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Full T-cell activation and function in teleosts require collaboration of first and co-stimulatory signals

Zoological research 2024年第1期45卷 13-24页

作者： Wei Liang Kang Li Haiyou Gao Kunming Li Jiansong Zhang Qian Zhang Xinying Jiao Jialong Yang Xiumei Wei state key laboratory of estuarine and coastal research School of Life SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoShandong 266237China

Mammalian T-cell responses require synergism between the first signal and co-stimulatory signal.However,whether and how dual signaling regulates the T-cell response in early vertebrates remains unknown.In the present study,we discovered that the Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)encodes key components of the LAT signalosome,namely,LAT,ITK,GRB2,VAV1,SLP-76,GADS,and PLC-γ1.These components are evolutionarily conserved,and CD3εmAb-induced T-cell activation markedly increased their expression.Additionally,at least ITK,GRB2,and VAV1 were found to interact with LAT for signalosome formation.Downstream of the first signal,the NF-κB,MAPK/ERK,and PI3K-AKT pathways were activated upon CD3εmAb stimulation.Furthermore,treatment of lymphocytes with CD28 mAbs triggered the AKT-mTORC1 pathway downstream of the co-stimulatory signal.Combined CD3εand CD28 mAb stimulation enhanced ERK1/2 and S6 phosphorylation and elevated NFAT1,c-Fos,IL-2,CD122,and CD44 expression,thereby signifying T-cell activation.Moreover,rather than relying on the first or co-stimulatory signal alone,both signals were required for T-cell proliferation.Full T-cell activation was accompanied by marked apoptosis and cytotoxic responses.These findings suggest that tilapia relies on dual signaling to maintain an optimal T-cell response,providing a novel perspective for understanding the evolution of the adaptive immune system.

关键词： Oreochromis niloticus CD3 CD28 T cells Adaptive immunity Evolution

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Contemporary Asymmetric Genetic Introgression Between Two Pelophylax Species in Shanghai

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Asian Herpetological research 2024年第1期15卷 1-11页

作者： Xu WEI Wenli LIU Gang WANG Rui MA Meiling HUANG Jiaxin ZHENG Tingwei DONG Changqing YUAN Shunqi BO Xiao YUAN Ben LI Shuo MA Qu YUE Youzhong DING Zhenghuan WANG School of Life Sciences East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Shanghai Landscaping and City Appearance Administrative Bureau Shanghai 200041China state key laboratory of estuarine and coastal research East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Shanghai key Lab for Urban ecological Processes and eco-Restoration East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Yangtze Delta estuarine Wetland ecosystem Observation and research Station Ministry of Education&Shanghai Science and Technology CommitteeShanghai 202162China

Human disturbances are considered to break reproduction barriers among species.Significant increases in hybridization events have been reported among a large number of taxonomic groups in anthropogenic environments,providing novel insights into species evolution mechanisms and conservation management in the Anthropocene.The Eastern Golden Frog(Pelophylax plancyi)and BlackSpotted Frog(P.nigromaculatus)are two sympatric anuran species with a long history of mitochondrial genome introgression in highly urbanized continental East Asia.However,there is only limited understanding of the pattern of their contemporary hybridization and factors influencing their interspecific relationship under anthropogenic disturbances.Here,interspecific hybridization between P.plancyi and P.nigromaculatus at the population level was investigated in Shanghai.All except two haplotypes obtained from both species in Shanghai were mixed together,and located in the introgression clade,implying multiple ancient mitochondrial introgression events occurred in the populations of our study area.Asymmetric genetic introgression was detected by microsatellite markers,with 0.7%of P.plancyi and 14.6%of P.nigromaculatus identified as contemporary admixed individuals.Consistent with the trend of population density,higher genetic diversity of neutral microsatellite loci was found in the more abundant P.plancyi;however,variation in mitochondrial(Cyt-b)and nuclear(POMC)genes was higher in relatively rare P.nigromaculatus.The population density of P.plancyi and number of water patches within local habitats were significantly positively correlated with both occurrences and proportions of admixed individuals in the populations of P.plancyi and P.nigromaculatus.Considering the prevalent transformation of habitats in urbanized areas,these results imply that a high population density in isolated artificially altered habitats is likely to increase interspecific hybridization.Thus,population monitoring and improvement of landscape connectivity between habitats wo

关键词： anthropogenic disturbances interspecific hybridization Pelophylax species abundance urban landscape urbanization

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Geographical features and development models of estuarine cities

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2024年第1期34卷 25-40页

作者： CHEN Mingxing XIAN Yue HUANG Yaohuan SUN Zhigang WU Chengbin key laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China College of Resource and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBejing 100049China state key laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China key laboratory of ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China Zhongke Shandong Dongying Institute of Geography Dongying 257509ShandongChina CAs Engineering laboratory for Yellow River Delta Modern Agriculture Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China

Cities are the key areas for human beings to achieve sustainable development goals in the future.estuarine cities are a special type of coastal city in urgent need of a clear definition.This paper proposed that estuarine cities are cities developed on the coast where rivers and oceans meet and defined four connotations,including the intersection of rivers and marine water systems,the coordinated development of land and oceans,the location advantages of connecting rivers and seas,and the important fragility of the ecological environment.We used Hydro SHEDS,OSM,GPW,and urban socioeconomic statistics and selected 50 estuarine cities with large rivers as representatives to summarize the main geographical basis and socioeconomic characteristics.Cities are primarily found in low-altitude,flat regions with average annual temperatures that mainly vary from 10℃to 25℃,relatively abundant precipitation,and extensive biological resources.There are substantial variations in the socioeconomic features of estuarine cities.We proposed eight development patterns,including open and inclusive city spirit,high-quality livable cities,high-quality development driven by innovation,integration of internal and external communication with ports and cities,construction of an international financial center,ecological environment protection and restoration,active promotion of cultural tourism,and positive international exchanges.

关键词： estuarine cities great rivers development models sustainability physical geography socioeconomy

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Characterization of dissolved organic matter in submarine groundwater from a salt marsh in chongming Island,China

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第1期40卷 128-141页

作者： Tangrong HE Fenfen ZHANG Yali WANG Xiaogang CHEN Jinzhou DU state key laboratory of estuarine and coastal research East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Institute of eco-chongming(IEC) Shanghai 202162China key laboratory of coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province School of EngineeringWestlake UniversityHangzhou 310024China

Salt marshes are research hotspots of the carbon cycle in coastal zones because large amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide is fi xed by salt marshes vegetation and stored in its biomass and soil.Dissolved organic carbon(DOC)in submarine groundwater(well water and pore water)in salt marshes plays an important role in advective exchange between the salt marshes and coastal waters.However,the molecular characteristics of DOC in salt marsh groundwater are poorly understood because of the complex DOC structures and hydrodynamic process.In this study,fl uorescent components and refractory DOC(RDOC)in submarine groundwater from a salt marsh(chongming Island,China)and adjacent coastal water were characterized by fl uorescence spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.The fl uorescent components identifi ed by parallel factor analysis indicated that humic-like substances dominated the chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the submarine groundwater.The chromophoric dissolved organic matter and dissolved organic matter in the submarine groundwater had non-conservative behaviors because of additions from terrestrial humic substances.The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra indicated that bioactive substances(carbohydrates)contributed only 13.2%-14.8%of the dissolved organic matter in the submarine groundwater but carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules(CRAMs),the main components of RDOC,contributed 64.5%of the dissolved organic matter.Carbohydrates and CRAMs contributed 16.4%and 61.7%of the dissolved organic matter in the coastal water,similar to the contributions for submarine groundwater.The DOC concentration in submarine groundwater was 386±294μmol/L,which was signifi cantly higher than that in coastal water(91±19μmol/L).The high DOC concentrations and>60%relative RDOC content suggested that submarine groundwater may be an important source of RDOC to coastal seawater.This information will be helpful for estimating the climate eff ects of salt marsh blue carbon.

关键词： submarine groundwater dissolved organic carbon fl uorescence refractory dissolved organic carbon salt marsh chongming Island

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Recognition of Fluvial Bank Erosion Along the Main Stream of the Yangtze River

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Engineering 2022年第12期19卷 50-61页

作者： Ge Yan Heqin Cheng Zeyu Jiang Lizhi Teng Ming Tang Tian Shi Yuehua Jiang Guoqiang Yang Quanping Zhou state key laboratory of estuarine and coastal research East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200000China Nanjing Center China Geological SurveyNanjing 210000China Institute of eco-chongming Shanghai 200000China

Recognizing the risk of fluvial bank erosion is an important challenge to ensure the early warning and prevention or control of bank collapse in river catchments,including in the Yangtze River.This study introduces a geomorphons-based algorithm to extract river bank erosion information by adjusting the flatness from multibeam echo-sounding data.The algorithm maps ten subaqueous morphological elements,including the slope,footslope,flat,ridge,peak,valley,pit,spur,hollow,and shoulder.Twentyone flatness values were used to build an interpretation strategy for the subaqueous features of riverbank erosion.The results show that the bank scarp,which is the erosion carrier,is covered by slope cells when the flatness is 10°.The scour pits and bank scars are indicated by pit cells near the bank and hollow cells in the bank slope at a flatness of 0°.Fluvial subaqueous dunes are considered an important factor accelerating bank erosion,particularly those near the bank toe;the critical flatness of the dunes was evaluated as 3°.The distribution of subaqueous morphological elements was analyzed and used to map the bank erosion inventory.The analysis results revealed that the near-bank zone,with a relatively large water depth,is prone to form large scour pits and a long bank scarp.Arc collapse tends to occur at the long bank scarp to shorten its length.The varied assignment of flatness values among terrestrial,marine,and fluvial environments is discussed,concluding that diversified flatness values significantly enable fluvial subaqueous morphology recognition.Consequently,this study provides a reference for the flatness-based recognition of fluvial morphological elements and enhances the targeting of subaqueous signs and risks of bank failure with a range of multibeam bathymetric data.

关键词： Multibeam echo-sounding data Morphological elements Bank erosion Bank scarp Scour pits Bank collapse

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Radium-traced nutrient outwelling from the Subei Shoal to the Yellow Sea:Fluxes and environmental implication

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2022年第6期41卷 12-21页

作者： Jian’an Liu Dongyan Liu Jinzhou Du state key laboratory of estuarine and coastal research East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

The Subei Shoal is the largest sandy ridge in the southern Yellow Sea and is important source for nutrient loading to the sea.Here,the nutrient fluxes in the Subei Shoal associated with eddy diffusion and submarine groundwater discharge(SGD)were assessed to understand their impacts on the nutrient budget in the Yellow Sea.Based on the analysis of 223 Ra and 224 Ra in the field observation,the offshore eddy diffusivity mixing coefficient and SGD were estimated to be 2.3×10^(8)cm^(2)/s and 2.6×10^(9)m^(3)/d(16 cm/d),respectively,in the Subei Shoal.Combined the significant offshore decreasing gradients of nutrient in seawater of the Subei Shoal,the spatially integrated nutrient outwelling fluxes to the Yellow Sea were 262-1465μmol/(m^(2)·d)for DIN,5.2-21μmol/(m^(2)·d)for DIP and711-913μmol/(m^(2)·d)for DSi.Compared to the riverine input,atmospheric deposition and mariculture,nutrient outwelling from the Subei Shoal might play an important role in nutrient budget of the Yellow Sea.These nutrient fluxes could provide 4.1%-23%N and 1.3%-5.3%P requirements for the primary productivity,and the deviated DIN/DIP ratios have the potential to affect the growth of phytoplankton in the marine ecosystem of the Yellow Sea.

关键词： nutrient outwelling eddy diffusion submarine groundwater discharge radium isotopes Subei Shoal Yellow Sea

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Changes over flood season in turbidity maximum zone in a mountainous macrotidal estuary from 1986 to 2020

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2023年第5期33卷 980-998页

作者： LIU Ruiqing CHENG Heqin TENG Lizhi FAN Heshan state key laboratory of estuarine and coastal research East China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China

The construction of channel regulation projects,reservoirs,and other human activities have led to significant changes in channel geometry and hydrodynamic conditions in mountainous macrotidal estuaries.However,their impact on the long-term evolution of the turbidity maximum zone(TMZ)in these estuaries is still unclear.Therefore,the Minjiang Estuary(ME)was selected as the study area and using the Gabor filter and surface suspended sediment concentration(SSSC)data retrieved from GF PMS/WFV and Landsat-TM/ETM+/OLI images in the flood season from 1986 to 2020,the flow direction of Chuanshi Waterway,the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of TMZ in the ME,and the influence of human activities on these were analyzed.The results indicate that during flood tides in the past 35 years,the TMZ was mainly distributed in sections from the Changmen to the Chuanshi and Meihua waterways.The construction of the Shuikou Reservoir caused the SSSC to decrease by 65 mg/L at the Chuanshi Tidal Gauge Station in the ME.The TMZ in the ME waterway channel notably migrated toward the sea due to the waterway regulation project,with the landward and seaward boundaries moving by 2.5 km and 3 km seaward,respectively.The main distribution area moved from Jinpaimen to the section from Chuanshi Waterway to the mouth of the ME.These variation characteristics were basically consistent with the annual average TMZ in the flood season.Through the interactions between nature and human interventions,the flow regime of the ME tended to converge in the flood season.Therefore,human activities have significantly impacted the long-term evolution of the TMZ in the ME.

关键词： turbidity maximum zone spatiotemporal evolution flow regime remote sensing large-scale engineering Minjiang Estuary

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A positive trend in the stability of global offshore wind energy

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第1期43卷 123-134页

作者： Chongwei Zheng Dalian Naval Academy Dalian 116018China Marine Resources and Environment research Group on the Maritime Silk Road Dalian 116018China Shandong Provincial key laboratory of Ocean Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China

The recognition on the trend of wind energy stability is still extremely rare,although it is closely related to acquisition efficiency,grid connection,equipment lifetime,and costs of wind energy utilization.Using the 40-year(1979–2018)ERA-Interim data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,this study presented the spatial-temporal distribution and climatic trend of the stability of global offshore wind energy as well as the abrupt phenomenon of wind energy stability in key regions over the past 40 years with the climatic analysis method and Mann-Kendall(M-K)test.The results show the following 5 points.(1)According to the coefficient of variation(C_(v))of the wind power density,there are six permanent stable zones of global offshore wind energy:the southeast and northeast trade wind zones in the Indian,Pacific and Atlantic oceans,the Southern Hemisphere westerly,and a semi-permanent stable zone(North Indian Ocean).(2)There are six lowvalue zones for both seasonal variability index(S_(v))and monthly variability index(M_(v))globally,with a similar spatial distribution as that of the six permanent stable zones.M_(v) and S_(v) in the Arabian Sea are the highest in the world.(3)After C_(v),M_(v) and S_(v) are comprehensively considered,the six permanent stable zones have an obvious advantage in the stability of wind energy over other sea areas,with C_(v) below 0.8,M_(v) within 1.0,and S_(v) within 0.7 all the year round.(4)The global stability of offshore wind energy shows a positive climatic trend for the past four decades.C_(v),M_(v) and S_(v) have not changed significantly or decreased in most of the global ocean during 1979 to2018.That is,wind energy is flat or more stable,while the monthly and seasonal variabilities tend to shrink/smooth,which is beneficial for wind energy utilization.(5)C_(v) in the low-latitude Pacific and M_(v) and S_(v) in both the North Indian Ocean and the low-latitude Pacific have an obvious abrupt phenomenon at the end of the20th century.

关键词： global oceans wind energy stability spatial-temporal distribution climatic trend

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Diel,seasonal,and annual variations of fish assemblages in intertidal creeks of the Changjiang River estuary

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第5期41卷 1849-1863页

作者： Jiayi FAN Jiasheng YANG Yuanwen HE Xiaodong JIANG state key laboratory estuarine and coastal research School of Life SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

The use patterns of salt marsh habitats by fish assemblages were investigated in two welldeveloped intertidal creeks in the Changjiang(Yangtze)River estuary on spatial and temporal scales.Samples were collected using fyke nets at two sites during day and night in each season throughout four years.Notable changes in fish assemblages were detected over seasonal and interannual cycles,with many more marine species present in winter assemblages,whereas freshwater and estuarine species characterized the other seasonal samplings.The appearance of catadromous species in intertidal creeks mainly depended upon their specific physiological requirements,such as spawning migration.No significant diel shifts were observed in fish assemblages.This diel pattern may be a combined consequence of avian predation pressure and other drivers(i.e.,inherent living behaviors,food availability,and predation by piscivorous fishes).The spatial difference in fish community was insignificant even though the two intertidal creeks were different in size.Intertidal creeks with different size could possess similar ecological value for fish fauna.Redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that biological factors exerted greater effects on fish assemblages than physical variables.Temporal variations were strongly facilitated by food availability,but negatively impacted by avian predation.Salinity,water temperature,and river runoff had weak influence on temporal variations of fish communities.The lengthfrequency distribution showed that the fish collected in these two sites mainly consisted of young-of-year and juvenile fish,which confirmed that the creeks provided important nursery and forage roles in the process of fish ontogenetic development.Further,we proposed that salt marsh conservation management should be equally applied to all well-developed intertidal creeks regardless of creek size.

关键词： fish temporal variation intertidal creeks Changjiang(Yangtze)River estuary

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Numerical test of scale relations for modelling coastal sandbar migration and inspiration to physical model design

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2022年第4期34卷 700-711页

作者： Yuan Li Chi Zhang Shan-hang Chi Yun-han Yang Jian Shi Ti-ti Sui state key laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210024China College of Harbour Coastal and Offshore EngineeringHohai UniversityNanjing 210024China state key laboratory of estuarine and coastal research East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

Physical model experiments on sandbar migration are widely conducted in the wave flume to reveal its hydro-sediment dynamic mechanisms.Selecting an appropriate scale relation is an important part of designing a laboratory experiment.However,evaluating the scale effect is complicated since it is impractical to design wave flume experiments based on strict geometry scales derived from the prototype beach or other laboratory beaches.Here,a process-based numerical model is used to test the Dean and Shields similitudes by comparing sandbar migration and sediment transport in different undistorted model scales using natural sediments.The numerical model provides excellent predictions for both offshore sandbar migration on a real-world beach and onshore sandbar migration in the wave flume.Consistent with previous studies,sandbar offshore migration and suspended sediment transport are similar when the Dean similitude is fulfilled.Sandbar onshore migration and bedload transport can be well reproduced only if the Shields similitude is achieved.Although previous laboratory experiments of sandbar migration generally used the Dean similitude,it is found that the Shields similitude is effective and indispensable for modelling sandbar onshore migration,which will be underestimated if the Dean similitude is only considered.Each scale relation cannot be used simultaneously for modelling both onshore and offshore sandbar migration in physical models.

关键词： coastal sandbar migration sediment transport scale relations numerical modelling

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