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Prevalence of and risk factors for eclampsia in pregnant women in India

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Family medicine and Community Health 2017年第4期5卷 225-244页

作者： Sutapa Agrawal Gagandeep K.Walia Eleonora Staines-Urias Juan P.Casas Christopher Millett Public Health Foundation of India GurgaonNew Delhi NCRIndia Department of epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK Institute of Cardiovascular Science University College LondonLondonUK school of Public Health Imperial CollegeLondonUK

Objective:Eclampsia is a potentially fatal disorder in pregnant women and remains an im-portant cause of maternal and perinatal child morbidity and death *** aimed to assess the prevalence of and risk factors for convulsions(not occurring from fever)during pregnancy in Indian *** is a key symptom suggestive of ***:Cross-sectional data from India’s third National Family Health Survey,conducted during 2005-2006 were ***-reported information on convulsions during pregnancy was obtained from 39,657 women aged 15-49 years who had a live birth in the 5 years preceding the *** logistic regression analysis was used to explore risk factors for convulsion in ***:Overall,1 in 10 women reported having convulsions in their most recent *** prevalence was significantly higher in women living in rural areas compared with those liv-ing in urban areas(11.3% vs.7.4%;Psocial group(OR 1.40;95% CI 1.25-1.58),and in women residing in central India(OR 1.51;95% CI 1.31-1.74)or eastern India(OR 1.33;95% CI 1.14-1.54)with reference to their ***:Our findings from a large population-based nationally representative sample of Indian women indicate a high prevalence of convulsions,a symptom suggestive of eclampsia,and its association with several maternal,lifestyle risk factors and sociodemographic characteristics.

关键词： Convulsions eclampsia risk factors women Indian

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Cancer Communications 2019年第1期39卷 253-257页

作者： Shing Fung Lee Miguel Angel Luque-Fernandez Department of Clinical Oncology Tuen Mun HospitalNew Territories West ClusterHong KongP.R.China Department of Non-Communicable Disease and Cancer epidemiology Biomedical Research Institute of GranadaUniversity of Granada18002 GranadaSpain Department of Non-CommunicableDisease and epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondon WC1E 6HWUK Department of epidemiology Harvard School of Public HealthBostonMA 02115USA

Dear editor,Biological periodicities occur based on a periodicity in a spectrum of frequencies ranging from milliseconds to years.A circadian rhythm is any biological process that displays an endogenous oscillation of about 24 h[1].Cir-cadian rhythm is the adaption of our bodies’biological processes to the day and night *** biological clock is reset daily to synchronize with the exposure to sunlight because our internal clock repeats at around 24 h[1].Because of the use of artificial light,our internal clock is influenced by multiple factors,including social interac-tions[1].

关键词： oscillation spectrum editor

Tuberculosis infection prevention and control:why we need a whole systems approach

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第3期9卷 97-100页

作者： Karina Kielmann Aaron S.Karat Gimenne Zwama Christopher Colvin Alison Swartz Anna S.Voce Tom A.Yates Hayley MacGregor Nicky McCreesh Idriss Kallon Anna Vassall Indira Govender Janet Seeley Alison D.Grant The Institute for Global Health and Development Queen Margaret UniversityEdinburgh EH216UUUK TB Centre London School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineLondonUK Division of social and Behavioural Sciences Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa Discipline Public Health medicine School of Nursing and Public HealthUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa Department of Infectious Disease Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK The Institute of Development Studies University of SussexBrightonUK Department of Global Health and Development Faculty of Public Health and PolicyLondon School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineLondonUK Africa Health Research Institute School of Nursing and Public HealthUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa school of Public Health Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa

Infection prevention and control(IPC)measures to reduce transmission of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive tuberculosis(TB)in health facilities are well described but poorly *** implementation of TB IPC has been assessed primarily through quantitative and structured approaches that treat administrative,environmental,and personal protective measures as discrete *** present an on-going project entitled Umoya omuhle(“good air”),conducted in two provinces of South Africa,that adopts an interdisciplinary,‘whole systems’approach to problem analysis and intervention development for reducing nosocomial transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)through improved *** suggest that TB IPC represents a complex intervention that is delivered within a dynamic context shaped by policy guidelines,health facility space,infrastructure,organisation of care,and management *** drawn from epidemiology,anthropology,and health policy and systems research enable rich contextual analysis of how nosocomial Mtb transmission occurs,as well as opportunities to address the problem holistically.A‘whole systems’approach can identify leverage points within the health facility infrastructure and organisation of care that can inform the design of interventions to reduce the risk of nosocomial Mtb transmission.

关键词： Drug-resistant tuberculosis Infection prevention and control Health system South Africa

Modelling the test, trace and quarantine strategy to control the COVID-19 epidemic in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 46-55页

作者： Marcos Amaku Dimas Tadeu Covas Francisco Antonio Bezerra Coutinho Raymundo Soares Azevedo Neto Claudio Struchiner Annelies Wilder-Smith Eduardo Massad school of medicine University of Sao Paulo and LIM01-HCFMUSPSao PauloBrazil Instituto Butantan Sao PauloBrazil school of Applied Mathematics Fundacao Getulio VargasRio de JaneiroBrazil school of Veterinary medicine University of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Department Public Health and Clinical Heidelberg Institute of Global HealthUniversity of HeidelbergGermany medicine Epidemiology and Global HealthUmeåUniversitySE-90185UmeåSweden Department of Disease Control London School of Hygiene and TropicalMedicineUK

Testing for detecting the infection by SARS-CoV-2 is the bridge between the lockdown and the opening of *** this paper we modelled and simulated a test-trace-andquarantine strategy to control the COVID-19 outbreak in the State of São Paulo,*** State of São Paulo failed to adopt an effective social distancing strategy,reaching at most 59%in late March and started to relax the measures in late June,dropping to 41%in 08 ***,São Paulo relies heavily on a massive testing strategy in the attempt to control the *** alternative strategies combined with economic evaluations were *** strategy included indiscriminately testing the entire population of the State,reaching more than 40 million people at a maximum cost of 2.25 billion USD,that would reduce the total number of cases by the end of 2020 by 90%.The second strategy investigated testing only symptomatic cases and their immediate contacts e this strategy reached a maximum cost of 150 million USD but also reduced the number of cases by 90%.The conclusion is that if the State of São Paulo had decided to adopt the simulated strategy on April the 1st,it would have been possible to reduce the total number of cases by 90%at a cost of 2.25 billion US dollars for the indiscriminate strategy but at a much smaller cost of 125 million US dollars for the selective testing of symptomatic cases and their contacts.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Testing Cost-analysis Modelling

The half-degree matters for heat-related health impacts under the 1.5℃ and 2℃ warming scenarios: Evidence from ambulance data in Shenzhen, China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2021年第5期12卷 628-637页

作者： HE Yi-Ling DENG Shi-Zhou HO Hung Chak WANG Hui-Bin CHEN Yang Shakoor HAJAT REN Chao ZHOU Bai-Quan CHENG Jian Wenbiao HU MA Wen-Jun HUANG Cun-Rui school of Public Health Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou51000China Shanghai Typhoon Institute China Meteorological AdministrationShanghai200030China Department of Urban Planning and Design University of Hong KongHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing100081China Department of Public Health Environments and SocietyLondon School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineLondonWC1H 9SHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Architecture University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China school of Public Health and social Work Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbane4059Australia Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhou510399China school of Public Health Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health Shanghai Meteorological ServiceShanghai200030China Vanke school of Public Health Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

The Paris Agreement has prompted much interest in the societal and health impacts of limiting global warming to 1.5 ℃ and 2 ℃. Previous assessments of differential impacts of two targets indicate that 1.5 ℃ warming target would substantially reduce the impact on human health compared to 2 ℃, but they mainly focused on the magnitude of temperature changes under future climate change scenarios without any consideration of greater frequency of cumulative heat exposures within a day. Here we quantified the health risks of compound daytime and nighttime hot extremes using morbidity data in a megacity of China, and also identified the time-period of heat exposure with higher risks. Then we projected future morbidity burden attributable to compound hot extremes due to the half-degree warming. We estimated that the 2 ℃ warming scenario by 2100 as opposed to 1.5 ℃ would increase annual heat-related ambulance dispatches by 31% in Shenzhen city. Substantial additional impacts were associated with occurrence of consecutive hot days and nights, with ambulance dispatches increased by 82%. Our results suggested that compound hot extremes should be considered in assessment of heat-related health impacts, particularly in the context of climate change. Minimizing the warming of climate in a more ambitious target can significantly reduce the health damage.

关键词： Climate change Compound hot extreme Paris agreement Human health Morbidity effect

Fluctuating temperature modifies heat-mortality association around the globe

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The Innovation 2022年第2期3卷 65-72页

作者： Yao Wu Bo Wen Shanshan Li Antonio Gasparrini Shilu Tong Ala Overcenco Ales Urban Alexandra Schneider Alireza Entezari Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera Antonella Zanobetti Antonis Analitis Ariana Zeka Aurelio Tobias Barrak Alahmad Ben Armstrong Bertil Forsberg CarmenÍñiguez Caroline Ameling César De la Cruz Valencia ChristoferÅström Danny Houthuijs Do Van Dung Dominic Royé Ene Indermitte Eric Lavigne Fatemeh Mayvaneh Fiorella Acquaotta Francesca de’Donato Francesco Sera Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar Haidong Kan Hans Orru Ho Kim Iulian-Horia Holobaca Jan Kyselý Joana Madureira Joel Schwartz Klea Katsouyanni Magali Hurtado-Diaz Martina SRagettli Masahiro Hashizume Mathilde Pascal Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coélho Noah Scovronick Paola Michelozzi Patrick Goodman Paulo Hilario Nascimento Saldiva Rosana Abrutzky Samuel Osorio Tran Ngoc Dang Valentina Colistro Veronika Huber Whanhee Lee Xerxes Seposo Yasushi Honda Michelle L.Bell Yuming Guo Department of epidemiology and Preventive medicine School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourne 3004Australia Climate Air Quality Research UnitSchool of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourne 3004Australia Department of Public Health Environments and SocietyLondon School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineLondon WC1E 7HTUK Centre for Statistical Methodology London School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineLondon WC1E 7HTUK Centre on Climate Change&Planetary Health London School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineLondon WC1E 7HTUK Shanghai Children’s Medical Centre Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025China school of Public Health Institute of Environment and Human HealthAnhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032China Center for Global Health Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166China school of Public Health and social Work Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbane 4000Australia National Agency for Public Health of the Ministry of Health Labour and Social Protection of the Republic of MoldovaChisinau MD-2009Republic of Moldova Institute of Atmospheric Physics Czech Academy of SciencesPrague 14100Czech Republic Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life SciencesPrague 16500Czech Republic Institute of epidemiology Helmholtz Zentrum M€unchen-German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg 85747Germany Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences Hakim Sabzevari UniversitySabzevar ***Iran Institute of social and Preventive medicine University of BernBern 3012Switzerland Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research University of BernBern 3012Switzerland Department of Environmental Health Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthHarvard UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Department of hygiene Epidemiology and Medical StatisticsNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece Institute for Environment Healthand SocietiesBrunel University LondonLondon UB83PNUK Institute of Environmental Assessment and

Studies have investigated the effects of heat and temperature variability(TV)on ***,few assessed whether TV modifies the heat-mortality *** on daily temperature and mortality in the warm season were collected from 717 locations across 36 *** was calculated as the standard deviation of the average of the same and previous days’minimum and maximum temperatures.

关键词： deviation modif heat

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Status of Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria on Handheld Shopping Trolleys and Baskets in Supermarkets in Ndola, Zambia

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Open Journal of epidemiology 2023年第4期13卷 235-249页

作者： Shivangi Patel Victor Daka Steward Mudenda Mulemba Samutela Misheck Chileshe Warren Chanda Imukusi Mutanekelwa Ephraim Chikwanda Titus Haakonde Tobela Mudenda Scott Matafwali Samson Mwale Ruth Lindizyani Mfune Public Health Department School of Medicine Copperbelt University Ndola Zambia school of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Mary Begg Health Services Ndola Zambia school of medicine and Health Sciences Mulungushi University Livingstone Zambia tropical Disease Research Centre Ndola Zambia Environmental Health Section School of Applied and Health Sciences Evelyn Hone College of Applied Arts and Commerce Lusaka Zambia Pathology and Laboratory Department Ndola Teaching Hospital Ndola Zambia Clinical Research Department Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK

Background: Supermarkets are a place visited by individuals with different health conditions daily where microbiological contaminants through touch onto fomites such as trolleys and baskets can be passed on to other people hence potentially spreading infectious diseases. This study aimed to investigate the presence of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria on handheld shopping trolleys and baskets and their antimicrobial susceptibility status against commonly used antibiotics in Zambia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Trolleys and basket handles were swabbed and standard microbiological methods were used to identify the bacteria and disc diffusion to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility status. Data was collected from December 2021 to April 2022. Data was analysed using IBM Statistical Package for social Sciences (SPSS) Version 22. Results: Twenty-eight percent of the 200 total samples were found to be culture-positive and predominant isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (17.3%), Pseudomonas species (4.5%), Escherichia coli (2%), Corynebacterium species (2%), Staphylococcus species (1.5%) and Enterobacter aerogenes (0.5%). Staphylococcus aureus showed the most resistance to azithromycin (17%) followed by ciprofloxacin (2.8%), nitrofurantoin (2.8%) and chloramphenicol (2.8%). Escherichia coli showed 100% resistance to amoxicillin, cloxacillin and ampicillin, 75% resistance to ciprofloxacin and the least resistance to azithromycin (25%) while it was susceptible to nitrofurantoin. Staphylococcus species, Corynebacterium species, Enterobacter aerogenes and Pseudomonas species showed no resistance to any antibiotics. Conclusion: The study showed the presence of microorganisms with considerable antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics in Zambia on trolley and basket handles indicating the need for more initiatives to address proper hygiene in public environmental sites for better infection prevention and control.

关键词： Antimicrobial Resistance Coliform Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli Supermarket Shopping Trolleys and Baskets

CONSORT 2010说明与详述:报告平行对照随机临床试验指南的更新

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中西医结合学报 2010年第8期8卷 701-741页

作者： David Moher Sally Hopewell Kenneth F Schulz Victor Montori Peter C Gφtzsche P J Devereaux Diana Elbourne Matthias Egger Douglas G Altman 周庆辉卞兆祥刘建平 Ottawa Methods Centre Clinical Epidemiology ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawa HospitalOttawaOntario Centre for Statistics in medicine University of Oxford Wolfson College Family Health International Research Triangle Park UK Knowledge and Encounter Research Unit Mayo Clinic Rochester The Nordic Cochrane Centre Rigshospitalet Blegdamsvej 9 McMaster University Health Sciences Centre Hamilton Medical Statistics Unit London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Institute of social and Preventive medicine (ISPM) University of Bern

大量证据显示随机对照临床试验(randomised controlled trial,RCT)的报告质量不理想。报告不透明,则读者既不能评判试验结果是否真实可靠,也不能从中提取可用于系统综述的信息。最近的方法学分析表明,报告不充分和设计不合理与对治疗效... 详细信息

大量证据显示随机对照临床试验(randomised controlled trial,RCT)的报告质量不理想。报告不透明,则读者既不能评判试验结果是否真实可靠,也不能从中提取可用于系统综述的信息。最近的方法学分析表明,报告不充分和设计不合理与对治疗效果产生评价偏倚有关。这种系统误差对RCT损害严重,而RCT正是以其能减少或避免偏倚而被视为评价干预措施的金标准。为了提高RCT的报告质量,一个由专家和编辑组成的工作组制定了临床试验报告的统一标准(Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials,CONSORT)声明。CONSORT声明于1996年首次发表,并于2001年更新。声明由对照检查清单和流程图组成,供作者在报告RCT时使用。许多核心医学期刊和主要国际性编辑组织都已认可CONSORT声明。该声明促进了对RCT的严格评价和解释。2001年,在对CONSORT进行修订时,人们就已经清楚地认识到,解释和说明制定CONSORT声明的原理,有助于研究人员等撰写或评价临床试验报告。一篇CONSORT说明与详述文章于2001年同2001版CONSORT声明一起发表。2007年1月的专家会议之后,对CONSORT声明作了进一步修订并已发表,即"CONSORT2010声明"。这次更新对原版对照检查清单作了文字上的修改,使其更为明晰,并收入了与一些新近才认识到的主题相关的建议,如选择性报告结局产生的偏倚。说明与详述文件旨在加强人们对CONSORT声明的理解、应用和传播,这次也作了大量修订,对每一项新增或更新的清单条目的含义和增改理由进行了解释,提供了优秀的报告实例,还尽可能地提供了相关的经验性研究的参考文献。文中收入了若干流程图实例。"CONSORT2010声明"、其说明与详述文件,以及相关网站(***),对于改进随机临床试验报告必将有所裨益。

关键词：临床试验随机对照试验指南 CONSORT

Multicomponent Strategy with Decentralized Molecular Testing for Tuberculosis

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四川生理科学杂志 2021年第10期43卷 1731-1731页

作者： Adithya Cattamanchi From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care medicine and the Center for Tuberculosis San Francisco General Hospital (A.C. T.F.R. P.B.S.) the Partnerships for Research in Implementation Science for Equity Center (A.C. P.B.S. M.A.H.) and the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.A.H.) and Social and Behavioral Sciences (S.A.) University of California San Francisco San Francisco the Uganda Tuberculosis Implementation Research Consortium (A.C. T.N. M.N. D.O. S.N. D.B. S.T. P.B.S. D.A.J.M. J.L.D. D.W.D. A.K.) National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Program Uganda Ministry of Health (S.T.) and the Schools of Biomedical Sciences (M.J.) and Medicine (A.K.) Makerere University College of Health Sciences - all in Kampala Uganda the Implementation Science Program (K.A.) and the Department of epidemiology (A.T. H.S. O.F. R.T. D.W.D.) Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore the Faculties of Infectious and tropical Diseases (D.A.J.M.) and epidemiology and Population Health (K.F.) and the TB Centre (D.A.J.M. K.F.) London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London the Department of epidemiology of Microbial Diseases and the Center for Methods in Implementation and Prevention Sciences Yale School of Public Health and the Section of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Yale School of Medicine - both in New Haven CT (J.L.D.).

Background:Effective strategies are needed to facilitate the prompt diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in countries with a high burden of the ***:We conducted a cluster-randomized trial in which Ugandan community health centers were assigned to a multicomponent diagnostic strategy(on-site molecular testing for tuberculosis,guided restructuring of clinic workflows,and monthly feedback of quality metrics)or routine care(on-site sputum-smear microscopy and referral-based molecular testing).The primary outcome was the number of adults treated for confirmed tuberculosis within 14 days after presenting to the health center for evaluation during the 16-month intervention *** outcomes included completion of tuberculosis testing,sameday diagnosis,and same-day *** were also assessed on the basis of proportions.

关键词： diagnosis routine testing