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Ferulic acid mediates prebiotic responses of cereal-derived arabinoxylans on host health

animal nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 31-38页

作者： Zeyu Zhang Pan Yang Jinbiao Zhao state key laboratory of animal nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Dietary fiber is named as “the 7th nutrient” for humans, which is beneficial to improve intestinal healthand prevent metabolic disease of the host. Mechanisms of dietary fiber administration on improved hosthealth are mediated by short chain fatty acids (SCFA), which are reported to activate G protein-coupledreceptors (GPR) and suppress activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) to down-regulate expression ofnuclear factor-к-gene binding (NF-кB) signaling. Arabinoxylan is fermented by gut microbiota to produceSCFA and improved microbial community composition, intestinal barrier functions and host ***, the latest publications have observed that ferulic acid combined with the arabinose inarabinoxylans from various cereal grains can be released through gut microbial fermentation. Ferulic acidcan improve antioxidase activity and decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration by activatingthe signaling pathway of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 and nuclear factor E2-related factor-2(Keap1-Nrf2). However, the role of ferulic acid in cooperation with SCFA produced from microbialfermentation of cereal-derived arabinoxylan to regulate the intestinal health and host metabolisms, hasbeen widely unclear. This review summarizes the potential mechanisms of ferulic acid from microbialfermentation of cereal-derived arabinoxylans on immunological functions and physiological metabolismsof the host. The evidence presented in the review indicates that dietary supplementation withcereal-derived arabinoxylans improves antioxidant capacity of intestinal epithelial cells due to theproduction of ferulic acid and SCFA from microbial fermentation. Ferulic acid can cooperate with SCFA toregulate intestinal integrity and immunological functions of the host. Peroxisome proliferator activatedreceptorg (PPARg) may play an important role in integrating ferulic acid and SCFA to regulate host healthand metabolism.

关键词： Arabinoxylan Short-chain fatty acid Ferulic acid Gut health Energy metabolism

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Supplementation with galacto-oligosaccharides in early life persistently facilitates the microbial colonization of the rumen and promotes growth of preweaning Holstein dairy calves

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animal nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 223-233页

作者： Meinan Chang Feifei Wang Fengtao Ma Yuhang Jin Peng Sun state key laboratory of animal nutrition Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China

We aimed to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with galacto-oligosaccharides(GOS)on the growth performance,serum parameters,and the rumen microbial colonization and fermentation of pre-weaning dairy *** study comprised 2 phases of 28 and 42 d,*** phase 1,24 newborn female Holstein dairy calves were randomly allocated to consume a diet supplemented with 10 g/d GOS(GOS,n=12)or not(CON,n=12).Thereafter,during phase 2,the GOS group was further divided into 2 groups:one that continued to consume GOS(GOSC,n=6)and one that no longer consumed GOS(GOSS,n=6),alongside the CON ***-oligosaccharides increased the average daily gain(ADG),body weight,feed efficiency,and serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration of dairy calves during phase 1(P<0.05).Supplementation with GOS for the entire study reduced the incidence of diarrhea and increased the serum total protein and Ca concentrations(P<0.05)compared with the CON *** effect of GOS supplementation persisted after it was stopped because the ADG and final body weight of the GOSS group were higher than those of the CON group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the GOSS group showed a persistently lower incidence of diarrhea and greater colonization of the rumen with probiotics,at the expense of less beneficial bacteria,which would promote ruminal fermentation and microbial protein *** findings provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of prebiotics and have important practical implications for the design of early life dietary interventions in dairy calf rearing.

关键词： Galacto-oligosaccharide Dairy calf Growth performance Rumen microbiota

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Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens via reshaping gut microbiota

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 277-294页

作者： Xinyue Yang Depeng Li Meihong Zhang Yuqing Feng Xiaolu Jin Dan Liu Yuming Guo Yongfei Hu state key laboratory of animal nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Background Ginkgo biloba extract(GBE)is evidenced to be effective in the prevention and alleviation of metabolic disorders,including obesity,diabetes and fatty liver ***,the role of GBE in alleviating fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome(FLHS)in laying hens and the underlying mechanisms remain to be ***,we investigated the effects of GBE on relieving FLHS with an emphasis on the modulatory role of GBE in chicken gut *** The results showed that GBE treatment ameliorated biochemical blood indicators in high-fat diet(HFD)-induced FLHS laying hen model by decreasing the levels of TG,TC,ALT and *** lipid accumulation and pathological score of liver were also relieved after GBE ***,GBE treatment enhanced the antioxidant activity of liver and serum by increasing GSH,SOD,T-AOC,GSH-PX and reducing MDA,and downregulated the expression of genes related to lipid synthesis(FAS,LXRα,GPAT1,PPARγand Ch REBP1)and inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-6,TLR4 and NF-κB)in the *** profiling analysis revealed that GBE treatment reshaped the HFD-perturbed gut microbiota,particularly elevated the abundance of Megasphaera in the ***,targeted metabolomic analysis of SCFAs revealed that GBE treatment significantly promoted the production of total SCFAs,acetate and propionate,which were positively correlated with the GBE-enriched gut ***,we confirmed that the GBE-altered gut microbiota was sufficient to alleviate FLHS by fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT).Conclusions We provided evidence that GBE alleviated FLHS in HFD-induced laying hens through reshaping the composition of gut *** findings shed light on mechanism underlying the anti-FLHS efficacy of GBE and lay foundations for future use of GBE as additive to prevent and control FLHS in laying hen industry.

关键词： Antioxidation Fecal microbiota transplantation FLHS Ginkgo biloba extract Inflammation Megasphaera

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Natural capsicum extract replacing chlortetracycline enhances performance via improving digestive enzyme activities,antioxidant capacity,anti-inflammatory function,and gut health in weaned pigs

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animal nutrition 2021年第2期7卷 305-314页

作者： Shenfei Long Sujie Liu Jian Wang Shad Mahfuz Xiangshu Piao state key laboratory of animal nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of natural capsicum extract(NCE,containing 2%natural capsaicin,the rest is carrier)replacing chlortetracycline(CTC)on performance,digestive enzyme activities,antioxidant capacity,inflammatory cytokines,and gut health in weaned pigs.A total of 108 weaned pigs(Duroc×[Landrace×Yorkshire],initial body weight-8.68±1.34 kg;weaned on d 28)were randomly allotted into 3 treatments with 6 replicate pens per treatment(3 barrows and 3 gilts per pen).The treatments include a corn-soybean meal basal diet as a control group(CON),a CTC group(basal diet+CTC at 75 mg/kg),and a NCE group(basal diet--NEC at 80 mg/kg).Compared with CON and CTC,NCE had increased(P<0.05)average daily gain in phase 2(d 15 to 28)and overall(d 1 to 28),and higher(P<0.05)apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy,dry matter,crude protein,and organic matter in phase 1(d 1 to 14).These pigs also had increased(P<0.05)pancrelipase activity in pancreas,α-amylase,lipase and protease activities in the jejunal mucosa,and lipase activity in the ileal mucosa on d ***,NCE had increased(P<0.05)the contents of growth hormone,β-endorphin,5-hydroxytryptamine,total antioxidant capacity,total superoxide dismutase,catalase,and IL-10,as well as decreased(P<0.05)contents of malondialdehyde,tumor nuclear factor-a,interferon-y,and interleukin-6 in serum on d 28 compared with CON and *** showed higher(P<0.05)propionic acid,butyric acid and total volatile fatty acids(VFA)contents,and increased(P<0.05)relative abundance of Faecalibacterium in colon,as well as higher(P<0.05)propionic acid and total volatile fatty acids in cecum on d 28 compared with *** conclusion,NCE replacing CTC could enhance performance via improving digestive enzyme activities,antioxidant capacity,anti-inflammatory function,gut VFA composition and microbiota community in weaned pigs,and it could be used as a potential target for the development of feed additives.

关键词： Antioxidant capacity Chlortetracycline Natural capsicum extract Performance Weaned pig

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Analysis of ethoxyquin and its oxidation products in swine tissues by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for evaluating the feed-toanimal tissue transfer of ethoxyquin and its metabolites

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 806-814页

作者： Chi Zhang Xiangrong Gai Ying Tian Jiayi Wang Dongting He Wenjun Yang Liying Zhang Yiqiang Chen state key laboratory of animal nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Background:Ethoxyquin(EQ)is a common antioxidant which is widely used in animal *** the supplement of EQ in animal feed may lead to the residues of EQ and its major oxidation products:ethoxyquin quinone imine(EQI)and ethoxyquin dimer(EQDM)in animal ***,it would pose potential health hazards to ***,the method for the simultaneous determination of EQ,EQI and EQDM in animal tissues is currently not available,and the accumulation extend of these chemicals in animal tissues after EQ administration remains to be ***:A gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was successfully developed for the simultaneous determination of EQ,EQI and EQDM in swine *** quantitative limits of EQ,EQI and EQDM can achieve to 0.5,5.0 and 5.0μg/kg in swine tissues,*** spiked-recovery ratios of the three analytes(5–2000μg/kg)were in the range of 64.7%–100.7%with relative standard deviations below 11.6%.Moreover,the utilization of this method for the analysis of actual swine tissue samples revealed that the application of commercial EQ additive in swine diet would produce the residues of all the three chemicals(EQ,EQI and EQDM)in fat,kidney,liver and ***:The assay accuracy and precision of this GC-MS/MS method can meet the requirement of quantitative ***,the safety of EQ as a feed additive should be seriously considered with regard to food safety concerns since the oxidation product of EQ may have potential carcinogenicity.

关键词： Ethoxyquin Ethoxyquin dimer Ethoxyquin quinone imine Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Safety evaluation Swine tissues

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Use of 25-hydroxyvitamin D_(3) in diets for sows:A review

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animal nutrition 2021年第3期7卷 728-736页

作者： Lianhua Zhang Xiangshu Piao state key laboratory of animal nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Dietary supplementation with 25-hydroxyvitamin D_(3)(25OHD_(3)),as an alternative source of vitamin D,is becoming increasingly popular due to its commercialization and more efficient *** addition of 25OHD_(3)rather than its precursor vitamin D_(3)can circumvent the 25-hydroxylation reaction in the liver,indicating that supplementation of 25OHD_(3)can rapidly improve the circulating vitamin D status of *** experiments have reported that maternal 25OHD_(3)supplementation could increase sow performances and birth outcomes and promote circulating vitamin D status of sows and their *** milk fat content was observed in many experiments;however,others demonstrated that adding 25OHD_(3)to lactating sow diets increased the contents of milk protein and *** an inconsistency between the results of different experiments exists,these studies suggested that maternal 25OHD_(3)supplementation could alter milk composition via its effects on the mammary *** studies have demonstrated that adding 25OHD_(3)to sow diets could improve the mRNA expressions of insulin-induced gene 1(INSIG1)and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1(SREBP1)in the mammary gland cells from milk and increase the mRNA expressions of acetyl-CoA carboxylaseα(ACCα)and fatty acid synthase(FAS)in the mammary gland *** 25OHD_(3)supplementation promotes skeletal muscle development of piglets before and after parturition,and improves bone properties including bone density and bone breaking force in lactating sows and their ***,25OHD_(3)supplementation in sow diets could improve neonatal bone development via regulation of milk fatty acid composition related to bone metabolism and *** this review,we also discuss the effects of adding 25OHD_(3)to sow diets on the gut bacterial metabolites of suckling piglets,and propose that butyrate production may be associated with bone ***,to better understand

关键词： 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Milk composition Skeletal muscle Bone quality Bacterial metabolite

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Plasma metabolic profiling reveals that chromium yeast alleviates the negative effects of heat stress in mid-lactation dairy cows

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animal nutrition 2023年第2期13卷 401-410页

作者： Yeqianli Wo Fengtao Ma Qiang Shan Duo Gao Yuhang Jin Peng Sun state key laboratory of animal nutrition Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China

Chromium yeast(CY)supplementation has the potential to alleviate the negative effects of heat stress in dairy cows,but the mechanism remains *** aimed to identify the metabolic mechanisms whereby CY supplementation alleviates the negative effects of heat stress in mid-lactation dairy *** Holstein dairy cows with similar milk yield(24.6±1.5 kg/d),parity(2 or 3)and days in milk(125±8 d)were fed the same basal diet containing 0.09 mg of Cr/kg *** were allocated randomly to 2 groups:a control group(CON,without CY supplementation)and a CY group(CY,administered 0.36 mg Cr/kg DM).The experiment was performed over 8 weeks during a hot summer,in which the mean temperature-humidity index was 79.0±3.13(>72),indicating that the dairy cows were exposed to heat *** yeast supplementation reduced rectal temperature(P=0.032),and increased the lactation performance by increasing the yield of milk(+2.6 kg/d),protein,lactose and total solid,and protein and lactose percentages in the milk of the heat-stressed dairy cows(P1.0,P<0.05),and found to be involved in 6 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways,including those involved in nicotinate and nicotinamide ***,plasma concentration of nicotinamide was higher after CY supplementation,which might also contribute to the reduction of rectal temperature,the regulation of glucose homeostasis,and an improvement in the lactation performance of heat-stressed dairy *** conclusion,CY supplementation reduces re

关键词： Chromium yeast Heat stress Metabolomics Nicotinamide Dairy cow

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Gama-aminobutyric acid(GABA)alleviates hepatic inflammation via GABA receptors/TLR4/NF-kB pathways in growing-finishing pigs generated by super-multiparous sows

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animal nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 280-290页

作者： Shumin Zhang Jinbiao Zhao Jinhua Hu Hengxun He Yihan Wei Linbao Ji Xi Ma state key laboratory of animal nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

The offspring of super-multiparous sows face problems such as decreased growth performance,poor meat quality and even diseases in animal ***-aminobutyric acid(GABA)has long been known to promote growth and suppress inflammation,but little is known about the mechanisms.A total of 72 growing-finishing pigs from the 8th generation were randomly allotted to 2 groups with 6 replicates per treatment to receive a cornesoybean basal diet or the basal diet supplemented 20 mg/kg GABA for 60 *** the animal-trial period,samples of serum and liver were collected for further ***,a lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammatory model using HepG2 cells was established to explore the role of GABA on regulating hepatic *** results indicated that inflammatory cell infiltration occurs in the liver of progeny of super-multiparous sows,and dietary supplementation with GABA influenced liver morphology,increased activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreased the expression abundance of pro-inflammatory cytokines,including tumor necrosis factor-α(TNFα)and interleukin(IL)-1β,in the liver of growing-finishing pigs(P<0.05).In addition,GABA supplementation increased mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g(PPARg)and GABA receptors(GABARs),and reduced the expression of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor-kB(NF-kB)signaling(P<0.05).Additionally,an in vitro experiment demonstrated that GABA decreased the expressions of hepatic TLR4/NF-kB signaling via activating GABARs under LPS-stress(P<0.05).In summary,liver injury may affect the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs by changing hepatic mitochondrial metabolism,the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and TLR4/NF-kB pathway and that GABA supplementation has a restorative effect by acting on GABARs.

关键词： Gama-aminobutyric acid Growing-finishing pig Liver inflammation Lipopolysaccharide NF-kB

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Effects of dietary inclusion with rapeseed cake containing high glucosinolates on nitrogen metabolism and urine nitrous oxide emissions in steers

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animal nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 204-215页

作者： Jian Gao Bingbing Cheng Yanfeng Sun Yuchao Zhao Guangyong Zhao state key laboratory of animal nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Two consecutive trials were conducted to investigate the effects of glucosinolates(GLS)in rapeseed cake(RSC)on nitrogen(N)metabolism and urine nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions in *** trial 1,8 steers and 4 levels of RSC,i.e.0,2.7%,5.4%and 8.0%dry matter(DM)(0,6.0,12.1,18.1 mmol GLS/g DM)were allocated in a replicated 4×4 Latin *** trial 2,the static incubation technique was used for measuring the N_(2)O emissions of the urine samples collected from trial *** results of trial 1 indicated that dietary inclusion of RSC decreased the digested N and increased the fecal N excretion(P0.10).Dietary inclusion of RSC decreased the urinary excretion of urea while it increased allantoin,total purine derivatives,the predicted rumen microbial N flow and thiocyanate(SCN)(P<0.05).Dietary inclusion of RSC did not affect the plasma triiodothyronine and thyroxine while it down-regulated the plasma relative concentrations of 4-aminohippuric acid,3a,7a-dihydroxycoprostanic acid,phosphatidylserine(14:0/16:0),6b-hydroxyprogesterone,pyrrhoxanthinol,tatridin B,mandelonitrile rutinoside,taraxacoside(P<0.05),and up-regulated hypoglycin B,neuromedin N(1-4),dhurrin,5-deoxykievitone(P<0.01).The results of trial 2 indicated that dietary RSC increased the steer urine N_(2)OeN fluxes,the ratio of N_(2)OeN to N application and the estimated steer urine N_(2)OeN emissions(P<0.01).A close correlation was found between the estimated steer urine N_(2)OeN emissions and the output of urinary SCN(P<0.001).In conclusion,dietary RSC increased the fecal N excretion,whereas it did not affect the urinary N excretion and the N retention rate in *** RSC increased rather than decreased the urine N_(2)OeN emissions even though it decreased the urinary excretion of *** SCN excreted in urine could be the major factor in increasing the urine N_(2)OeN *** other metabolites excreted into

关键词： Cattle Glucosinolates Nitrogen metabolism Nitrous oxide Rapeseed cake

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Arginine promotes myogenic differentiation and myotube formation through the elevation of cytoplasmic calcium concentration

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animal nutrition 2021年第4期7卷 1115-1123页

作者： Lu Gong Xin Zhang Kai Qiu Linjuan He Yubo Wang Jingdong Yin state key laboratory of animal nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China

This study aimed to explore the mechanism underlying arginine-promoted myogenesis of myoblasts.C2C12 cells were cultured with a medium containing 0.1,0.4,0.8,or 1.2 mmol/L arginine,*** proliferation,viability,differentiation indexes,cytoplasmic Ca^(2+)concentration,and relative mRNA expression levels of myogenic regulatory factors(MRF)and key Ca2+channels were measured in the absence or presence of 2 chemical inhibitors,dantrolene(DAN,10μmol/L)and nisoldipine(NIS,10μmol/L),*** demonstrated that arginine promoted myogenic differentiation and myotube *** with the control(0.4 mmol/L arginine),1.2 mmol/L arginine upregulated the relative mRNA expression levels of myogenin(MyoG)and Myomaker at d 2 during myogenic induction(P<0.05).Cytoplasmic Ca^(2+)concentrations were significantly elevated by arginine supplementation at d 2 and 4(P<0.05).Relative mRNA expression levels of Ca^(2+)channels including the type 1 ryanodine recepto r(RyR1)and voltage-gated Ca^(2+)channel(Cav1.1)were upregulated by 1.2 mmol/L arginine during2-d myogenic induction(P<0.01).However,arginine-promoted myogenic potential of myoblasts was remarkably compromised by DAN and NIS,respectively(P<0.05).These findings evidenced that the supplementation of arginine promoted myogenic differentiation and myotube formation through increasing cytoplasmic Ca^(2+)concentration from both extracellular and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca^(2+).

关键词： Arginine Myogenic differentiation Cytoplasmic calcium concentration Myoblasts Myotube formation

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