduces the difference between the observed and simulated brightness temperatures of both microwave and infrared window channels over land,suggesting that the approach can facilitate the radiance simulation of these channels,thus contributing to the assimilation of window channels.

关键词： radiance assimilation skin temperature control variable microwave temperature-sounding numerical weather prediction