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Low-protein diet supplemented with 1% L-glutamine improves growth performance, serum biochemistry, redox status, plasma amino acids, and alters fecal microbiota in weaned piglets

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animal nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 144-154页

作者： Jun Li Jun Bai Ying Yang Zhenlong Wu state key laboratory of animal nutrition and feeding Department of Companion Animal Science China Agricultural University

Glutamine, one of the most abundant amino acids in the body, has been shown to exert various beneficial effects in pigs. However, knowledge regarding the role of dietary glutamine in low-protein diet-fed piglets remains scarce. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of L-glutamine on growth performance, serum biochemistry parameters, redox status, amino acids, and fecal microbiota in low-protein diet-fed piglets. A total of 128 healthy crossbred piglets(Landrace × Yorkshire)were randomly allocated into 4 groups of 4 replicate pens, with 8 piglets per pen. Piglets in the 4 groups were fed with corn and soybean meal-based low-protein diets(crude protein level, 17%) that contained0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% L-glutamine, respectively, for 28 d. Pigs administered 1% L-glutamine had greater body weight on d 28 and average daily gain(ADG, P < 0.01), whereas a lower feed to gain ratio(F:G) from d 1to 28(P < 0.01), compared to the other three groups. Besides, lower body weight on d 14 and 28, ADG,average daily feed intake, and higher F:G from d 15 to 28 and d 1 to 28 were observed in response to 2%and 3% L-glutamine treatments than 0% and 1% L-glutamine treatments(P < 0.01). Moreover, 1% Lglutamine reduced serum glucose, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide concentrations and inhibited aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, myeloperoxidase activities in low-protein diet-fed piglets on d 14, with concomitantly upregulated catalase, total superoxide dismutase activities and glutathione level(P < 0.05). However, dietary 3% L-glutamine enhanced blood urea nitrogen content in pigs on d 14(P < 0.05). Further investigation revealed that 1% L-glutamine upregulated the serum glutamine, lysine, methionine, tyrosine, and reduced plasma valine content(P < 0.05). Additionally, 1% Lglutamine upregulated the abundance of p＿75＿a5, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Prevotellaceae＿Prevotella,and Gemmiger in the stool of piglets on d 14, with the Streptococcus lev

关键词： Glutamine Low protein diet Pig Redox status Amino acid Microbiota

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Dietary crude protein time-dependently modulates the bacterial community and metabolites and changes dietary nutrient efficiency in growing pigs

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animal nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 1-10页

作者： Yuming Wang Junyan Zhou Ning Cao Lu Wang Jiayu Tu Xiangfang Zeng Shiyan Qiao state key laboratory of animal nutrition and feeding Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences animal Science and Technology College Beijing University of Agriculture state key laboratory of animal nutrition and feeding Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry CentreChina Agricultural University

The reduced nutrient digestibility of low-protein(LP) diets has been shown to be caused by the weakened fermentative capacity of the post-gut flora. The dynamic regulation of dietary protein contents on post-gut microbial population and fermentative metabolism is unclear. Twelve growing barrows(19.9 ± 0.8 kg) fitted with a T-cannula at the blind end of the cecum were randomly administered a highprotein(HP, 21.5% crude protein [CP]) diet or an LP(15.5% CP) diet for 28 d. The cecal content and feces were collected at d 1, 14, and 28 of the experiment for microflora structures and metabolite concentrations analysis. The nutrient digestibility coefficient and plasma biochemical parameters were also determined. Compared with the HP treatment, the LP treatment showed decreased plasma urea nitrogen concentration and apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, and CP(P < 0.01). In addition, urinary nitrogen losses, total nitrogen losses, and daily nitrogen retention in the LP treatment were lower than those in the HP treatment(P < 0.01), and the nitrogen retention-to-nitrogen intake ratio in the LP treatment was increased(P < 0.01). The HP group showed increased cecal total short-chain fatty acids(SCFA) concentration and fecal propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA concentrations(P < 0.05) on d 14 and 28, which may be mainly related to the elevated abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, such as Ruminococcus, Lactobacillus, and Prevotella(P < 0.05). Probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium, Bacteroidales S24-7, and Rikenella, enriched in the LP treatment possibly contributed to reduced plasma endotoxin content. The differences in the abundances of almost all the above-mentioned flora appeared on d 28 but not d 14. Likewise, differences in the Simpson and Shannon indices and clustering patterns of the microbiota between treatments were also only observed on d 28. To sum up, in a time-dependent manner, the LP diet increased probiotics with gut-improving functions a

关键词： Low-protein diet Microorganism Nutrient digestibility Pig Short-chain fatty acid

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Carotenoid enrichment in eggs:From biochemistry perspective

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animal nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 315-333页

作者： Dieudonne M.Dansou Huiyan Zhang Yanan Yu Hao Wang Chaohua Tang Qingyu Zhao Yuchang Qin Junmin Zhang state key laboratory of animal nutrition and feeding Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China

The emergence of safe and functional eggs for consumer acceptance has gained *** production of carotenoid-enriched eggs has received attention due to its multifunctional biological *** modification of laying hens’diet can be a strategy to produce such *** review presents the chemistry of carotenoids in nature and eggs,the accumulation process of carotenoids into eggs,and the functions of carotenoids in *** findings showed that carotenoids can be deposited into the egg and contribute to improving its nutritive *** biosynthesis,chemical structure,and metabolism pathways of carotenoids lead to the deposition of carotenoids into eggs in their original or metabolized ***,some factors modulate the efficiency of carotenoids in fowls before accumulation into ***-enriched eggs may be promising,ensuring the availability of highly nutritive ***,further studies are still needed to comprehend the full metabolism process and the extensive functions of carotenoids in eggs.

关键词： Egg enrichment Egg fortification Carotenoid chemistry Bioavailability Metabolism Function

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Dietary supplementation of laminarin improves the reproductive performance of sows and the growth of suckling piglets

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 329-343页

作者： Pengguang Zhang Guoyuan Jiang Chenghong Ma Yubo Wang Enfa Yan Linjuan He Jianxin Guo Xin Zhang Jingdong Yin state key laboratory of animal nutrition and feeding College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Background Maternal nutrition is essential in keeping a highly efficient production system in the pig *** has been shown to improve antioxidant capacity,reduce the inflammatory response,and favor the homeostasis of intestinal ***,the effect of dietary supplementation of laminarin on the reproductive performance of sows and the growth of suckling offspring remains *** A total of 40 Landrace×Yorkshire multiparous sows on d 85 of gestation,similar in age,body weight(BW),parity and reproductive performance,were randomly divided into four dietary treatments with 10 sows per treatment,receiving a control diet(basal pregnancy or lactating diets)and a basal diet supplemented with 0.025%,0.05%and 0.10%laminarin,*** experiment lasted from d 85 of gestation to d 21 of *** Laminarin supplementation linearly increased number born alive per litter(P=0.03),average daily feed intake(ADFI,P<0.01),and total milk yield of sows during the lactation of 1–21 d(P=0.02).Furthermore,maternal laminarin supplementation increased the average daily gain(ADG)of piglets while tending to reduce the culling and death rate before *** addition,alterations to the composition of colostrum and milk,as well as to serum inflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulins of sows were *** fecal microbiota profile of sows supported the improvement of reproductive performance in sows and the growth performance in suckling *** Dietary supplementation of laminarin during late pregnancy and lactation could significantly improve reproductive performance of sows and growth performance of piglets.

关键词： Fecal microbiota Laminarin Milk Piglets Reproductive performance Sows

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Maternal supplementation with mulberry-leaf flavonoids improves the development of skeletal muscle in the offspring of chickens

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animal nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 72-83页

作者： Zhenwu Huang Hongjian Dai Simeng Li Zhe Wang Quanwei Wei Zhonghua Ning Yuming Guo Fangxiong Shi Zengpeng Lv state key laboratory of animal nutrition and feeding College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China College of animal Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China state key laboratory of animal nutrition and feeding Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China School of Biotechnology Aksu Vocational and Technical CollegeAksu843000China

The development of skeletal muscle is a crucial factor in determining the meat yield and economic benefits of broiler *** research has shown that mulberry leaves and their extracts can be used to significantly improve the growth performance of livestock and *** present study aims to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle development in broiler offspring by dietary mulberry-leaf flavonoids(MLF)supplementation from the perspective of maternal effect theory.A total of 270 Qiling broiler breeder hens were randomly assigned to 3 treatments with different doses of MLF(0,30,60 mg/kg)for 8 weeks before collecting their fertilized *** chicken offspring at 13 and 19 d of embryonic stage,and from 1 to 28 d old after hatching were included in this *** results showed that maternal supplementation increased the breast muscle weight and body weight of the offspring at the embryo and chick stages(P<0.05).This was followed by increased cross-sectional area of pectoral muscle fibres at 14 d(P<0.05).Further determination revealed a tendency towards increased serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1)(P=0.092)and muscle fibre count(P=0.167)at 1 d post-hatching following maternal MLF treatment,while serum uric acid(UA)was decreased at 14 d after hatching(P<0.05).Moreover,maternal MLF supplementation significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of the myogenic regulatory factor Myf5 in skeletal muscle at the both embryonic and growth stages(P<0.05).The relative abundance of the downstream protein of BMPR2,Smad1 and p-Smad1/5/9 in the TGFβsignalling pathway was significantly increased by maternal MLF ***,the increased expression of the target protein p-mTOR in the breast muscle of the offspring chicks is in accordance with the improved growth rate of the breast and the *** conclusion,maternal MLF supplementation can promote muscle protein metabolism and muscle fibre development of chick embryos

关键词： Broiler breeder hen Mulberry-leaf flavonoids Offspring Protein metabolism Skeletal muscle

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nutrition, gastrointestinal microorganisms and metabolites in mastitis occurrence and control

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animal nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 220-231页

作者： Yue Wang Yiguang Zhao Xiangfang Tang Xuemei Nan Linshu Jiang Hui Wang Jun Liu Liang Yang Junhu Yao Benhai Xiong state key laboratory of animal nutrition and feeding Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University Beijing key laboratory for Dairy Cow nutrition Beijing University of Agriculture Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry

Mastitis affects almost all mammals including humans and dairy cows. In the dairy industry, bovine mastitis is a disease with a persistently high incidence, causing serious losses to the health of cows, the quality of dairy products, and the economy of dairy farms. Although local udder infection caused by the invasion of exogenous pathogens into the mammary gland was considered the main cause of mastitis,evidence has been established and continues to grow, showing that nutrition factors and gastrointestinal microbiome(GM) as well as their metabolites are also involved in the development of mammary inflammatory response. Suboptimal nutrition is recognized as a risk factor for increased susceptibility to mastitis in cattle, in particular the negative energy balance. The majority of data regarding nutrition and bovine mastitis involves micronutrients. In addition, the dysbiotic GM can directly trigger or aggravate mastitis through entero-mammary gland pathway. The decreased beneficial commensal bacteria, lowered bacterial diversity, and increased pathogens as well as proinflammatory metabolites are found in both the milk and gastrointestinal tract of mastitic dairy cows. This review discussed the relationship between the nutrition(energy and micronutrient levels) and mastitis, summarized the role of GM and metabolites in regulating mastitis. Meanwhile, several non-antibiotics strategies were provided for the prevention and alleviation of mastitis, including micronutrients, probiotics, short-chain fatty acids, highfiber diet, inulin, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor.

关键词： Mastitis nutrition Gastrointestinal microbiota Metabolite Dairy cow

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Study and use of the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri in pigs:a review

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第1期7卷 26-33页

作者： Chengli Hou Xiangfang Zeng Fengjuan Yang Hong Liu Shiyan Qiao state key laboratory of animal nutrition China Agricultural University

Probiotics are living microorganisms that provide a wide variety of health benefits to the host when ingested in adequate amounts. The bacterial strains most frequently used as probiotic agents are lactic acid bacteria, such as Loctobocillus reuteri, which is one of the few endogenous Lactobadllus species found in the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates, including humans, rats, pigs and chickens. L. reuteri is one of the most well documented probiotic species and has been widely utilized as a probiotic in humans and animals for many years. Initially, L. reuteri was used in humans to reduce the incidence and the severity of diarrhea, prevent colic and necrotic enterocolitis, and maintain a functional mucosal barrier. As interest in alternatives to in-feed antibiotics has grown in recent years, some evidence has emerged that probiotics may promote growth, improve the efficiency of feed utilization, prevent diarrhea, and regulate the immune system in pigs. In this review, the characteristics of L. reuteri are described, in order to update the evidence on the efficacy of using L. reuteri in pigs.

关键词： Antibiotics Application Loctobocillus reuteri Pigs Probiotics

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Probiotic cocktails accelerate baicalin metabolism in the ileum to modulate intestinal health in broiler chickens

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 779-794页

作者： Mingkun Gao Chaoyong Liao Jianyang Fu Zhonghua Ning Zengpeng Lv Yuming Guo state key laboratory of animal nutrition and feeding College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China National Engineering laboratory for animal Breeding College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Background Baicalin and probiotic cocktails are promising feed additives with broad application *** probiotic cocktails are known to enhance intestinal health,the potential synergistic impact of combining baicalin with probiotic cocktails on the gut health of broiler chickens remains largely ***,this study aims to investigate the influence of the combined administration of baicalin and probiotic cocktails on the composition of ileal and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the healthpromoting *** A total of 3201-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were divided into 4 groups,each with 8 replicates of 10 chicks per *** a period of 42 d,the birds were fed a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 37.5 g/t baicalin(BC),1,000 g/t probiotic cocktails(PC),or a combination of both BC(37.5 g/t)and PC(1,000 g/t).The results demonstrated that BC+PC exhibited positive synergistic effects,enhancing intestinal morphology,immune function,and barrier *** was evidenced by increased VH/CD ratio,sIgA levels,and upregulated expression of occludin and claudin-1(P<0.05).16S rRNA analysis indicated that PC potentiated the effects of BC,particularly in the ileum,where BC+PC significantly increased theα-diversity of the ileal microbiota,altered itsβ-diversity,and increased the relative abundance of Flavonifractor(P<0.05),a flavonoid-metabolizing ***,Flavonifractor positively correlated with chicken ileum crypt depth(P<0.05).While BC+PC had a limited effect on cecal microbiota structure,the PC group had a very similar microbial composition to BC+PC,suggesting that the effect of PC at the distal end of the gut overshadowed those of *** We demonstrated the synergistic enhancement of gut health regulation in broiler chickens by combining baicalin and probiotic *** cocktails enhanced the effects of baicalin and accelerated its metab

关键词： Baicalin Gut health Ileal microbiota Probiotic cocktails Synergistic effects

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How neonatal diet affects the long-term development of rumination behavior,rumen fermentation and feed digestion in dairy calves fed a high milk level?

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animal nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 326-337页

作者： Jianxin Xiao Tianyu Chen Rong Peng Gibson M.Alugongo Hui Yang Shuai Liu Yulin Ma Jingjun Wang Shengli Li Zhijun Cao state key laboratory of animal nutrition and feeding International Calf and Heifer OrganizationCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China key laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan Animal Nutrition InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China

This study was to investigate growth performance,rumination development,rumen fermentation and feed digestion in young calves provided high volumes(about 20%of calf birth weight)of milk with or without forage inclusion and how these parameters correlate with each *** after birth,160 newborn Holstein female calves(41.6±4.2 kg of initial BW)were randomly divided into 2 treatments:1)starter(CON,only starter)and 2)starter and hay(HAY,both starter and hay).The calves were fed their respective experimental diets from d 4 to 84,after which they were all introduced to similar diets until the end of the experiment on d *** had no effect on growth and structural measurements throughout the experimental ***,treatment had an effect on the other parameters,mainly during the post-weaning *** supplementation tended to reduce starter dry matter intake(P=0.05),while increasing the forage intake(Pfeeding hay to calves fed a high milk level improved rumination during the post-weaning period only,without a concomitant effect on growth performance thro

关键词： Neonatal calf Early forage feeding Rumination Rumen fermentation Nutrient digestibility

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Effects of Dietary Isoflavone Supplementation on Meat Quality and Oxidative Stability During Storage in Lingnan Yellow Broilers

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第2期13卷 387-393页

作者： JIANG Shou-qun JIANG Zong-yong ZHOU Gui-lian LIN Ying-cai ZHENG Chun-tian Guangdong key laboratory of animal Breeding and nutrition/Guangdong Public laboratory of animal Breeding and nutrition/key laboratory of animal nutrition and Feed Science (South China) Ministry of Agriculture/State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry BreedingInstitute of Animal ScienceGuangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences

To investigate the effects of a synthetic isoflavone （SI） on meat quality and oxidative stability, 1 500 43-d-old Lingnan yellow male broilers were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments： diets supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg SI kg-1, fed ad libitum for a period of 3 wk. After refrigerated storage, a＊ value of the meat increased with dietary SI supplementation using 10 and 40 mg kg-1 level （P〈0.05）, L＊ value decreased （P〈0.05）, and 40 mg kg-j increased the pH （P〈0.05）. Supplementation with SI, at all levels, increased water holding capacity （P〈0.05） and decreased lactic acid content of meat （P〈0.05）. The concentration of malondialdehyde at 72 h decreased linearly （P=0.005） and quadratically （P=0.004） with increasing levels of SI. Dietary SI at 20 and 40 mg kg-1 levels enhanced total superoxide dismutase activity in meat （P〈0.05）. Meat pH quadratically decreased as the storage time increased （P〈0.05）, with the highest value at 24 h （P〈0.05）. Lactic acid and malondialdehyde concentrations of meat increased over time, with value at 96 h being far higher than at earlier times （P〈0.05）. Supplemental SI linearly and quadratically increased the mRNA abundance ofglutathione peroxidase （GPX）（P=0.001 and P=0.002） and catalase （CAT）（P=0.003 and P=0.006） in breast muscle. The results from this study indicate that dietary supplementation with SI can improve meat quality during refrigerated storage by decreasing lipid peroxidation and enhancing oxidative stability and, for male broilers from 43 to 63 d of age, the optimal level of SI was 40 mg kg-1.

关键词： Lingnan yellow broilers isoflavone meat quality oxidative stability glutathione peroxidase mRNA

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