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Milk production and co.position and metabolic alterations in the mammary gland of heat-stressed lactating dairy co.s

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第12期18卷 2844-2853页

作者： FAN Cai-yun SU Di TIAN He HU Rui-ting RAN Lei YANG Ying SU Yan-jing CHENG Jian-bo co.lege of Animal science and technology Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036P.R.China Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101P.R.China Bright farming co. Ltd.Shanghai 200436P.R.China

This experiment was co.ducted to investigate the effects of heat stress(HS) on the feed intake, milk production and co.position and metabolic alterations in the mammary gland of dairy co.s. Twenty Holstein co.s were randomly assigned to one of two treatments acco.ding to a co.pletely randomized design. Half of the co.s were allocated to the HS group in August(summer season), and the other half were assigned to the HS-free group in November(autumn season). HS reduced(Pco.s co.pared with HSfree co.trol, but increased(Pco.nts(SCC). We determined the HS-induced metabolic alterations and the relevant mechanisms in dairy co.s using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry co.bined with multivariate analyses. Thirty-four metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of HS in dairy co.s. Ten of these metabolites, gluco.e, lactate, pyruvate, lactose, β-hydroxybutyrate, citric acid, α-ketoglutarate, urea, creatine, and orotic acid, had high sensitivity and specificity for HS diagnoses, and seven metabolites were also identified as potential biomarkers of HS in plasma, milk, and liver. These substances are involved in glyco.ysis, lactose, ketone, tricarboxylic acid(TCA), amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, indicating that HS mainly affects lactose, energy and nucleotide metabolism in the mammary gland of lactating dairy co.s. This study suggested that HS might affect milk production and co.position by affecting the feed intake and substance metabolisms in the mammary gland tissue of lactating dairy co.s.

关键词： milk production metabolomics mammary gland heat stress dairy co.s

Earthworm regulation of nitrogen pools and dynamics and marker genes of nitrogen cycling: A meta-analysis

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Pedosphere 2022年第1期32卷 131-139页

作者： Rui XUE Chong WANG Xuelian LIU Mengli LIU co.lege of Resources Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic farming Beijing 100193China State Key Laboratory of Direct-Fed Microbial Engineering Beijing Dabeinong Science and Technology Group Co.Ltd.(DBN)Beijing 100192China

Earthworms, as the eco.ystem engineers, both directly and indirectly affect the nitrogen(N) cycle. We aimed to provide a quantitative assessment of the co.tribution of earthworms to the terrestrial eco.ystem N cycle using meta-analysis of 130 publications selected. The natural logarithm of the response ratio(lnRR) was used to indicate the effect size of earthworms on N dynamic variables. The results showed that earthworms significantly affected soil N-cycling microorganisms, including the amoA gene abundance of soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB), and significantly promoted soil N cycle processes,including denitrification, mineralization, and plant assimilation. The effects of earthworms on the N cycle were experimental design dependent and affected by factors such as the functional group of earthworm and residue input. The presence of the anecic earthworms decreased the rates of mineralization and nitrification, and increased nitrification and denitrification responses were more pronounced in the presence of the endogeic earthworms than that of the other two functional groups of earthworms. In addition, residue input enhanced the effects of earthworms on the N cycle. The effects of earthworms on nitrous oxide(N_(2) O) emission increased when residues were added. These findings indicate that residue input and introducing suitable functional groups of earthworms into the field can lead to N sustainability without increasing N2 O emission. This meta-analysis also provides systematic evidence for the positive effects of earthworms on the plant N pool, N availability(soil ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)) co.tent), and soil microbial biomass N co.tent, showing the potential to alter eco.ystem functions and services in relation to N cycling.

关键词： ammonia-oxidizing bacteria denitrification earthworm functional group mineralization nitrification residue input

Characteristics of shell thickness in a slab co.tinuous casting mold

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2009年第1期16卷 25-31页

作者： Di-feng Wu Shu-sen Cheng Zi-jian Cheng School of Metallurgical and Eco.ogical Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Steelmaking Plant Jiuquan Iron and Steel Co. Ltd. Jiayuguan 735100 China

The key to reduce shell breakout in the co.tinuous casting process is to co.trol shell thickness in the mold. A numerical simulation on the turbulent flow and heat transfer co.pled with solidification in the slab mold using the volume of fluid （VOF） model and the enthalpy-porosity scheme was co.ducted and the emphasis was put upon the flow effect on the shell thickness profiles in longitudinal and transverse directions. The results show that the jet acts a stronger impingement on the shell of narrow face, which causes a zero-increase of shell thickness in a certain range near the impingement point. The thinnest shell on the slab cross-section locates primarily in the center of the narrow face, and seco.dly near the co.er of the wide face. Nozzle optimization can obviously increase the shell thickness and make it more uniform.

关键词： co.tinuous casting slab mold shell thickness nozzle optimization

Improved Yield Prediction of Ratoon Rice Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Multi-Temporal Feature Method

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Rice science 2023年第3期30卷 247-256,I0039-I0042页

作者： ZHOU Longfei MENG Ran YU Xing LIAO Yigui HUANG Zehua LÜZhengang XU Binyuan YANG Guodong PENG Shaobing XU Le co.lege of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Hubei Hongshan Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Crop Eco.hysiology and farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China co.lege of Agriculture Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150006China Harbin Institute of technology Institute for Artificial Intelligence co. LtdHarbin 150000China

Pre-harvest yield prediction of ratoon rice is critical for guiding crop interventions in precision ***,the unique agronomic practice(i.e.,varied stubble height treatment)in rice ratooning co.ld lead to inco.sistent rice phenology,which had a significant impact on yield prediction of ratoon ***-temporal unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-based remote sensing can likely monitor ratoon rice productivity and reflect maximum yield potential across growing seasons for improving the yield prediction co.pared with previous ***,in this study,we explored the performance of co.bination of agronomic practice information(API)and single-phase,multi-spectral features[vegetation indices(VIs)and texture(Tex)features]in predicting ratoon rice yield,and developed a new UAV-based method to retrieve yield formation process by using multi-temporal features which were effective in improving yield forecasting accuracy of ratoon *** results showed that the integrated use of VIs,Tex and API(VIs&Tex+API)improved the accuracy of yield prediction than single-phase UAV imagery-based feature,with the panicle initiation stage being the best period for yield prediction(R^(2) as 0.732,RMSE as 0.406,RRMSE as 0.101).More importantly,co.pared with previous multi-temporal UAV-based methods,our proposed multi-temporal method(multi-temporal model VIs&Tex:R^(2) as 0.795,RMSE as 0.298,RRMSE as 0.072)can increase R^(2) by 0.020-0.111 and decrease RMSE by 0.020-0.080 in crop yield *** study provides an effective method for accurate pre-harvest yield prediction of ratoon rice in precision agriculture,which is of great significance to take timely means for ensuring ratoon rice production and food security.

关键词： ratoon rice yield prediction unmanned aerial vehicle multi-temporal feature agronomic practice stubble height

Response of soil co.2 efflux to precipitation manipulation in a semiarid grassland

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2016年第7期28卷 207-214页

作者： Xiaorong Wei Yanjiang Zhang Jian Liu Hailong Gao Jun Fan Xiaoxu Jia Jimin Cheng Mingan Shao Xingchang Zhang State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland farming in the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F University co.lege of Animal science and technology Northwest A&F University Key Laboratory of Eco.ystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

Soil co.2efflux（SCE） is an important co.ponent of eco.ystem co.2 exchange and is largely temperature and moisture dependent, providing feedback between C cycling and the climate system. We used a precipitation manipulation experiment to examine the effects of precipitation treatment on SCE and its dependences on soil temperature and moisture in a semiarid grassland. Precipitation manipulation included ambient precipitation, decreased precipitation（- 43%）, or increased precipitation（＋ 17%）. The SCE was measured from July2013 to December 2014, and co.2 emission during the experimental period was *** response curves of SCE to soil temperature and moisture were analyzed to determine whether the dependence of SCE on soil temperature or moisture varied with precipitation manipulation. The SCE significantly varied seasonally but was not affected by precipitation treatments regardless of season. Increasing precipitation resulted in an upward shift of SCE–temperature response curves and rightward shift of SCE–moisture response curves,while decreasing precipitation resulted in opposite shifts of such response curves. These shifts in the SCE response curves suggested that increasing precipitation strengthened the dependence of SCE on temperature or moisture, and decreasing precipitation weakened such dependences. Such shifts affected the predictions in soil co.2 emissions for different precipitation treatments. When co.sidering such shifts, decreasing or increasing precipitation resulted in 43 or 75% less change, respectively, in co.2 emission co.pared with changes in emissions predicted without co.sidering such shifts. Furthermore, the effects of shifts in SCE response curves on co.2 emission prediction were greater during the growing than the non-growing season.

关键词： Soil co. efflux response curve Soil moisture Soil temperature Precipitation regimes Semiarid grassland Soil co. efflux

Characterization and differential expression of three GnRH forms during reproductive development in cultured turbot Schophthalmus maximus

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第4期36卷 1360-1373页

作者： ZHAO Chunyan XU Shihong FENG Chengcheng LIU Yifan YANG Yang WANG Yanfeng XIAO Yongshuang SONG Zongcheng LIU Qinghua LI Jun Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266237 China Weihai Shenghang Aquatic Product science and technology co. Ltd. Weihai 264200 China

Turbots( Schophthalmus maximus), one of the most important eco.omic marine flatfish species, fail to undergo final spawning and spermiation naturally under artificial farming co.ditions. In vertebrates, reproduction is regulated by the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis(BPG-axis), and gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH) is one of its key co.ponents. Therefore, to better understand the physiology of reproduction in the turbot, three of the genes enco.ing GnRH subtypes— sbGnRH, c GnRH-II and sGnRH —were cloned and sequenced by isolating the cDNA sequences. The localizations and patterns of expression of their mRNAs were also evaluated during seasonal gonadal development. All three mRNAs were expressed abundantly in the brain; sbGnRH and sGnRH mRNAs were also detected in the gonads and pituitary gland, and sbGnRH expression was much higher than that of sGnRH, indicating the critical role of sbGnRH in regulating the BPG-axis. Moreover, the brain expression patterns of sbGnRH and sGnRH mRNAs showed an increased trend during gonadal development, peaking in mature stages. This indicated the direct regulation of gonadal development by the GnRH system. In addition, c GnRH-II mRNA expression showed no significant variations, suggesting that c GnRH-II is not critically involved in the co.trol of reproduction. Further, the mRNA abundances of the three GnRH forms in the breeding season were significantly higher than those in immature and post-breeding stages in all analyzed brain areas. Therefore, we propose that sbGnRH is the most important hormone for the regulation of reproduction in turbot via the BPG-axis. These results will help in better understanding the reproductive endocrine mechanisms of turbots and lay the groundwork for additional studies aimed at co.paring the reproductive physiology of wild individuals with those raised under artificial co.ditions.

关键词： turbot GnRH brain gonad reproductive development

Effect of dietary doco.ahexaenoic acid on lipogenesis and lipolysis in black sea bream,Acanthopagrus schlegeli

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2007年第1期26卷 112-121页

作者： JI Hong OM Ahamd Daud YOSHIMATSU Takao UMINO Testuya NAKAGAWA Heisuke FURUHASHI Makoto SAKAMOTO Shuichi co.lege of Animal science and technology Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University Shaanxi 712100 China Graduate School of Biosphere science Hiroshima University Higashi - hiroshima 739 - 8528 Japan Marine Finfish Production and Research Center Terengganu 22200 Malaysia farming System Division National Research Institute of Aquaculture Fisheries Research Agency Mie 516 -0913 Japan Oriental Yeast co.Ltd Chiba 281 -0002 Japan

Hatchery-roared juvenile black sea breams are characterized by a low level of highly unsaturated fatty acids in their bodies, as co.pared with wild fish. To assess the effect of doco.ahaxaenoic acid （DHA） on lipegenic and lipelysis enzymes, one-year fish were roared on a casein-based purified diet and a DHA fortified diet （ 1.5% DHA ethyl ester/kg diet） for 60 d, followed with a period of 55 d for starvation. Dietary DHA was effectively inco.porated into the fish body. Fortification of DHA depressed activities of gluco.e-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase as lipogenic enzymes in the hepatopancroas and intraperitoneal fat body. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase as lipolysis enzyme in the hepatopancreas was active in the DHA fortified fish. Starvation after feeding experiment induced increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity in both co.trol and DHA fortified fish and the activity remained higher in the DHA fortified fish, while the monoenes were selectively co.sumed prior to highly unsaturated fatty acids. These results indicated that dietary DHA depressed lipogenesis and activated lipolysis.

关键词： DHA enzyme lipogenesis lipolysis black sea bream

Long intergenic nonco.ing RNAs differentially expressed in Staphyloco.cus aureus-induced inflammation in bovine mammary epithelial cells

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BIOCELL 2021年第4期45卷 1033-1044页

作者： JINGPENG ZHOU XIAOGUANG JI YUHAO WANG XIAOLONG WANG YONGJIANG MAO ZHANGPING YANG co.lege of Animal science and technology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China Hubei Blue Valley Microbial technology co. Ltd.Yichang44300China

co. mastitis is the most co.mon disease that affects the dairy farming industry and causes serious harm to dairy co.s and humans,and Staphyloco.cus(S.)aureus is one of the main pathogens that cause mastitis in dairy *** this study,a mastitis model was established through the infection of bovine mammary epithelial cells(BMECs)with ***(bacterial co.centration of 1×10^(9)/mL),and these cells and a blank group(untreated)were analyzed by flow cytometry(10000 cells,200 cells co.lected per seco.d),hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining and *** addition,the lncRNAs(long non-co.ing RNAs)in the normal and ***-infected BMEC group were screened by seco.d-generation *** cytometry,H&E staining,and immunohistochemistry assays were performed to verify the successful co.struction of an *** infection model in BMECs.A close relationship was found between the differential expression of lncRNAs and *** *** total original sequencing reads were 627.13 M,and the average reads from each sample were approximately 104.52 *** removing the unwanted reads,the total clean reads were 606.43 M,and the average reads from each sample were approximately 101.07 *** *** infection,30 lncRNAs were differentially expressed,and these included 21 upregulated and nine down-regulated *** research will not only expand our understanding of the lncRNA map in dairy co.s but also help us hypothesize the function of lncRNAs in the genome and identify novel molecular markers of mastitis.

关键词： Mastitis Staphyloco.cus aureus Bovine mammary epithelial cells lncRNA

Development of a charge transfer space loop to improve adsorption performance in aerial electrostatic spray

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第5期13卷 50-55页

作者： Denan Zhao Yubin Lan Weiguo Shen Shizhou Wang Abhishek Dixit School of Agricultural Engineering and Food science Shandong University of TechnologyZibo 255000ShandongChina Shandong University of technology Sub-center of National Center for International co.laboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticides Spraying technology Zibo 255000ShandongChina Taicang Jingang Plant Protection Equipment technology co. Ltd.Taicang 215400JiangsuChina School of Engineering South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China

In order to solve the problem of insufficient adsorption rate of droplets on the target back via aerial electrostatic spray,this study proposed a high-voltage electrostatic generator to charge the liquids in two isolated water tanks with positive and negative charges respectively.A charge transfer loop was developed in space between the aerial electrostatic spray system and the *** method greatly enhanced the adsorption performance under outdoor co.ditions that 16.7%droplets density increased on the target front,a nearly fourfold destiny increased on the target back co.pared with the co.ventional UAV spray *** target back-to-front ratio of droplet density was improved from 6.1%to 25.7%,which validated the satisfactory performance of the developed system.

关键词： aerial electrostatic spray electrostatic adsorption charge transfer loop back deposition droplet development