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A review of multiscale expansion of low permeability reservoir cracks

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Petroleum 2018年第2期4卷 115-125页

作者： Liuke Huang Jianjun Liu Youjun Ji Xiaoping Gong Liangkai Qin School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China b Northeast Sichuan gas Recovery Plant Sinopec Southwest Oil and Gas CompanyLangzhong637400China c School of Civil Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Hope CollegeChengdu610400China

The study of rock crack propagation by multi-scale method is of great significance to comprehensively and accurately understand the law of rock crack evolution.In this paper,the theoretical,experimental and numerical methods from macroscale,mesoscale and microscale used for crack propagation in recent years are summarized and analyzed.Firstly,the evolution mechanism of the crack and the related research status are analyzed from a single scale.Secondly,multi-scale theory,modeling,meshing algorithm and macro-mesoscopic parameters are reviewed in the multi-scale coupling method.Through the analysis of the results published in recent years,it is considered that the following aspects need to be further studied:the characteristic parameters of the rock are different at different scales,so the extraction of the characteristic parameters under different scales is essential to modeling and coupling;the heterogeneity of rock and the prefabrication of cracks are greatly affected by human factors,so that 3D printing will be a good breakthrough to build the model of crack owing to its accurate control on the distribution and the size of cracks.The internal stress field of the rock is complex and varied,and the generation and expansion of the microcracks in the process of crack propagation are closely related to the surrounding environment.Therefore,it is of great importance to combine theoretical,experimental and numerical research with practical engineering.

关键词： Crack propagation Multiscale coupling Multiscale modeling Microcrack 3D printing

Surface Processes Driving Intracontinental Basin Subsidence in the Context of India–Eurasia Collision:Evidence from Flexural Subsidence Modeling of the Cenozoic Southern Tarim Basin along the West Kunlun Foreland,NW Tibetan Plateau

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2023年第6期97卷 1778-1786页

作者： HUANG Hao LIN Xiubin AN Kaixuan ZHANG Yuqing CHEN Hanlin CHENG Xiaogan LI Chunyang Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resources of Zhejiang Province School of Earth SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Research Center for Structures in oil and gas-Bearing Basins Ministry of EducationHangzhou 310027China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Sinopec Southwest Oil and Gas CompanyChengdu 610041China

The India–Eurasia collision has produced a number of Cenozoic deep intracontinental basins,which bear important information for revealing the far-afield responses to the remote collision.Despite their significance,their subsiding mechanism remains the subject of debate,with end-member models attributing it to either orogenic or sedimentary load.In this study,we conduct flexural subsidence modeling with a two-dimensional finite elastic plate model on the Hotan-Mazatagh section along the southern Tarim Basin,which defines a key region in the foreland of the West Kunlun Orogen,along the NW margin of the Tibetan Plateau.The modeling results indicate that the orogenic load of West Kunlun triggers the southern Tarim Basin to subside by up to less than ~6 km,with its impact weakening towards the basin interiors until ~230 km north from the Karakax fault.The sedimentary load,consisting of Cenozoic strata,forces the basin to subside by ~2 to~7 km.In combination with the retreat of the proto-Paratethys Sea and the paleogeographic reorganization of the Tarim Basin,we propose that surface processes,in particular a shift from an exorheic to an endorheic drainage system associated with the consequent thick sedimentary load,played a decisive role in forming deep intracontinental basins in the context of the India-Eurasia collision.

关键词： flexural subsidence modeling India-Eurasia collision West Kunlun Tarim Basin Northwest Tibetan Plateau

S-wave velocity inversion and prediction using a deep hybrid neural network

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第4期65卷 724-741页

作者： Jun WANG Junxing CAO Shuang ZHAO Qiaomu QI State Key Laboratory of oil and gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China Key Laboratory of Earth Exploration and Information Techniques(Chengdu University of Technology) Ministry of EducationChengdu 610059China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Southwest Petroleum CompanySINOPECChengdu 610041China

The S-wave velocity is a critical petrophysical parameter in reservoir description,prestack seismic inversion,and geomechanical analysis.However,obtaining the S-wave velocity from field measurements is difficult.When no measured Swave data are available,petrophysical modelling provides the most accurate S-wave velocity prediction.However,because of the complexity of underground geological structures and diversity of rock minerals,the prediction results of petrophysical modelling are easily affected by factors such as the cognition and experience of the modeller.Therefore,the development of novel robust and simple S-wave velocity inversion and prediction methods independent of the modeller is critical.Inspired by ensemble learning and based on the geologic sedimentation law of reservoirs and their characteristics in logging response,an Swave velocity inversion and prediction method based on deep hybrid neural network was developed by combining the classical convolution neural network(CNN)with the long short-term memory(LSTM)network.Considering the conventional logging data such as acoustic and density as the input in the proposed method,the CNN was used to establish the nonlinear mapping relationship between the input data and S-wave velocity,and the LSTM network was used to integrate the vertical variation trend of the stratum.Thus,intelligent data-driven inversion and prediction of the S-wave velocity were realised.The experimental results revealed that the proposed method exhibited a strong generalisation ability and could obtain prediction results comparable to those of petrophysical modelling with a single-well data set for training.Thus,a novel methodology for robust and convenient S-wave velocity prediction was devised.The proposed method has considerable academic and application implications.

关键词： Deep learning Convolutional neural network Long short-term memory network Hybrid neural network Sedimentary constraint S-wave velocity prediction Petrophysical inversion

Quantification and timing of porosity evolution in tight sand gas reservoirs:an example from the Middle Jurassic Shaximiao Formation,western Sichuan,China

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Petroleum Science 2015年第2期12卷 207-217页

作者： Zheng-Xiang Lü Su-Juan Ye Xiang Yang Rong Li Yuan-Hua Qing State Key Laboratory of oil and gas Reservoir Geology &Exploitation Chengdu University of Technology Exploration and Production Research Institute Sinopec Southwest Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources PetroChina Tarim oilfield company

The diagenesis and porosity evolution of the Middle Jurassic Shaximiao sandstones were analyzed based on petrographic observations, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy observations, carbon and oxygen stable isotope geochemistry, fluid inclusion mi- crothermometry, and thermal and burial history modeling results. The point count data show that secondary pores （av. 5.5 %） are more abundant than primary pores （av. 3.7 %） and are thus the dominant pore type in the Shaximiao sandstones. Analysis of porosity evolution indicates that alteration of sandstones mainly occurred during two paragenetic stages. Mechanical compaction and cementa- tion by early chlorite, calcite, and quartz typically decrease the depositional porosity （40.9 %） by an average of 37.2 %, leaving porosity of 3.7 % after stage I （〈85 ℃, 175-145 Ma）. The original intergranular porosity loss due to compaction is calculated to be 29.3 %, suggesting that mechanical compaction is the most significant diagenetic process in primary porosity destruction. Stage II can be further divided into two sub-stages （Stage IIa and Stage IIb）. Stage IIa （85-120 ℃, 145-125 Ma） is characterized by late dissolution, which enhanced porosity by 8.8 %, and the porosity increased from 3.7 % to 12.5 %. During stage IIb （〉120 ℃, 125-0 Ma）, the precipitation of late chlorite, calcite, quartz, and kaolinite destroyed 3.3 % porosity, leaving porosity of 9.2 % in the rock today.

关键词： Diagenesis Porosity evolution -Tight gas sandstones Jurassic Western Sichuan

Fractionation characteristics of magnesium isotope in the ancient weathering crust

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Petroleum Science 2023年第3期20卷 1446-1457页

作者： Jia-Qi Yang Jun-Tao Zhang Zhi-Liang He Ni-Na Luo Xiao-Hui Jjin Tao Zhang Ning Gu Kang-Jun Huang jian Gao School of Energy Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing100083China sinopec Exploration and Production Research Institute Beijing100083China China Petrochemical Corporation Ltd. Beijing100728China Key Laboratory of Deep Geology and Resources SINOPECBejing102206China Chongqing gas Field of Petro China southwest oil and gas Field company Chongqing400021China Shaanxi Key Laboretory of Early Life and Environments Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxi710069China

Weathering has always been a concerned around the world,as the first and most important step in the global cycle of elements,which leads to the fractionation of isotopes on the scale of geological age.The Middle Ordovician Majiagou Formation in Daniudi area of the Ordos Basin had experienced weathering for>130 Myr.Through thin section observation,major and trace element analysis,carbon,oxygen,and magnesium isotopes composition analysis,the dolomitization modes and weathering of ancient dolo-mite in Daniudi area were analyzed in detail.The results showed that the Sabkha and brine-reflux dolomitization modes had developed,and the Mg isotopes in different layers of the karst crust were fractionated by various factors.The vertical vadose zone was affected by weathering,the Mg isotope of dolomite(δ^(26)Mgdol)showed a downward decreasing trend;the horizontal underflow zone was controlled by diagenesis and formation fluid,δ^(26)Mgdol showed a vertical invariance and negative;the main reason for Mg isotope fractionation in the deep slow-flow zone was the brine-reflux dolomitization mode during early burial period,which showed a vertical downward increase.Finally,the Mg isotope characteristic data of the ancient weathering crust were provided and the process of Mg isotope frac-tionationinthekarstcrust was explained.

关键词： Magnesium isotope Dolomitization mode Weathering Ancient weathering crust Ordos Basin

Kinetics and fractionation of hydrogen isotopes during gas formation from representative functional groups

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Petroleum Science 2021年第4期18卷 1021-1032页

作者： Shuang-Fang Lu Guo-Qi Feng Ming-Li Shao Ji-Jun Li Hai-Tao Xue Min Wang Fang-Wen Chen Wen-Biao Li Xiao-Ting Pang aResearch Institute of Unconventional oil&gas and New Energy China University of PetroleumQingdaoShandong 266580China Exploitation and Development Research Institude of Jilin oilfield company CNPCSongyuanJilin138000China

A gold tube simulation device was used to study the cleavage of representative compounds into gas.The goal of this study is to investigate hydrogen isotope composition change of gaseous hydrocarbons during maturity.gas chromatography and isotopic analyses were conducted to determine how the yield of natural gas components and their hydrogen isotopic composition were related to experimental temperature and heating rate.A chemical kinetic model for the generation of each component of the natural gas and for the hydrogen isotopic fractionation was established and calibrated based on the results.Results indicate that the hydrogen isotopic fractionation during the evolution of various gas-forming organic materials can be satisfactorily described by chemical kinetic models.During regular methane generation,the reactions at low-activation-energy region had a greater contribution than the high-activation-energy region.While the reactions with high-activation-energy region had greater contribution of deuterium-rich methane.Compared with carbon isotope fractionation,this results in a greater hydrogen isotopic fractionation,which is more sensitive to changes in maturity.This study lays a foundation for further investigations of genesis and maturity of natural gas provided by hydrogen isotopic fractionation.It also provides fundamental knowledge for investigating the filling history of natural gas reservoir and for identifying.

关键词： gas-forming compounds Pyrolysis Hydrogen isotopes Fractionation Chemical kinetics

Fracture propagation and induced strain response during supercritical CO_(2)jet fracturing

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Petroleum Science 2022年第4期19卷 1682-1699页

作者： Can Cai Bang-Run Li Yi-Yao Zhang Wen He Ying-Xin Yang Yong Kang Ji-Wei Wu School of Mechanical Engineering Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500SichuanP.R.China The State Key Laboratory of oil&gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500SichuanP.R.China Shu'nan gas-Mine of southwest oil and gas Field company Luzhou646000SichuanP.R.China Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterjet Theory and New Technology Wuhan UniversityWuhan430072HubeiP.R.China School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Physics Harvard UniversityCambridge02138United States School of Mechanical Engineering Yangtze UniversityJingzhou434023HubeiP.R.China

To investigate fracture generation and strain variation during SC-CO_(2)(supercritical carbon dioxide)jet fracturing,the model of induced strain is established and the experiments are comprehensively studied.The influence factors are comprehensively explored,such as jet pressure,ambient pressure,etc.With the increasing jet pressure,the fracture morphology changes from parallel cracks to oblique cracks.Both the mass loss of specimen and CO_(2) absorption increase significantly,and the growth rate and minimum value of strain also rise exponentially.Under a high ambient pressure of 8.0 MPa,the main fractures mostly propagated from the surface to the bottom surface of the specimen.The maximum strain and the stable duration under higher ambient pressure are 1.5 times and 10 times,respectively,of the case under the ambient pressure of 5.0 MPa.The comparison shows that the optimal jet distance is 5-7 times the nozzle diameter,resulting in massive mass loss,large CO_(2)absorption,and peak strain.Moreover,the nonlinear variation of strain curve during jet pressurization is related to the type of rock and ambient pressure.These studies clearly show the relationship between the fracture morphology and induced strain,which are crucial for SC-CO_(2)fracturing in shale gas reservoirs.

关键词： Supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing Jet fracturing Fracture morphology Strain variation

Characteristics and significance of the penecontemporaneous karst in lacustrine carbonate, Da'anzhai Member, Lower Jurassic, Beibei area, eastern Sichuan Basin

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Petroleum 2017年第3期3卷 292-300页

作者： Chengpeng Su Xiucheng Tan Kailan Shi Juan Zou Feifan Lu Sicong Luo Hao Tang Xinyu Zhang State Key Laboratory of oil and gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China The Sedimentary and Accumulation Department of Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs PetroChinaSouthwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China Exploration and Development Research Institute of PetroChina southwest oil&gas Field company ChengduSichuan 610041China

There are few reports about the penecontemporaneous karst of the lacustrine carbonate of Da'anzhai Member which developed on the top of Lower Jurassic Ziliujing Formation,eastern Sichuan Basin.Based on the analysis of the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of Heping Reservoir section in Beibei area,It is discovered that the penecontemporaneous karst in the lacustrine carbonate,Da'anzhai Member,and its characters as follows:(1)The dissolved fractures and karrens are common,which have been filled with vadose silts,bioclasts,terrigenous quartzes,crystal and intergrown calcites;(2)The penecontemporaneous karstification mainly occurs in the micrites and shell limestones of the middle and upper part of the shallowing-upward sequence,and the desiccation cracks occur in some shallowing-upward sequences;(3)Three meteoric-water diagenetic lenses are identified in this section.By further study we also find the factures,stylolite and burial dissolution pores occur along the karst system(tubes,conduits and caves of the karst).And the asphalt not only fills the stylolites and fractures,but also is mixed with the vadose silt in the karst system,although the pore space formed by penecontemporaneous karstification is filled with vadose material and cements.Therefore it is concluded that the development and modification of the tight lacustrine carbonate reservoir of Da'anzhai Member,to some extent,are relevant with the penecontemporaneous karstification,and the penecontemporaneous karst reservoir may develop in the buried Da'anzhai carbonate of the basin.

关键词： Sichuan Basin Da'anzhai Member Lacustrine carbonate Penecontemporaneous karst Tight reservoir

Sedimentary characteristics and model of gravity flow channel-lobe complex in a depression lake basin:A case study of Chang 7 Member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in southwestern Ordos Basin,NW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2022年第6期49卷 1323-1338页

作者： LYU Qiqi FU Jinhua LUO Shunshe LI Shixiang ZHOU Xinping PU Yuxin YAN Hongguo School of Geosciences Yangtze UniversityWuhan 430100China National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low Permeability oil&gas Fields Xi’an 710018China Exploration and Development Research Institute of Changqing oilfield Branch company Ltd. PetroChinaXi’an 710018China

To reveal the development characteristics and distribution of gravity flow sedimentary system under micro-paleogeomorphologic units of the Chang 7 Member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in the southwestern Ordos Basin,on the basis of the restoration of the paleogeomorphological form of the Chang 7 depositional period by the impression method,each micro-paleogeomorphologic unit was depicted in-depth,and the characteristics and development models of gravity flow deposits in the study area were studied in combination with outcrop,core,mud logging and log data.The results show that:(1)The paleogeomorphology in the Chang 7 depositional period was an asymmetrical depression,wide and gentle in the northeast and steep and narrow in the southwest.Three sub-paleogeomorphologic units were developed in the basin,including gentle paleo-slope,paleo-slope and paleo-depression,and they can be further subdivided into eight micro-paleogeomorphologic units:bulge,groove,slope break belt,plain of lake bottom,deep depression of lake bottom,paleo-channel,paleo-ridge of lake bottom,and paleo-uplift of lake bottom.(2)There are 9 types of lithofacies and 4 types of lithofacies assemblages of Chang 7 Member.According to lithofacies composition and lithofacies vertical combination,the gravity flow deposit is further divided into 5 types of microfacies:restricted channel,unrestricted channel,natural levee,inter-channel,lobe.(3)Paleogeomorphology plays an important role in controlling sediment source direction,type and spatial distribution of sedimentary microfacies,genetic types and distribution of sand bodies in Chang 7 Member.

关键词： gravity flow deposit slope break belt paleogeomorphology channel-lobe complex Triassic Yanchang Formation Ordos Basin depression lake basin