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Growth of HIV-Infected Children on Antiretrovirals Started Prior the Age of 2 Years

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2025年第1期15卷 42-51页

作者： Anne Esther Njom Nlend Anita Tanekeu Annie Carole Nga Motaze Jeannette Epée Ngoué Natacha Owona National Social Welfare Hospital Yaound Cameroon Higher Institute of Medical Technology University of Douala Yaound Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Yaound Cameroon National aids control committee Yaound Cameroon

Objective: To study the effects of starting antiretroviral treatment (ART) prior the age of two years on the growth (height and weight) of HIV-infected children. Methodology: This was a retrospective cohort study. HIV-infected children on ART aged less than 15 years were divided into two groups Group 1 (G1) comprising children who started ART prior 2 years and Group (G2) those put on treatment thereafter. Main Measures: Percentage of children with growth retardation measured by Height for Age (H/A) and Weight for Age (W/A) Results: In total, we included 90 subjects. The median age was 10 years with a slight female predominance (51.2%). Most children were asymptomatic at the time of the study (96.6%), compliant with treatment (81%), 54.8% of children were on cotrimoxazole, 33% knew their status. At initiation, underweight was predominant in group 1 compared to group 2 (52% versus 29.5%;p = 0.015). Conversely, stunted growth predominated in G2 compared to G1 but without significant difference (38% versus 50%;p = 0.147). At the time of our study (median age of 10 years), catch-up height and weight predominated in G1 compared to G2;only a small proportion remained below −2SD (4% versus 18.2%;p = 0.015 and 9% versus 29.5%;p = 0.006 respectively for underweight and stunted growth). Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Growth retardation was common at ART initiation. Catch-up in height was more evident in the early treatment group. Initiation of ART before the age of 2 years rather influences children’s height than weight. The result of this study further emphasizes the need of early ART and closed clinical monitoring to better assess the impact of ART in areas with high rates of undernutrition.

关键词： Growth Height and Weight HIV Antiretrovirals Children 2 Years Old

Characterization of a New HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form CRF142_BC—Yunnan,China,2015 and 2021

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China CDC weekly 2024年第42期6卷 1080-1085页

作者： Min Chen Huichao Chen Shouxiong Lei Jie Dai Yanling Ma Manhong Jia Yunnan provincial Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety&Health Laboratory Center Yunnan Center for Disease Control and PreventionKunming CityYunnan ProvinceChina Institute for aids/STD control and prevention Yunnan Center for Disease Control and PreventionKunming CityYunnan ProvinceChina Division for aids/STD control and prevention Zhaotong Center for Disease Control and PreventionZhaotong CityYunnan ProvinceChina Yunnan provincial Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety&Institute for aids/STD control and prevention Yunnan Center for Disease Control and PreventionKunming CityYunnan ProvinceChina

What is already known about this topic?Recombinant strains dominate the human immunodeficiency virus 1(HIV-1)epidemic in *** Province was the first region in China to report HIV-1 infections in *** long-term HIV-1 epidemic led to the generation of various recombinant *** the 47 circulating recombinant forms(CRFs)reported in China,more than 20 were first identified in Yunnan *** is added by this report?This study reported a previously unrecognized HIV-1 CRF(CRF142_BC)characterized by the insertion of four short subtype B fragments into the subtype C ***142_BC was estimated to have emerged in the mid-1990s,close to the time of the emergence of most known CRF_BCs in *** are the implications for public health practice?The discovery of new CRFs will provide a basis for HIV-1 molecular tracing and intervention *** addition,HIV-1 recombination can alter viral biological *** study of HIV-1 gene variants needs to be intensified.

关键词： properties. China. intensified

Temporal and Spatial Trends in HIV Positivity Rate for VCT Clinics—China,2015–2022

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China CDC weekly 2024年第1期6卷 6-11页

作者： Yi Liu Rong Su Dongmin Li Shaorong Wang Mengjie Han National Center for aids/STD control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Introduction:Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)voluntary counseling and testing(VCT)clinics play a critical role in identifying and diagnosing HIV *** study aimed to describe the trend of HIV positivity rate(HPR)among Chinese VCT clinics between 2015 and ***:This study utilized data from the China Information System for Disease control and prevention to analyze the trend in the HPR for VCT clinics from 2015 to *** HPR was calculated by dividing the number of newly-reported HIV cases by the number of HIV tests,multiplied by 100%.To identify temporal and spatial trends in the HPR,we employed joinpoint regression analysis and the Getis-Ord hotspot ***:From 2015 to 2022,VCT clinics in China performed a total of 22,075,386 HIV tests,leading to the identification of 260,353 HIV cases,resulting in a HPR of 1.18%.The HPR consistently declined over the study period,with an average annual percent change(AAPC)of−7.5%(95%confidence interval:−12.6%,−2.2%,Pprovincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs).Among the 31 PLADs,16 showed a significant decrease in HPR during the study period(AAPC<0,PAAPC<0.05).Conclusions:VCT clinics in China have played a significant role in identifying HIV *** declining HPR observed in these clinics may indicates the progress has been made in some degree in mitigating HIV among high-risk ***,it is crucial to further improving the utilization of VCT clinics for HIV testing.

关键词： VCT dividing Spatial

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China CDC weekly 2022年第47期4卷 1043-1050页

作者： Hui Liu Qiyu Zhu Lei Zhang Yujing Liu Peng Xu Maohe Yu Jixiang Fan Xiaohong Pan Xi Chen Huifang Xu Qinying He Mengjie Han National Center for aids/STD control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing MunicipalityChina Chinese Association of STD and aids prevention and control Beijing MunicipalityChina Beijing Chaoyang Kangzhong Health and Education Center Beijing MunicipalityChina Tianjin Center for Disease control and prevention Tianjin MunicipalityChina Jilin provincial Center for Disease control and prevention Changchun CityJilin ProvinceChina Zhejiang provincial Center for Disease control and prevention Hangzhou CityZhejiang ProvinceChina Hunan provincial Center for Disease control and prevention Changsha CityHunan ProvinceChina Guangdong provincial Association of STD and aids prevention and control Guangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina Chengdu Center for Disease control and prevention Chengdu CitySichuan ProvinceChina.

Summary What is already known about this topic?The number of newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)cases among Chinese youth 15–24 years of age shows an upward trend between 2010 and *** is added by this report?This survey is on a larger scale as compared to previous *** shows inadequate HIV knowledge—especially on HIV treatment,self-testing,and postexposure prophylaxis—among college students.A significant gap exists between knowledge and behavior as indicated by the low condom use rate despite a high knowledge level.

关键词： knowledge Attitude testing

Study on the Technical Parameters for Estimating HIV-1 Incidence by Using a Recombinant Antigen-based Capture Enzyme Immunoassay—China

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China CDC weekly 2024年第48期6卷 1278-1282页

作者： Wenli Liang Jibao Wang Hongxia Yan Xinhui Zhang Dorjiwangmo Dongmin Li Xing Duan Hao Wu Yinyin Wang Li Bai Jian Sun Mengjie Han Yikui Wang Bin Su Min Wang Tashibazong Wenge Xing Cui Zhang Ruijuan Qiao Maofeng Qiu National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases National Center for AIDS/STD Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Department of aids/STD control and prevention Dehong Center for Disease Control and PreventionMangshi CountyDehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous PrefectureYunnan ProvinceChina Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/aids Research Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Institute of Infectious Diseases prevention and Treatment Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuiyang CityGuizhou ProvinceChina Department of aids control and prevention Xizang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and PreventionLhasa CityXizang Autonomous RegionChina Experimental Center Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuiyang CityGuizhou ProvinceChina Department of aids control and prevention Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionLanzhou CityGansu ProvinceChina Laboratory Department Liupanshui Center for Disease Control and PreventionLiupanshui CityGuizhou ProvinceChina

Introduction:A novel recombinant antigen-based capture enzyme immunoassay(RAg-CEIA)was optimized and used to determine technical parameters for estimating human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1)incidence in ***:We employed orthogonal experimental design to optimize RAg-CEIA by adjusting raw material dilution *** assay was used to measure normalized optical density(ODn)values in 171 longitudinal plasma specimens from 51 HIV-1 seroconverting individuals,plotted against estimated days *** determined the optimal ODn threshold value for differentiating recent from long-term infections and calculated the mean duration of recent infection(MDRI)for incidence *** false recent rate(FRR)was determined using 481 HIV-1 antibody-positive specimens with infection durations exceeding twice the ***:Optimal RAg-CEIA parameters were established with a raw material dilution ratio of 1/12 for calibrator preparation and an enzyme conjugate titer of 1:*** values demonstrated consistent temporal increases across HIV-1 seroconverting individuals,though with notable kinetic heterogeneity in individual *** optimal ODn threshold value of 0.8 for distinguishing recent from long-term infections corresponded to an MDRI of 205 days and an FRR of 4.78%.Conclusions:The optimized RAg-CEIA effectively differentiates recent from long-term HIV-1 infections at the population level,enabling reliable HIV-1 incidence estimation in China.

关键词： Antigen exceeding false

Spatial Analysis of People Living with HIV/aids Transmitted Through Commercial Heterosexual Contact or Non-Marital Non-Commercial Heterosexual Contact—China,2018

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China CDC weekly 2021年第15期3卷 316-319页

作者： Zhilong Dong Xiaohong Pan Chang Cai Qianqian Qin George F.Gao Fan Lyu National Institute for Viral Disease control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Zhejiang provincial Center for Disease control and prevention HangzhouZhejiangChina National Center for aids/STD control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina.

Summary What is already known about this topic?Significant changes in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)transmission modes have occurred in China,and the proportion of heterosexual transmission increased in recent *** is added by this report?The proportions of diverse transmission routes and subgroups of heterosexual transmission were analyzed by provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs).

关键词： HIV/aids Spatial immunodeficiency

Supervised Analysis of Hepatitis C Virus RNA-Positive Case Reporting in County-Level Hospitals--China,2013−2018

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China CDC weekly 2020年第31期2卷 587-590页

作者： Faxin Hei Guowei Ding Shaodong Ye Hailiang Yu Lin Pang Zhongfu Liu National Center for STD/aids prevention and control Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

What is already known on this topic?To understand the status of the diagnosis and reporting of hepatitis C and standardize the reporting of hepatitis C cases in county-level hospitals,we conducted the first supervised analysis of hepatitis C cases in county-level hospitals in China from 2013 to 2018,covering all provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)except *** is added by this report?Through 6 years of supervision,we have obtained key data such as the nucleic acid detection rate and positive rate of hepatitis C virus(HCV)antibody positive cases in our county-level hospitals,the report rate and accuracy of HCV RNA positive cases,and standardized and improved the hepatitis C case reporting in countylevel hospitals to improve data quality and provide data support for the judgment and estimation of hepatitis C in *** are the implications for public health practice?By strengthening the management and supervision of hepatitis C case reporting,the reporting rate and accuracy of HCV RNA positive cases in county-level hospitals in China had been greatly *** combining the number of HCV antibody tests and the number of viral nucleic acid tests in medical institutions around the country,it was possible to effectively assess the current status of hepatitis C in China and to provide a scientific basis for the development of hepatitis C prevention and treatment measures.

关键词： prevention diagnosis strengthening

The Epidemiological Characteristics of Mpox Cases-China,2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第26期6卷 619-623页

作者： Ruiqi Ren Chao Li Wenqing Bai Yali Wang Dan Li Fan Ding Niu Yan Qi Wang Nijuan Xiang Lianmei Jin Lei Zhou Wenling Wang Fan Lyu Peilong Li Dapeng Zhang Yan Li Quanyi Wang Qun Li Guoqing Shi National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Chinese Center for Disease control and prevention BeijingChina National Institute for Viral Disease control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina National Center for aids/STD control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Guangdong provincial Center for Disease control and prevention Guangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina Beijing Municipal Center for Disease prevention and control BeijingChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Since May 2022,a global outbreak of mpox has emerged in more than 100 non-endemic *** of December 2023,over 90,000 cases had been *** outbreak has predominantly affected men who have sex with men(MSM),with sexual contact identified as the principal mode of *** is added by this report?Since June 2023,China has faced an occurrence of mpox,predominantly affecting the MSM *** 90%of those affected reported engaging in homosexual behavior within 21 days prior to symptom onset,a trend that aligns with the global outbreak *** prompt identification of cases,diligent tracing of close contacts,and the implementation of appropriate management strategies have successfully mitigated the spread of mpox virus in *** are the implications for public health practice?We propose that mpox is transmitted locally within *** from our experiences in controlling the virus spread,it is crucial to investigate and formulate effective surveillance and educational ***,we must encourage high-risk populations to promptly seek medical care upon the onset of symptoms.

关键词： prompt Drawing spread

Benzodiazepines and Amphetamines Use among Methadone Maintenance Participants and Their Associations with Treatment Adherence

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2021年第6期34卷 499-502页

作者： CHENG Zhao DIAO Fei CHEN Guo Hong LIN Chun Qing LI Li WU Zun You CAO Xiao Bin 无 National Center for aids/STD control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China Chinese Center for Disease control and prevention Beijing 102206China Jiangsu provincial Center for Disease control and prevention Nanjing 210000JiangsuChina Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of CaliforniaLos Angeles 90001CAUSA

It has been well documented that methadone maintenance treatment(MMT)can reduce illegal opioid use and drug-related crimes,and decrease the HIV infection risk[1].China initiated its MMT program in 2004,which was rapid... 详细信息

关键词： nationwide initiated treatment