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Efficiency of Inoculation with Rhizobium in Peanuts(Arachis hypogaea L.)Grown in Brazilian Cerrado Soil

Agricultural Sciences 2019年第7期10卷 948-956页

作者： Salomao Lima Guimaraes Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva Analy Castilho Polizel de Souza Bency G.Simeon department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Institute of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyFederal University of Mato GrossoRondonópolisBrazil

In Brazil, the peanut culture has been expanding mainly in the state of São Paulo, responsible for 80% of the national production. It is an edible culture produces oil of excellent quality, contains proteins rich in amino acids that make up to 36% of weight of the grain. Furthermore, it is associated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. However, the practice of inoculation is not very common in peanuts, being this species considered susceptible to nodularity with a large number of rhizobia. However, known’s that inoculation with selected strains can increase the efficiency of symbiosis and peanut yield. Thus, the present study was proposed to evaluate the development of peanut inoculated with rhizobia and grown in Cerrado’s Oxisol. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, five treatments, one cultivar (IAC 505) and four replicates. The treatments were composed of three strains of rhizobia and two controls, one absolute and the other with nitrogen fertilizer (50 mg⋅N⋅dm3). Each experimental plot has been consisted an 8 dm3 pot with three plants. The inoculation was done, applying 3 mL of bacterial broth (108 mL−1 cells) in the root system of each plant. The SPAD index, number and dry weight of nodules, dry mass of shoots and roots, number and weight of grains were analyzed. The response of Peanuts inoculated was significantly, as all inoculated plants showed similar development to nitrogen-fertilized, emphasizing the potential for supplying nitrogen in peanut development.

关键词： Biological Nitrogen Fixation Nodulation Symbiosis

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Soil Water Availabilities in the Content and Accumulation of Nitrogen and Chlorophyll Index in the Safflower

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第14期6卷 2280-2286页

作者： Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva Ellen Cristina Alves de Anicésio Jakeline Rosa de Oliveira Helon Hébano de Freitas Sousa Tonny José Araújo da Silva department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Federal University of Mato Grosso Rondonópolis Brazil

The safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is adapted to grow in adverse conditions, is tolerant to salinity and water deficit, however, its productivity increases when grown in areas with greater availability of water and in fertilized conditions, showing that the knowledge of crop management can bring income gains for producers. It is known that extreme conditions of soil moisture damage the crop development. Given this context, the objective was to evaluate the influence of water availability on the nutritional characteristics of the safflower. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with five water availabilities (25%, 50%, 75%, 100% and 125% of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil) in four replications. Maintaining soil moisture was performed by gravimetric method with daily weighing of experimental units. The variables analyzed were SPAD reading (chlorophyll content), concentration and accumulation of nitrogen in the shoot and in the sections. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression test at 5% probability by Sisvar program. There was adjusting of variables to linear and quadratic regression models. Water availabilities between 65% and 75% have greater potential to promote better nutrition for safflower plants. Both deficit and excess of water in the soil are detrimental to the absorption of nitrogen and reduce the chlorophyll content. Safflower is less tolerant to excess than to deficit of water.

关键词： Carthamus tinctorius L. Nutrition SPAD Irrigation

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Modeling the Surface Ozone Concentration in Campo Grande (MS)—Brazil Using Neural Networks

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Natural Science 2015年第4期7卷 171-178页

作者： Amaury de Souza Flavio Aristone Ismail Sabbah Institute of Physics—Federal University of South mato grosso Campo Grande Brazil department of Natural Sciences College of Health Sciences the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training Kuwait

The estimation of the surface ozone concentration promotes the creation of data useful for planning the air quality forecast, which is a key element for the management of public health. The aim of this study is to develop an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to estimate the concentration of surface ozone from daily climate data. ANN is an equivalent form of Feedforward Multilayer Perceptron whose data has been inserted from the daily concentration of measured ozone. In the intermediate and output layers activation functions like tan-sigmoid and linear have been used, respectively. The performance of the developed ANN is actually very good and it can be considered like part of the set of indirect methods to estimate the concentration of surface ozone. The proposed model may be used by governmental agencies as a tool to enable the public interventional actions during the period of atmospheric stagnation, when ozone levels in the atmosphere represent risks to the public health.

关键词： Neural Networks Climate Surface Ozone Public health Air Quality

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Bulk Density in Jack Bean’s Development Grown in Cerrado Oxisol

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第9期6卷 1349-1360页

作者： Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva Juliana Terezinha Sasso Paludo Tonny José Araújo da Silva Salomao Lima Guimaraes department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Institute of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyFederal University of Mato GrossoRondonópolisBrazil

The use of cover plants promotes the recycling of nutrients and the increase in organic mass, and minimizes the effects of erosion. The objective was to evaluate the effect of bulk density in the development of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) in Cerrado Oxisol. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal University of mato grosso, Rondonópolis-MT, in the period from June to September 2013. Oxisol was used from a Cerrado reserve area, collected at 0 - 0.20 m depth. The experimental design was completely randomized, corresponding to bulk density levels (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 Mg·m-3), and five replications. The experimental plot consisted of three PVC rings (polyvinyl chloride) with 150 mm internal diameter, 300 mm total height, where the upper and lower rings of pots were filled with 1.0 Mg·m-3 density soil and intermediaries according to bulk density treatments. The results were submitted to variance analysis and, when significant, to regression analysis, both with a 5% probability, using SISVAR software. At 60 days after germination, number of leaves, stem diameter, plant height, dry mass of leaves, stem dry mass, dry mass of roots, dry mass of nodules, number of nodules and chlorophyll index (SPAD index) were evaluated. The increase in bulk density negatively influences the development of jack bean, showing little efficiency as a decompacting plant in Cerrado Oxisol.

关键词： Canavalia ensiformis Bulk Density Cover Crops

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Low temperature,IBA concentrations and optimal time for adventitious rooting of Eucalyptus benthamii mini-cuttings

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Journal of Forestry Research 2012年第4期23卷 583-592页

作者： Gilvano Ebling Brondani Francisco JoséBenedini Baccarin Heron Wilhelmus de Wit Ondas JoséLuiz Stape Antonio Natal Gonçalves Marcilio de Almeida department of Forest Engineering Federal University of Mato Grosso(UFMT)Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa2367ZC 78060-900CuiabáMato GrossoBrazil. department of Forest Sciences "Luiz de Queiroz"College of AgricultureUniversity of S o Paulo(ESALQ/USP)Avenida Pádua Dias11POB 9ZC 13418-900PiracicabaSo PauloBrazil. department of Biological Sciences "Luiz de Queiroz"College of AgricultureUniversity of S o Paulo(ESALQ/USP)Avenida Pádua Dias11POB 9ZC 13418-900PiracicabaSo PauloBrazil. department of Forest and Environmental Sciences North Carolina State UniversityNC 27695USA.

Eucalyptus benthamii is a forest species of economic interest that has difficulty with seed production and also is considered to have difficulty with adventitious rooting using propagation techniques, such as cutting or mini-cutting. We aimed to assess the adventitious rooting percentage under different storage times in low temperatures and at various IBA （indole-3-butyric acid） concentrations to determine the optimal time of permanence for rooting Eucalyptus benthamii minicuttings in a greenhouse. Shoots collected from mini-stumps cultivated in a semi-hydroponic system were used to obtain the mini-cuttings. For the first experiment, the mini-cuttings were stored at 4℃ for 0 （immediate planting）, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h. The second experiment evaluated the rooting dynamic to determine the optimal time of permanence for minicuttings in a greenhouse. The basal region of the mini-cutting was treated with various IBA solutions： 0 （free of IBA）, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 and 4,000 mg.L^-1. Every seven days （0 （immediate planting）, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days）, destructive sampling of the mini-cuttings was performed to evaluate the histology of the adventitious rooting. Eucalyptus benthamii minicuttings should be rooted immediately after the collection of the shoots. The 2,000 mg.L^-1 IBA concentration induced a greater speed and percentage of adventitious rooting, and an interval of 35 to 42 days was indicated for permanence of the mini-cuttings in the greenhouse. Expo- sure to low temperature induced adventitious root formation with diffuse vascular connections.

关键词： rhizogenesis plant cloning mini-cutting technique histological analysis indole-3-butyric acid.

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A Study of Human Thermal Comfort, Ozone and Respiratory Diseases in Children

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2014年第4期4卷 672-678页

作者： Amaury de Souza Flavio Aristone Luciane Fernandes Institute of Physics Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande Brazil

Objective: To assess the impact of air pollution and ozone on morbidity due to respiratory diseases among children from 2005 to 2008. Methods: The database was composed by daily reports on visits by children with respiratory diseases in health units of the Unified health System (SUS) in the municipality of Campo Grande, MS, Brazil, by daily levels of ozone concentration measured by the department of Physics, Federal University of mato grosso do Sul, and by daily measurements of temperature and relative humidity provided by the Agricultural Research Corporation-EMBRAPA Gado de Corte-MS. The relationship between respiratory diseases and ozone concentration was investigated through Generalized Linear Models (GLM) using the multiple Poisson regression model. The significance level α = 5% was adopted for all tests. Results: It was observed that the association between ozone (lagged by three time-steps) and attendance for respiratory diseases in children was statistically significant. The bio-meteorological variable Wind-adjusted Effective Temperature (lagged by four time-steps) was also significantly associated with diseases. Conclusions: The results suggest that the surface ozone concentration promotes adverse effects on children’s health even when pollutant levels are below the amounts permitted by law.

关键词： Air Pollution Adverse Effects Child health (Public health) Respiratory Diseases Temperature Lag

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Soil Water Availability on Growth and Development of Safflower Plants

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第13期6卷 2066-2073页

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a promising culture to be widespread in Brazil. However, the lack of basic knowledge about cultivation techniques, such as water demand by the culture, is still obstacle to the expansion of safflower in that country. The objective was, then, to evaluate the effect of the soil water availability on growth and development of safflower in the Cerrado soil of mato grosso, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design with five water availabilities (25%, 50%, 75%, 100% and 125% of the maximum water holding capacity in the soil) and four replications. Maintenance soil moisture was performed by gravimetric method with daily weighing of experimental units. The variables analyzed were: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of heads, heads diameter, dry mass of shoots, heads, and roots. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression test at 5% probability by SISVAR program. All variables set to the quadratic regression model, showing the best results in the water availability between 64% and 76%. Safflower is shown to be more sensitive to water stress with increased tolerance to water deficit in the soil than to flooding.

关键词： Carthamus tinctorius L. Field Capacity Water Stress IMA 0213

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Correction of Acidity of a Brazilian Cerrado Oxisol with Limestone and Wood Ash on the Initial Growth of Cowpea

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第7期10卷 841-851页

作者： Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva Alisson Silva Costa Jefferson Vieira José André Pereira Freire Ferraz Ana Paula Alves Barreto Damasceno Tonny José Araújo da Silva department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Federal University of Mato Grosso Rondonópolis Brazil

Among Brazilian soils orders, there are some of it classified as acid soils, which need correction to guarantee crop productivity. Currently, limestone is the most used soil corrective and wood ash has been a sustainable alternative to this process. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of two correctives of soil acidity on an Oxisol collected in the Brazilian Cerrado area using limestone and wood ash and the effect of soil correction on initial growth of cowpea. Two greenhouse experiments were carried out: 1) with limestone, using base saturation levels (V%) of 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80;and 2) wood ash, with doses of 0, 8, 16, 24 and 32 g⋅dm−3, both in five randomized blocks. At 40 days after sowing, it was verified that pH values were within the range considered ideal for soil (pH of 5 to 7), according to the increase of base saturation levels and wood ash doses, but limestone provided faster results. Initial growth of cowpea was positively influenced by soil correction with use of both correctives. Wood ash and limestone increased soil pH to adequate values and resulted in better initial crop development.

关键词： Vigna unguiculata Solid Waste Disposal Alternative Soil Corrective Soil pH

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Wood Ash Fertilization on Structural Characteristics and Chlorophyll Index of Tropical Forage Grasses

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第9期6卷 1341-1348页

作者： Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva Claudia Cardoso dos Santos Tonny José Araújo da Silva department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Federal University of Mato Grosso Rondonópolis Brazil

The appropriate nutrient supply via fertilization is essential for an adequate plant growth and development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the structural characteristics and chlorophyll index of Marandu and Xaraes grasses fertilized with wood ash. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse;the experimental design was entirely randomized, with 12 treatments and six replications arranged in a 2 × 6 factorial scheme: two forage grasses (Marandu and Xaraes) and six wood ash doses (0;3;6;9;12;and 15 g·dm-3). Each plot was composed of pots with 7 dm3 soil and five plants. Soil moisture was maintained by the gravimetric method at 60% of the maximum soil water retention capacity. Three harvests of the plant aerial part were performed at 30-day intervals. The evaluated characteristics were plant height, leaf number, tiller number, and chlorophyll index. Results were submitted to the variance analysis by F test and, after verification of the significant effects on Marandu and Xaraes characteristics, were also submitted to Tukey test;the wood ash doses were evaluated according to the regression analysis at 5% probability. Wood ash doses ranging from 10.15 to 15 g·dm-3 resulted in quadratic responses of plant height, leaf number, and tiller number for both Marandu and Xaraes grasses. The highest values of chlorophyll index derived from wood ash doses of 9.44 and 10.92 g·dm-3, with increments greater than 50%, 25%, and 9% at the first, second, and third harvests, respectively. The wood ash, when used as a fertilizer, improves structural characteristics and increases chlorophyll indices of Marandu and Xaraes grasses cultivated in Cerrado Rhodic Hapludox.

关键词： Alternative Fertilizer Brachiaria brizantha Marandu Xaraes

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Relationship between Nutritional Status and Functional Capacity for Older People

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health 2015年第9期7卷 1090-1097页

作者： Luciana Bronzi de Souza Silvia Justina Papini José Eduardo Corrente health and Biological Science Center Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande Brazil Nursing department Botucatu School of Medicine University of Sao Paulo State Botucatu Brazil Biostatistics department Bioscience Institute University of Sao Paulo State UNESP Botucatu Brazil

Functional capacity is the condition of an individual living independently and the lack of it for preparing and eating food, which is a factor that can result in malnutrition and deserves the attention of professionals and his family members. Then, the aim of this work was to evaluate the relationship between nutritional status and functional capacity for older adults using anthropometric measures and questionnaires for activities of daily and instrumental living. It was an epidemiological cross-sectional study using a representative sample of older adults selected from a previous study about quality of life in a Botucatu city, Sao Paulo. Brazil. The sample size was calculated considering 95% of reliability and 5% of error margin, resulting from a total of 365 individuals of both sexes but only 361 of them completed the protocol. Data included sociodemographic and morbidities questionnaires, activities of daily and instrumental living (ADL and IADL) and an-thropometric variables. 62.6% of the older were women, 44.68% were hypertensive, 28.81% were diabetic and 15.51% had hypercholesterolemia. 94.24% and 92.42% of the older were fully independent for ADL and IADL, respectively. Associations between ADL with marital status and schooling were found as well as with IADL. Also, it was found association with IADL and heart disease. Regarding anthropometry most of measures when compared men and women were significant. No significant association was found between nutritional status and ADL. A logistic regression model was fitted considering ADL as a response variable showed BMI as a protection factor and WC as a risk factor for dependence. For IADL, heart disease was a risk factor for dependence. In conclusion, low weight and increased waist circumference have influence in a functional capacity of older adults according to the activities daily living (ADL) and heart disease for IADL.

关键词： Functional Capacity Nutritional Status Older Adults Brazil

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