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Genetic analysis for geographic isolation comparison of brown bears living in the periphery of the Western Carpathians Mountains with bears living in other areas

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Open Journal of Genetics 2013年第3期3卷 174-182页

作者： Jan Graban Jana Kiskova Pavol Pepich Robin Rigg Institute of the High Mountain Biology University of Zilina Tatranska JavorinaTatranska JavorinaSlovak Republic Institute of Foreign Languages University of ZilinaZilinaSlovak Republic slovak Wildlife Society Liptovsky HradokSlovak Republic

Populations of the European brown bear (Ursus arctos L.) differ substantially in size, degree of geographic isolation and level of genetic diversity. Present patterns result from phylogeographic processes and profound human intervention. We assessed the genetic variability of a subpopulation of brown bears near the periphery of their range in the Western Carpathian Mountains and compared their genetic properties with those of bears in the core of the same population and elsewhere. Samples were collected non-invasively in 2007-2008 and2010 in Strázovské Vrchy Protected Landscape Area (PLA) in slovakia (included in the NATURA 2000 networking programme). Seven polymorphic microsatellite loci (UaMU26, UaMU64, G10B, G1D, G10L, UaMU50 and UaMU51) were amplified using a nested PCR in order to assess the following parameters: variability, allelic combinations, heterozygosity, number of alleles and inbreeding coefficient. Sufficient brown bear DNA for analysis was obtained from 57 out of 140 samples (41%), among which 45 different genotypes were identified. Loci had a mean of 2.71 ± 0.76 alleles. Average observed heterozygosity was 0.59. The inbreeding coefficient was negative for all but one of the analysed loci (2007-2008). In the year 2010 was negative three of seven loci. These results imply that gene flow with other parts of the population has been maintained in the reduced level and the isolation level of bears in the study area was not so low. Nevertheless, the genetic variability of bears in Strázovské Vrchy PLA was lower than that reported from other localities in the Carpathian Mountains. The results are discussed in the context of behavioural ecology and conservation genetics.

关键词： Carpathian Mountains European Brown Bear Ursus arctos L. Genetic Diversity Microsatellite Markers Non-Invasive Sampling

Antioxidant efficiency of lycopene on oxidative stress-induced damage in bovine spermatozoa

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第1期8卷 67-79页

作者： Eva Tvrdá Anton Kovácik Eva Tusimová Dusan Paál Alica Mackovich Jakhongir Alimov Norbert Lukác Department of Animal Physiology Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra Tr. A. Hlinku 2 Nitra 94976 Slovakia AgroBioTech research Centre Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra Tr. A. Hlinku 2 Nitra 94976 Slovakia Department of Botany and Genetics Faculty of Natural Sciences Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra Nabbrezie mladeze 91 Nitra 94974 Slovakia Department of General Biology Faculty of Natural Sciences Gulistan State University 4th Microrayon Guliston 120100 Syrdarya Uzbekistan.

Background： Lycopene（LYC） is a natural carotenoid with powerful reactive oxygen species（ROS） scavenging activities. The aim of this study was to investigate if lycopene has the ability to reverse ROS-mediated alterations to the motility, viability and intracellular antioxidant profile of bovine spermatozoa subjected to ferrous ascorbate（Fe AA）. Spermatozoa were washed out of fresh bovine semen, suspended in 2.9 % sodium citrate and subjected to LYC treatment（0.25, 0.5, 1 or 2 mmol/L） in the presence or absence of Fe AA（150 μmol/L Fe SO4 and 750 μmol/L ascorbic acid） during a 6 h in vitro culture. Spermatozoa motion characteristics were assessed using the Sperm Vision？computer-aided sperm analysis（CASA） system. Cell viability was examined with the metabolic activity（MTT） assay,ROS generation was quantified via luminometry and the nitroblue-tetrazolium（NBT） test was applied to quantify the intracellular superoxide formation. Cell lysates were prepared at the end of the in vitro culture to investigate the intracellular activity of superoxide dismutase（SOD）, catalase（CAT）, glutathione peroxidase（GPx） as well as the concentrations of glutathione（GSH） and malondialdehyde（MDA）.Results： FeA A treatment led to a reduced spermatozoa motility（P 〈 0.001）, viability（P 〈 0.001） and a decline of the antioxidant capacity of spermatozoa（P 〈 0.001） but increased the ROS generation（P 〈 0.001）, superoxide production（P 〈 0.001） and lipid peroxidation（P 〈 0.001）. LYC administration resulted in a preservation of the spermatozoa motion parameters（P 〈 0.001）, mitochondrial activity（P 〈 0.001） and antioxidant characteristics（P 〈 0.001 with respect to SOD;P 〈 0.01 in relation to CAT; P 〈 0.05 as for GPx and GSH） with a concentration range of 1 and 2 mmol/L LYC revealed to be the most ***： Our results suggest that LYC exhibits significant ROS-scavenging and antioxidant properties which may prevent spermatozoa alterations caused by oxidative stress, and preserve the functional

关键词： Antioxidants Bulls Ferrous ascorbate Lycopene Oxidative stress Spermatozoa

The Influence of Selected Somatometric Indicators on Students＇ Aerobic Performance at the Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, slovak University of Technology in Bratislava

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Journal of Sports Science 2015年第5期3卷 234-238页

作者： Pelucha Robin Jaroslav Hancak Bobrlk Miroslav Department of Physical education and Sport Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Bratislava Slovak Republic 812 3 7Slovak Republic

The aim of our work is to identify the differences in selected somatometric indicators between men and women and their impact on aerobic performance. The research sample consisted of students of first year of Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology in Bratislava in the number of 596 （187 men and 409 women）. Aerobic performance （VO2max） was calculated on the basis of performance in Beep test. Within somatometrie indicators, we measured BMI （body mass index） and body fat using digital scales with body analysis OMRON BF-511. In the first chapter we were looking for differences in the values of body mass index between men and women. We found out statistically significant differences in the categories of underweight, overweight and obesity. In the second chapter, we focused on mutual comparison of maximal aerobic capacity with selected somatometric indicators. As a first somatometric indicator, we used BMI index. Our assumption that VO2max values are significantly lower among students with underweight and normal weight as students with overweight, resp. obesity was not confirmed. As a second somatometric indicator, we used body fat levels. In the mutual comparison we observed statistically significant differences in the category of very poor （P 〈 0.01） and above average （P 〈 0.05） where students with low-normal body fat achieved better values than students with high-very high body fat.

关键词： Obesity motor performance body fat BMI VO2max

Effect of Raw Material for Distillers Grains Production on Protein Quality for Ruminants

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Journal of Life Sciences 2011年第10期5卷 814-820页

作者： Máia Chrenková Zuzana Ceresnakova Zuzana Formelova Maria Polacikova Pavol Frak Animal Production research Centre Nitra Institute for Nutrition Lu2ianky 95141 Slovak Republic

The present experiment was focused on quality of dry distillers＇ grains with solubles （DDGS） produced from corn （DDGSc）, wheat （DDGSw）, triticale （DDGSt）, and wet distillers grains from corn （WDGc） for ruminants. The products were tested for dry matter （DM）, crude protein （CP）, neutral detergent fibre （NDF）, acid detergent fibre （ADF） acid detergent insoluble nitrogen （NIAD）, amino acid （AA） profile, CP degradability and intestinal digestibility （ID） of rumen undegraded protein （RUP）. The average content of CP （g/kg DM） ranged from 289.9 （DDGSc） to 356.9 （DDGSw）. The highest content of essential AA was in WDGc （440.1 g/160g N） followed with DDGSc. The most variable was the content of Lys in DDGSw （from 13.69 to 22.79 g/160 g N）. The NIAD was found the highest for DDGSw （from 16.8% to 36.2%）, effective CP degradability was only 50.2% and ID of RUP 82.2%, total essential AA 81.2%, Lys 77.69% and Met 81.4%. Lys was generally the least digestible AA. The ruminally degradable CP fraction was in the range from 52.6% to 70.2% for DDGSc. ID of total and essential by-pass AA was very high 96.2% and 96.1%, Lysine 90.9% and Methionine 96.7%. From these data it can be concluded that DDGS from grains are a good source of protein for ruminants.

关键词： DDGS crude protein amino acids in situ degradability intestinal digestibility.

Seasonality of PSII thermostability and water use e ffi ciency of in situ mountainous Norway spruce(Picea abies)

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Journal of Forestry research 2023年第1期34卷 197-208页

作者： Peter Petrik Anja Petek-Petrik Alena Konopkova Peter Fleischer Srdjan Stojnic Ina Zavadilova Daniel Kurjak Global Change research Institute Czech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic Department of Vegetation Ecology Institute of Botany CASBrnoCzech Republic Faculty of Forestry Technical University of ZvolenZvolenSlovakia Institute of Forest Ecology Slovak Academy of SciencesZvolenSlovakia Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment University of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia

The stability of monocultural,even-aged spruce forests at lower altitudes in Central Europe is seriously threatened by the prospects of global climate *** thermostability and water use efficiency of their photo synthetic apparatus might play a vital role in their successful *** this study,photo systemⅡ(PSⅡ)performance(OJIP transient,rapid light curves)and thermostability were analyzed in Norway spruce(Picea abies(L.)Karst.)throughout the growing season of the exceptionally warm year 2018(May-September)in the Western Carpathians,*** measurements were accompanied by analysis of pigment concentrations in the *** addition,gas-exchange temperature curves were produced weekly from June until September to obtain intrinsic water use *** the beginning of the growing season,needles exposed to heat stress showed significantly higher basal fluorescence and lower quantum yield,performance index,critical temperature thresholds of PSII inactivation and nonphotochemical yield in comparison to other *** overall thermostability(heat-resistance)of PSII peaked in July and August,reflected in the lowest basal fluorescence and the highest quantum yield of PSII,critical temperature thresholds and yield of non-photochemical quenching under heat ***,the ratio between chlorophyll and carotenoids was the highest in August and had a positive impact on PSII ***,the high-temperature intrinsic water use efficiency was significantly higher during July and August than in *** show that15-year-old trees of Picea abies at 840 m *** acclimative seasonal responses of PSII thermostability and intrinsic water use efficiency during an exceptionally warm *** results suggest that mountainous *** at lower altitudes can acclimate their photosynthetic apparatus to higher temperatures during summer.

关键词： Heat stress Photosynthesis Non-photochemical quenching Pigments Intrinsic water use efficiency

Probiotics and postbiotics in colorectal cancer:Prevention and complementary therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第27期28卷 3370-3382页

作者： Monika Kvakova Anna Kamlarova Jana Stofilova Veronika Benetinova Izabela Bertkova center of Clinical and Preclinical research MEDIPARK Faculty of MedicineP.J.Safarik University in KosiceKosice 04011Slovakia

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a leading cause of human mortality *** conventional anticancer therapy not always being effective,there is growing interest in innovative“drug-free”cancer treatments or interventions that improve the efficacy of established *** is associated with microbiome alterations,a process known as dysbiosis that involves depletion and/or enrichment of particular gut bacterial species and their metabolic *** patient treatment with traditional probiotics(with or without prebiotics),nextgeneration probiotics(NGP),or postbiotics represents a potentially effective and accessible complementary anticancer strategy by restoring gut microbiota composition and/or by signaling to the *** this capacity,restoration of the gut microbiota in cancer patients can stabilize and enhance intestinal barrier function,as well as promote anticarcinogenic,anti-inflammatory,antimutagenic or other biologically important biochemical pathways that show high specificity towards tumor *** benefits of traditional probiotics,NGP,and postbiotics include modulating gut microbiota composition and function,as well as the host inflammatory *** application in CRC prevention is highlighted in this review,where we consider supportive in vitro,animal,and clinical *** on emerging research,NGP and postbiotics hold promise in establishing innovative treatments for CRC by conferring physiological functions via the production of dominant natural products and metabolites that provide new host-microbiota signals to combat *** favorable results have been reported,further investigations focusing on strain and dose specificity are required to ensure the efficacy and safety of traditional probiotics,NGP,and postbiotics in CRC prevention and treatment.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Traditional probiotics Next-generation probiotics Postbiotics Gut microbiota

Preventing Cloud Network from Spamming Attacks Using Cloudflare and KNN

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 2641-2659页

作者： Muhammad Nadeem Ali Arshad Saman Riaz SyedaWajiha Zahra Muhammad Rashid Shahab S.Band Amir Mosavi Department of Computer Science Abasyn UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science National University of TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan Future Technology research center National Yunlin University of Science and TechnologyDouliuYunlin64002Taiwan Institute of Information Society University of Public ServiceBudapest1083Hungary John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics Obuda UniversityBudapestHungary Institute of Information Engineering Automation and MathematicsSlovak University of Technology in BratislavaSlovakia

Cloud computing is one of the most attractive and cost-saving models,which provides online services to *** computing allows the user to access data directly from any *** nowadays,cloud security is one of the biggest issues that *** types of malware are wreaking havoc on the *** on the cloud server are happening from both internal and external *** paper has developed a tool to prevent the cloud server from spamming *** an attacker attempts to use different spamming techniques on a cloud server,the attacker will be intercepted through two effective techniques:Cloudflare and K-nearest neighbors(KNN)*** will block those IP addresses that the attacker will use and prevent spamming ***,the KNN classifiers will determine which area the spammer belongs *** the end of the article,various prevention techniques for securing cloud servers will be discussed,a comparison will be made with different papers,a conclusion will be drawn based on different results.

关键词： Intrusion prevention system spamming KNN classification spam cyber security botnet

Two Layer Symmetric Cryptography Algorithm for Protecting Data from Attacks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 2625-2640页

作者： Muhammad Nadeem Ali Arshad Saman Riaz Syeda Wajiha Zahra Shahab SBand Amir Mosavi Department of Computer Science Abasyn UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science National University of TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan Future Technology research center National Yunlin University of Science and TechnologyDouliuYunlin64002Taiwan Institute of Information Society University of Public ServiceBudapest1083Hungary John Von Neumann Faculty of Informatics Obuda UniversityBudapestHungary Institute of Information Engineering Automation and MathilticsSlovak University of Technology in BratislavaSlovakia

Many organizations have insisted on protecting the cloud server from the outside,although the risks of attacking the cloud server are mostly from the *** are many algorithms designed to protect the cloud server from attacks that have been able to protect the cloud server ***,the attackers have designed even better mechanisms to break these security *** cryptography is the best data protection algorithm that exchanges data between authentic *** this article,one symmetric cryptography algorithm will be designed to secure cloud server data,used to send and receive cloud server data securely.A double encryption algorithm will be implemented to send data in a secure ***,the XOR function will be applied to plain text,and then salt technique will be ***,a reversing mechanism will be implemented on that data to provide more data *** decrypt data,the cipher text will be reversed,salt will be removed,andXORwill be *** the end of the paper,the proposed algorithm will be compared with other algorithms,and it will conclude how much better the existing algorithm is than other algorithms.

关键词： Cryptography symmetric algorithm encryption decryption cipher text cloud security asymmetric algorithm

Changes in demand and supply of ecosystem services under scenarios of future land use in Vorarlberg, Austria

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第12期16卷 2793-2809页

作者： SAUTER Isabel KIENAST Felix BOLLIGER Janine WINTER Benjamin PAZuR Robert Swiss Federal research Institute WSL Zurcherstrasse 1118903 BirmensdorfSwitzerland ALPS-Centre for Climate Change Adaptation Grabenweg 686020 InnsbruckAustria Institute of Geography University of InnsbruckInnrain 526020 InnsbruckAustria Institute of Geography Slovak Academy of SciencesStefanikova 4981473 BratislavaSlovakia

Ecosystem services(ES)are highly impacted by human-induced land-use *** urbanization and agricultural land abandonment in Western Europe necessitate assessments of future land-change impacts on ES to ensure sustainable service *** present study aims at evaluating future demand and supply of three key services(flood protection,nearby recreation and biodiversity)in the mountainous region of Vorarlberg,*** mapped the ES for the referenced time step 2016 and two scenarios for 2050,assuming the continuation of current land-change trends and pressure on landscape *** for the referenced landscape in 2016 show the highest ES supply for intermediate levels,while ES supply was low in the lowlands and valley bottoms and in high-elevation *** found a high positive correlation of ES with the distribution of forested *** contrast,service demand was highest in lowelevation areas and decreased with increasing *** indicates that densely settled and intensively used agricultural areas currently suffer from ES *** projected future development of land use showed an increase in both supply and demand of the selected *** overall service supply increased more than the respective demand due to some reforestation of open *** forests were found to be important synergistic areas for overall service provision,we expect decreasing demand on related ***,demand was found to exceed the supply of ES,especially in the densely populated Rhine valley-requiring further policy *** ES-related information may contribute to regional policy making and ensure the long-term provision of ESs for future generations.

关键词： Land-use change Future land-use scenarios Regional assessment Ecosystem services Synergies Conflicts