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Co-incorporation of Chinese milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus L.)and chemical fertilizers alters microbial functional genes supporting short-time scale positive nitrogen priming effects in paddy soils

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 567-576页

作者： Limin WANG Chunmei HE Dongfeng HUANG Juhua YU Cailing LIU Qinghua LI Yibin HUANG Juan LI Fei WANG Institute of Resources Environment and Soil FertilizerSoil and Fertilizer InstituteFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhou 350012(China) School of Resources and Environment Engineering Anhui UniversityHefei 230601(China)

Nitrogen(N)priming is a microbially mediated biochemical process as affected by different incorporation ***,little information is known about the microbial mechanisms driving the response of N priming to co-operation of Chinese milk vetch(CMV,Astragalus sinicus L.)and different rates of chemical fertilizers in paddy soils in South ***,an anaerobic incubation experiment was conducted to study N priming effects(PE)and their relationships with soil microbial functional genes after CMV incorporation alone(M),co-incorporation of CMV with 100%(normal dosage)chemical fertilizers(MC100),and co-incorporation of CMV with 80% chemical fertilizers(MC80).Co-incorporation of CMV and chemical fertilizers enhanced the short-time scale(the first 20 d of incubation)positive PE of N,while no significant differences existed among the three treatments on day 60 or 90 of incubation(P>0.05).Compared with the M treatment,gross priming effect(GPE)in the MC100 and MC80 treatments significantly increased by 34.0% and 31.3%,respectively,and net priming effect(NPE)increased by 47.7% and 47.8%,respectively,during the first 20 d of incubation(Psoil nutrient availability and added substrate *** MC100 and MC80 treatments increased the gdhA gene abundance by 5.0% and 9.8%,increased the gdh2 gene abundance by 12.7% and 45.7%,and increased the nasB gene abundance by 9.5% and 41.4%,respectively,in comparison with the M treatment on day 20 of *** analyses indicated that soil microbial functional genes involved in N mineralization(gdhA and gdh2),assimilatory nitrate reduction(nasB),and nitrification(amoB)were significantly correlated with N priming under different incorporation practices during the incubation period(Psoil microbial community functional gene structure,which may accelerate mineralization and assimilatory nitrate reduction and inhibit

关键词： green manure gross priming effect incorporation practice microbial mechanism net priming effect rice field soil

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Promotion effects of salt-alkali on ammonia volatilization in a coastal soil

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 191-199页

作者： Zhenqi SHI Dongli SHE Yongchun PAN Yongqiu XIA College of Agricultural Science and Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural soil-Water Efficient Utilization Carbon Sequestration and Emission ReductionNanjing 210098China Key Laboratory of soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Coastal ecosystems are highly susceptible to salt-related problems due to their formation process and geographical location. As such ecosystems are the most accessible land resources on Earth, clarifying and quantifying the effects of salt-alkali conditions on N concentration and ammonia(NH_(3)) volatilization are pivotal for promoting coastal agricultural productivity. The challenge in establishing this effect is to determine how salt-alkali conditions impact NH_(3) volatilization through direct or indirect interactions. An incubation experiment using a coastal soil from a paddy farmland, combined with the structural equation modeling(SEM) method, was conducted to reveal the net effects of salt-alkali on NH_(3) volatilization and the role of environmental and microbial factors in mutual interaction networks. The specific experimental design consisted of four salt treatments(S1, S2, S3, and S4: 1‰, 3‰, 8‰, and 15‰ NaCl by mass of soil, respectively), four alkaline treatments(A1, A2, A3, and A4: 0.5‰, 1‰, 3‰, and 8‰ NaHCO_(3)by mass of soil, respectively) and a control without NaCl or NaHCO_(3) addition(CK), and each treatment had three urea concentrations(N1, N2, and N3: 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 g N kg^(-1) soil,respectively) and three replicates. At the N1, N2, and N3 levels, NH_(3)volatilization increased by 9.31%–34.98%, 3.07%–26.92%, and 2.99%–43.61% as the NaCl concentration increased from 1‰ to 15‰, respectively, compared with CK. With an increase in the NaHCO_(3)concentration from 0.5‰ to 8‰, NH_(3) volatilization increased by 8.36%–56.46%, 5.49%–30.10%, and 30.72%–73.18% at the N1, N2, and N3 levels, respectively, compared with CK. According to the SEM method, salinity and alkalinity had positive direct effects on NH_(3)volatilization, with standardized path coefficients of 0.40 and 0.19, *** the total effects(net positive and negative effects) in the SEM results, alkalinity had a greater influence than salinity(total standardized coefficien

关键词： alkalinity coastal ecosystem NH_(3)emission N-transforming microbe salinity structural equation modeling

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Real-time arrival picking of rock microfracture signals based on convolutional-recurrent neural network and its engineering application

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第3期16卷 761-777页

作者： Bing-Rui Chen Xu Wang Xinhao Zhu Qing Wang Houlin Xie State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

Accurately picking P-and S-wave arrivals of microseismic(MS)signals in real-time directly influences the early warning of rock mass failure.A common contradiction between accuracy and computation exists in the current arrival picking ***,a real-time arrival picking method of MS signals is constructed based on a convolutional-recurrent neural network(CRNN).This method fully utilizes the advantages of convolutional layers and gated recurrent units(GRU)in extracting short-and long-term features,in order to create a precise and lightweight arrival picking ***,the synthetic signals with field noises are used to evaluate the hyperparameters of the CRNN model and obtain an optimal CRNN *** actual operation on various devices indicates that compared with the U-net method,the CRNN method achieves faster arrival picking with less performance *** application of large underground caverns in the Yebatan hydropower station(YBT)project shows that compared with the short-term average/long-term average(STA/LTA),Akaike information criterion(AIC)and U-net methods,the CRNN method has the highest accuracy within four sampling points,which is 87.44%for P-wave and 91.29%for S-wave,*** sum of mean absolute errors(MAESUM)of the CRNN method is 4.22 sampling points,which is lower than that of the other *** the four methods,the MS sources location calculated based on the CRNN method shows the best consistency with the actual failure,which occurs at the junction of the shaft and the second ***,the proposed method can pick up P-and S-arrival accurately and rapidly,providing a reference for rock failure analysis and evaluation in engineering applications.

关键词： Rock mass failure Microseismic event P-wave arrival S-wave arrival Deep learning

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Land use effects on the dynamics of soil C,N and microbes in the water-wind erosion crisscross region of the northern Loess Plateau,China

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 181-190页

作者： Yi WANG Chunyue LI Shunjin HU State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi'an 710061China State Key Laboratory of soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China School of Geography and Tourism Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 710119China Department of Entomology&Plant Pathology North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh 27695USA

The water-wind erosion crisscross region of the northern Loess Plateau in China is under constant pressure from severe erosion due to its windy and dry climate and intensive human activities. Identifying sustainable land use patterns is key to maintaining ecosystem sustainability in the area. Our aim was to appraise the impacts of different land use regimes on the dynamics of soil total organic C(TOC), total N(TN), and microbes in a typical watershed in the northern Loess Plateau to identify suitable land use types that can maintain soil fertility and sustainability. A field experiment was performed in Liudaogou watershed in Shenmu City, Shaanxi Province, China, where the dynamics of soil TOC and TN, microbial biomass C and N, microbial respiration, and net N mineralization in six typical land use types, dam land, rainfed slope land, deciduous broadleaf forest, evergreen coniferous forest, shrubland, and grassland,were measured in three different growing seasons. Land use type and season significantly affected TOC, TN, and the dynamics of microbial biomass and activity. As the most anthropogenically disturbed land use pattern, dam land was an optimal land use pattern for TOC sequestration due to its higher TOC and TN, but lower microbial activity. soil TOC, TN, and microbial properties demonstrated a decreasing trend after natural grassland was converted to shrubland,forest, and rainfed slope land. Shrubland with exotic N-fixing Korshinsk peashrub(Caragana korshinskii Kom.) can maintain TOC, TN, and microbial properties similar to those in grassland. soil TOC, NH_(4+)^(-)N, TN, moisture, and extractable C were the principal indexes for soil microbial biomass and activity and explained 88.90% of the total variance. Thus, grassland was the optimal land use pattern in the water-wind erosion crisscross region of the northern Loess Plateau to maintain ecosystem stability and sustainability.

关键词： grassland microbial activity microbial biomass total organic C total N watershed

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DMPP mitigates N_(2)O and NO productions by inhibiting ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in an intensified vegetable field under different temperature and moisture regimes

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 652-663页

作者： Xi ZHANG Xintong XU Chenyuan WANG Qianqian ZHANG Yubing DONG Zhengqin XIONG Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095(China) Department of soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems Department of Agricultural Soil ScienceGeorg-August University of GottingenGottingen 37077(Germany) State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300(China) Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesHuai’an 223001(China)

Vegetable soils with high nitrogen input are major sources of nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)and nitric oxide(NO),and incorporation of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate(DMPP)into soils has been documented to effectively reduce ***,the efficiency of DMPP in terms of soil N_(2)O and NO mitigations varies greatly depending on soil temperature and moisture ***,further evaluations of DMPP efficiency in diverse environments are required to encourage widespread application.A laboratory incubation study(28 d)was established to investigate the interactive effects of DMPP,temperature(15,25,and 35?C),and soil moisture(55% and 80% of water-holding capacity(WHC))on net nitrification rate,N_(2)O and NO productions,and gene abundances of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in an intensive vegetable *** showed that incubating soil with 1%DMPP led to partial inhibition of the net nitrification rate and N_(2)O and NO productions,and the reduction percentage of N_(2)O production was higher than that of NO production(69.3%vs.38.2%)regardless of temperature and soil moisture *** increased temperatures promoted the net nitrification rate but decreased soil N_(2)O and NO *** moisture influenced NO production more than N_(2)O production,decreasing with the increased moisture level(80%).The inhibitory effect of DMPP on cumulative N_(2)O and NO productions decreased with increased temperatures at 55%***,the inhibitory effect of DMPP on cumulative N_(2)O production increased with increased temperatures at 80%*** on the correlation analyses and automatic linear modeling,the mitigation of both N_(2)O and NO productions from the soil induced by DMPP was attributed to the decreases in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)amoA gene abundance and NO_(2)^(-)-N ***,our study indicated that DMPP reduced both N_(2)O and NO productions by regulating the associated AOB amoA gene abundance and NO_(2)^(-)-N concentra

关键词： 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate environment condition gene abundance nitrification inhibitor nitrite accumulation soil water content

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Estimating the optimal vegetation coverage for the dominant tree and shrub species over China's northwest drylands

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1500-1517页

作者： Zhongdian ZHANG Xiaoxu JIA Ping ZHU Mingbin HUANG Lidong REN Ming’an SHAO School of Geographic Sciences Xinyang Normal UniversityXinyang 464000China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Yellow River Delta Modern Agricultural Engineering Laboratory Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

Anthropogenic revegetation is an effective way to control soil erosion and restore degraded ecosystems in China's northwest drylands(NWD).However,excessive vegetation cover expansion has long been known to increase evapotranspiration,leading to reduced local water availability,which can in turn threaten the health and services of restored *** the optimal vegetation coverage(OVC)is critical for balancing the trade-off between plant growth and water consumption in water-stressed areas,yet quantitative assessments over the entire NWD are still *** this study,a modified Biome BioGeochemical Cycles(Biome-BGC)model was used to simulate the long-term(1961–2020)dynamics of actual evapotranspiration(ET_(a)),net primary productivity(NPP),and leaf area index(LAI)for the dominant non-native tree(*** and ***)and shrub(*** and ***)species at 246 meteorological sites over *** modified model incorporated the Richards equation to simulate transient unsaturated water flow in a multilayer soil module,and both soil and eco-physiological parameters required by the model were validated using field-observed ETadata for each *** distributions of OVC(given by the mean maximum LAI,LAI_(max))for the dominant species were determined within three hydrogeomorphic sub-areas(i.e.,the loess hilly-gully sub-area,the windy and sandy sub-area,and the desert sub-area).The modified Biome-BGC model performed well in terms of simulating ET_(a) dynamics for the four plant *** distributions of mean ET_a,NPP,and LAI_(max)generally exhibited patterns similar to mean annual precipitation(MAP).In the loess hilly-gully sub-area(MAP:210 to 710 mm),the OVC respectively ranged from 1.7 to 2.9 and 0.8 to 2.9 for *** and *** the windy and sandy sub-area(MAP:135 to 500 mm),the OVC ranged from 0.3 to 3.3,0.5 to 2.6 and 0.6 to 2.1for ***,*** and ***,*** the desert sub-

关键词： Optimal vegetation coverage Water balance Leaf area index Biome-BGC model Dryland

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Effects of drip and flood irrigation on carbon dioxide exchange and crop growth in the maize ecosystem in the Hetao Irrigation District,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第2期16卷 282-297页

作者： LI Chaoqun HAN Wenting PENG Manman College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Heze UniversityHeze 274015China College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Institute of soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

Drip irrigation and flood irrigation are major irrigation methods for maize crops in the Hetao Irrigation District,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,*** research delves into the effects of these irrigation methods on carbon dioxide(CO_(2))exchange and crop growth in this *** experimental site was divided into drip and flood irrigation *** irrigation schedules of this study aligned with the local commonly used irrigation *** employed a developed chamber system to measure the diurnal CO_(2)exchange of maize plants during various growth stages under both drip and flood irrigation *** May to September in 2020 and 2021,two sets of repeated experiments were *** each experiment,a total of nine measurements of CO_(2)exchange were performed to obtain carbon exchange data at different growth stages of maize *** each CO_(2)exchange measurement event,CO_(2)flux data were collected every two hours over a day-long period to capture the diurnal variations in CO_(2)*** each CO_(2)exchange measurement event,the biological parameters(aboveground biomass and crop growth rate)of maize and environmental parameters(including air humidity,air temperature,precipitation,soil water content,and photosynthetically active radiation)were *** results indicated a V-shaped trend in net ecosystem CO_(2)exchange in daytime,reducing slowly at night,while the net assimilation rate(net primary productivity)exhibited a contrasting ***,compared with flood irrigation,drip irrigation demonstrated significantly higher average daily soil CO_(2)emission and greater average daily CO_(2)absorption by maize ***,within the maize ecosystem,drip irrigation appeared more conducive to absorbing atmospheric CO_(2).Furthermore,drip irrigation demonstrated a faster crop growth rate and increased aboveground biomass compared with flood irrigation.A strong linear relationship existed between leaf area index and light utiliza

关键词： carbon dioxide exchange maize growth drip irrigation harvest index net primary productivity Hetao Irrigation District

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A method to refine crude cottonseed oil using non-toxic polyamine-based cationic polymers

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2015年第2期23卷 379-383页

作者：林海琳 Tom C.Wedegaertner 毛小云景旭东 Aicardo Roa-Espinosa Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Technology Cottonseed Research & Marketing Agricultural Research College of Resources and Environment South China Agricultural University soil net llc Belleville Biological Systems Engineering Department University of Wisconsin-Madison

The traditional method to refine crude cottonseed oil is time-consuming and *** study evaluates the effectiveness of coagulation–flocculation–sedimentation process using quaternary polyamine-based polymers in refining crude cottonseed *** by four commercial polyamine-based cationic polymers(SL2700,SL3000,SL4500 and SL5000)with varied molecular weight(MW)and charge density(CD)and followed by coagulation with sodium hydroxide,crude cottonseed oil can be effectively *** fatty acids,gossypol,pigments and trace elements are all effectively and sufficiently removed by the four polymers in a MW-and CDdependent *** results suggest that the use of polyamine-based cationic polymers may offer an effective and feasible alternative to the traditional method for crude cottonseed oil refining.

关键词： Granulation Precipitation Purification Cotton seed oil Polymer Gossypol

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Appropriate supply of irrigation and nitrogen produced higher yields of cherry tomatoes

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第2期17卷 149-158页

作者： Zelin Cai Mengchi Zhang Jiarui Xie Tingting Kong Yuxuan Zhang Zhihao He Zhi Zhang College of Horticulture Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest Ministry of Agriculture/Shaanxi Province Facility Agriculture Engineering CenterYangling 712100ShaanxiChina Key Laboratory for Agricultural soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area of Ministry of Education Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina

Accurate irrigation and nitrogen application are essential for promoting the growth and yield of cherry *** investigating the effects of irrigation and nitrogen on the growth,photosynthesis,and yield of cherry tomatoes,nine treatments including three levels of both irrigation and nitrogen were conducted over two growing *** stem diameter and horizontal stem diameter had the best performance at the irrigation level of 75%evaporation(E_(p)),although their responses to nitrogen were different for the two *** height increased with the increase of irrigation and *** dry matter(PDM)was significantly affected by irrigation and nitrogen *** lowest PDM was found in the highest proportion of root dry matter,which occurred under low nitrogen *** net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and transpiration rate enhanced with the increase of *** nitrogen showed promotion effect on all photosynthetic parameters in both growing *** of all fourteen indicators showed significant correlations with ***,single plant fruit number and PDM in 2018 Fall had significant positive direct effects on yield with the path coefficients of 0.648 and 1.159,while the significant direct path coefficients were 0.362 and 0.294 in Fruit dry matter and Pn for 2019 Spring,*** on the comprehensive evaluation of growth and yield by TOPSIS,the irrigation level of 75%E_(p) combined with medium nitrogen application produced higher yields by promoting the growth and photosynthesis of cherry *** provides a strategy for water and nitrogen management of cherry tomatoes in Northwest China.

关键词： cherry tomatoes yield growth irrigation nitrogen path analysis

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Identification of banana leaf disease based on KVA and GR-ARnet

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第10期 3554-3575页

作者： Jinsheng Deng Weiqi Huang Guoxiong Zhou Yahui Hu Liujun Li Yanfeng Wang College of Electronic Information and Physics Central South University of Forestry and Technology Plant Protection Research Institute Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Department of soil and Water Systems College of Agricultural & Life Sciences University of Idaho College of Systems Engineering National University of Defense Technology

Banana is a significant crop, and three banana leaf diseases, including Sigatoka, Cordana and Pestalotiopsis, have the potential to have a serious impact on banana production. Existing studies are insufficient to provide a reliable method for accurately identifying banana leaf diseases. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel method to identify banana leaf diseases. First, a new algorithm called K-scale VisuShrink algorithm(KVA) is proposed to denoise banana leaf images. The proposed algorithm introduces a new decomposition scale K based on the semi-soft and middle course thresholds, the ideal threshold solution is obtained and substituted with the newly established threshold function to obtain a less noisy banana leaf image. Then, this paper proposes a novel network for image identification called Ghost ResNeSt-Attention RReLU-Swish net(GR-ARnet) based on Resnet50. In this, the Ghost Module is implemented to improve the network's effectiveness in extracting deep feature information on banana leaf diseases and the identification speed; the ResNeSt Module adjusts the weight of each channel, increasing the ability of banana disease feature extraction and effectively reducing the error rate of similar disease identification;the model's computational speed is increased using the hybrid activation function of RReLU and Swish. Our model achieves an average accuracy of 96.98% and a precision of 89.31% applied to 13,021 images, demonstrating that the proposed method can effectively identify banana leaf diseases.

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