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Science China(information Sciences) 2024年第10期67卷 359-372页

作者： Jiaxin XU Xiao MA Jingyang LIU Chunhui ZHANG Hongwei LI Xingyu ZHOU Qin WANG institute of Quantum information and Technology Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Telecommunication and Networks National Engineering Research CenterNanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Henan key laboratory of Quantum information and Cryptography Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University

The realistic security of quantum key distribution(QKD) systems is currently a hot research topic in the field of quantum communications. There are always defects in practical devices, and eavesdroppers can make use of the security risk points of various devices to obtain key information. To date, current types of security analysis tend to analyze each security risk point individually, thereby posing great challenges for the overall security evaluation of QKD systems. In this paper, for the first time, we employ machine learning algorithms to identify the defects of different devices and certain attacks in real time, with an accuracy of 98%. It provides a novel solution for the practical security evaluation of QKD systems, thereby addressing the bottleneck problem of multiple risk points being difficult to address simultaneously in QKD systems,thus paving the way for the future large-scale application of quantum communication networks.

关键词： quantum key distribution device imperfections eavasdropping attacks real-time detection machine learning algorithms

High-performance ultrathin Ag electrodes by chemical bond anchoring Ag atoms for stretchable organic light-emitting devices

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Nano Research 2024年第8期17卷 7614-7620页

作者： Yue Qin Yawei Wang Xinxin Wang Yaqi Zhang Jiahao Xu Kanchi Dong Yuehua Chen Wenyong Lai Xinwen Zhang state key laboratory of Organic Electronics and information Displays and institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China

The progress of stretchable organic light-emitting devices(OLEDs)has brought about new possibilities for highly functional wearable ***,the efficiency and durability of stretchable OLEDs have been limited by the performance of stretchable transparent ***,we proposed an interface engineering strategy that involves anchoring the growth of silver(Ag)atoms with amine-enriched biomaterials for high-quality stretchable transparent *** strong interactions between the Ag atom and the amine group enable the uniform Ag electrodes at an ultralow thickness of 7 nm,and provide remarkable mechanical flexibility and strain endurance to the Ag *** distinct effects of different amino acids were investigated,and a deep understanding of their unique contributions to the film formation process was *** resulting ultrathin Ag electrodes exhibit outstanding optoelectrical properties(transmittance of~98% and sheet resistance of~8.7Ω/sq)and excellent stretchability during 500 stretching cycles at 100%*** green phosphorescent OLEDs based on the Ag electrodes have been demonstrated with a current efficiency of up to~70.4 cd/***,the devices show excellent stretching stability,retaining~89% of the original luminance and~78% of the original current efficiency after 200 stretching cycles at 100%*** work opens up new possibilities for stretchable transparent electrodes,fostering advancements in wearable displays and other innovative flexible devices.

关键词： transparent flexible electrodes ultrathin metal film interface mechanical stability

A Survey on the Evolution of Bootkits Attack and Defense Techniques

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China Communications 2024年第1期21卷 102-130页

作者： Yilin Zhou Guojun Peng Zichuan Li Side Liu key laboratory of Aerospace information security and Trust Computing Ministry of EducationWuhan 430072China School of Cyber Science and engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

According to the boot process of modern computer systems,whoever boots first will gain control *** advantage of this feature,a malicious code called bootkit can hijack the control before the OS bootloader and bypass security mechanisms in boot *** makes bootkits difficult to detect or clean up *** the improvement of security mechanisms and the emergence of UEFI,the attack and defense techniques for bootkits have constantly been *** first introduce two boot modes of modern computer systems and present an attack model of bootkits by some sophistical *** we discuss some classic attack techniques used by bootkits from their initial appearance to the present on two axes,including boot mode axis and attack phase ***,we evaluate the race to the bottom of the system and the evolution process between bootkits and security *** last,we present the possible future direction for bootkits in the context of continuous improvement of OS and firmware security mechanisms.

关键词： bootkit hook legacy BIOS security mechanisms UEFI

Effects of quantum noise on teleportation of arbitrary two-qubit state via five-particle Brown state

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第8期33卷 204-211页

作者：汪澳魏玉震姜敏李泳成陈虹黄旭 School of Electronics&information engineering Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China key laboratory of System Control and information Processing Ministry of EducationShanghai 200240China School of information engineering Huzhou UniversityHuzhou 313000China

We propose a new protocol for quantum teleportation(QT)which adopts the Brown state as the quantum *** work focuses on the teleportation of a single unknown two-qubit state via a Brown state channel in an ideal *** validate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme,we conduct experiments by using the quantum circuit simulator ***,we investigate the effects of four noisy channels,namely,the phase damping noise,the bit-flip noise,the amplitude damping noise,and the phase-flip ***,we employ Monte Carlo simulation to elucidate the fidelity density under various noise *** analysis demonstrates that the fidelity of the protocol in a noisy environment is influenced significantly by the amplitude of the initial state and the noise factor.

关键词： quantum communication Brown state fidelity

Multicolor emission from lanthanide ions doped lead-free Cs_(3)Sb_(2)Cl_(9) perovskite nanocrystals

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第5期42卷 940-946,I0005页

作者： He Shao Lifang Li Xiufeng Wu Lin Xu Biao Dong Donglei Zhou Xue Bai Hongwei Song state key laboratory of Organic Electronics and information Displays&institute of Advanced Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Posts&TelecommunicationsNanjing210023China state key laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and Engineering Jilin UniversityChangchun130012China

The toxicity of lead ions has become the severe challenge for the all-inorganic lead halide p erovskite materials,although some works have rep orted the lead-free perovskite nanocrystals(NCs),the photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of these materials is still ***,because the halogen ions can be easily exchanged,the controllable multicolor emission in perovskite NCs is difficult to realize in current *** this work,we introduced lanthanide ions into lead-free Cs_(3)Sb_(2)Cl_(9) perovskite *** from the energy transfer between Cs_(3)Sb_(2)Cl_(9) perovskite NC host and lanthanide ions,the multicolor emission was *** on controlling the doping concentration of Tb^(3+)and Eu^(3+)ions,the white light emission under UV excitation would be turned easily in the Tb^(3+)/Eu^(3+)codoped *** addition,efficient energy transfer from perovskite NCs to Tb^(3+)or Eu^(3+)ions is beneficial to improving the optical properties of lead-free perovskite NCs,resulting in maximum PLQYs of red,green and white light emission of 22.6%,19.7%and 28.5%,***,a white light emitting device(WLED)was fabricated with a power efficiency of 18.5 lm/W,which presents the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage(CIE)of(0.33,0.35).

关键词： Perovskite nanocrystals Lead free Lanthanide ions Energy transfer White light emitting device Rare earths

Improving the spaceborne GNSS-R altimetric precision based on the novel multilayer feedforward neural network weighted joint prediction model

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第2期32卷 271-284页

作者： Yiwen Zhang Wei Zheng Zongqiang Liu Qian Xuesen laboratory of Space Technology China Academy of Space TechnologyBeijing 100094China China Academy of Aerospace Science and Innovation Beijing 100176China state key laboratory of Space-Ground Integrated information Technology Beijing Institute of Satellite Information EngineeringBeijing 100194China

Global navigation satellite system-reflection(GNSS-R)sea surface altimetry based on satellite constellation platforms has become a new research direction and inevitable trend,which can meet the altimetric precision at the global scale required for underwater *** present,there are still research gaps for GNSS-R altimetry under this mode,and its altimetric capability cannot be specifically ***,GNSS-R satellite constellations that meet the global altimetry needs to be ***,the matching precision prediction model needs to be established to quantitatively predict the GNSS-R constellation altimetric ***,the GNSS-R constellations altimetric precision under different configuration parameters is calculated,and the mechanism of the influence of orbital altitude,orbital inclination,number of satellites and simulation period on the precision is analyzed,and a new multilayer feedforward neural network weighted joint prediction model is ***,the fit of the prediction model is verified and the performance capability of the model is tested by calculating the R2 value of the model as 0.9972 and the root mean square error(RMSE)as 0.0022,which indicates that the prediction capability of the model is ***,using the novel multilayer feedforward neural network weighted joint prediction model,and considering the research results and realistic costs,it is proposed that when the constellation is set to an orbital altitude of 500 km,orbital inclination of 75and the number of satellites is 6,the altimetry precision can reach 0.0732 m within one year simulation period,which can meet the requirements of underwater navigation precision,and thus can provide a reference basis for subsequent research on spaceborne GNSS-R sea surface altimetry.

关键词： GNSS-R satellite constellations Sea surface altimetric precision Underwater navigation Multilayer feedforward neural network

Multispectral point cloud superpoint segmentation

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 1270-1281页

作者： WANG QingWang WANG MingYe ZHANG ZiFeng SONG Jian ZENG Kai SHEN Tao GU YanFeng Faculty of information engineering and Automation Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650500China Yunnan key laboratory of Computer Technologies Application Kunming 650500China School of Electronics and information engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

The multitude of airborne point clouds limits the point cloud processing *** are grouped based on similar points,which can effectively alleviate the demand for computing resources and improve processing ***,existing superpoint segmentation methods focus only on local geometric structures,resulting in inconsistent spectral features of points within a *** feature inconsistencies degrade the performance of subsequent ***,this study proposes a novel Superpoint Segmentation method that jointly utilizes spatial Geometric and Spectral information for multispectral point cloud superpoint segmentation(GSI-SS).Specifically,a similarity metric that combines spatial geometry and spectral information is proposed to facilitate the consistency of geometric structures and object attributes within segmented *** the formation of the primary superpoints,an intersuperpoint pointexchange mechanism that maximizes feature consistency within the final superpoints is *** are conducted on two real multispectral point cloud datasets,and the proposed method achieved higher recall,precision,F score,and lower global consistency and feature classification *** experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed GSI-SS over several state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： multispectral point cloud superpoint segmentation over-segmentation spatial-spectral joint metric

security of quantum key distribution with virtual mutually unbiased bases

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第7期67卷 13-21页

作者： Hong-Wei Li Chen-Peng Hao Zhi-Jiang Chen Li Gong Yi-Fei Lu Yang Wang Jia-Ji Li Chun-Mei Zhang Rong Wang Zhen-Qiang Yin Qing-Yu Cai Henan key laboratory of Quantum information and Cryptography SSF IEUZhengzhou 450000China institute of Quantum information and Technology Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China Department of Physics University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China key laboratory of Quantum information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of information and Communication engineering Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China

In a perfect quantum key distribution(QKD)protocol,quantum states should be prepared and measured with mutually unbiased bases(MUBs).However,in a practical QKD system,quantum states are generally prepared and measured with imperfect MUBs using imperfect devices,possibly reducing the secret key rate and transmission *** analyze the security of a QKD system with imperfect MUBs,we propose virtual MUBs to characterize the quantum channel against collective attack,and analyze the corresponding secret key rate under imperfect state preparation and measurement *** generally,we apply the advantage distillation method for analyzing the security of QKD with imperfect MUBs,where the error tolerance and transmission distance can be sharply *** analysis method can be applied to benchmark and standardize a practical QKD system,elucidating the security analysis of different QKD protocols with imperfect devices.

关键词： quantum key distribution mutually unbiased bases advantage distillation

A Generalized MSST Algorithm for Counting Points of Elliptic Curves over F_(p)^(n)

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第4期37卷 1738-1754页

作者： LI Xiao LV Chang PAN Zhizhong key laboratory of Cyberspace security Defense Institute of Information EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China School of Cyber security University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd.Shenzhen 518129China

Elliptic curve cryptography is an important part of nowaday's public key *** points of elliptic curves over finite fields is of great significance to the selection of safety *** present,there are many p-adic algorithms,such as SST algorithm,generalized AGM algorithm,Kedlaya algorithm,etc.,which can deal with the situation of finite fields of small *** this paper,the authors generalize the MSST algorithm of characteristic 2 to general fields of odd characteristic,and propose the generalized MSST *** generalized MSST algorithm is achieved by combining the advantages of the SST algorithm and the generalized AGM *** the time complexity of the multiplication of two n-bit numbers is denoted as O((n)^(μ)),then the time complexity of the generalized MSST algorithm is O(n^(2μ+1/1+μ)),which is the same as the improved SST *** practical experiments,the running time of the generalized MSST algorithm is less than that of the improved SST algorithm.

关键词： Elliptic curve generalized AGM algorithm generalized MSST algorithm SST algorithm

Single-step-etched ultra-compact metamaterial grating coupler enabled by a hierarchical inverse design approach

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第2期67卷 119-126页

作者： Qiao Wang Ruiqi Luo Nan Liu Maojing Hou Bo Xiong Guandong Liu Wei Ma Intelligent Network Research institute Zhejiang LabHangzhou 311100China state key laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

With the concept of metamaterials introduced into integrated photonics,subwavelength structures have gained popularity for their ability to create devices with ultra-compact size,high performance,and versatile ***,traditional metamaterial design methods are usually based on empirical templates and physical approximations,lacking the ability to design free-form metamaterial structures and optimize entire devices *** this work,we propose a hierarchical inverse design approach that combines a conventional effective refractive index based metamaterial structures design with a follow-up global topology *** empirical metamaterial grating coupler design based on effective refractive index engineering faces inaccurate index extraction and insufficient approximation of wavevector matching conditions,which deteriorates coupling efficiency,especially for fully-etched devices with the decreased tapering ***,a subsequent overall topology optimization step can well compensate for the negative effect of the shrinking device footprint to increase the efficiency of the metamaterial grating *** demonstrate a 23μm×10μm ultra-compact metamaterial grating coupler with single-stepetched to couple light between a fiber and a 500 nm single-mode silicon waveguide in the *** measurement shows an insertion loss of 3.17 dB and a 3 dB bandwidth of 77 nm,making it the smallest footprint device ever reported.

关键词： waveguide hierarchical inverse