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Current Mycoplasma pneumoniae epidemic among children in shanghai:unusual pneumonia caused by usual pathogen

World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期20卷 5-10页

作者： Xiao-Bo Zhang Wen He Yong-Hao Gui Quan Lu Yong Yin Jian-Hua Zhang Xiao-Yan Dong Ying-Wen Wang Ying-Zi Ye Hong Xu Jia-Yu Wang Bing Shen Dan-Ping Gu Li-Bo Wang Yi Wang Department of Respiratory Medicine Children's Hospital of Fudan University399 Wanyuan RoadShanghai 201102China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences Institute of Reproduction&DevelopmentChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Respiratory Medicine Children's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Respiratory Medicine Shanghai Children's Medical CenterAffiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Pediatric Respiratory Xinhua HospitalAffiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Nursing Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Infectious Diseases Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina NHC Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina shanghai shenkang hospital development center ShanghaiChina center for Medical Quality Control Management of shanghai ShanghaiChina Department of Neurology Children's Hospital of Fudan University399Wanyuan RoadShanghai 201102China

Mycoplasma pneumoniae(M.pneumoniae),primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets when infected individuals cough or sneeze,is a common cause of communityacquired pneumonia,especially among school-age children and adolescents.The infection occurs endemically with an epidemic peak every few years.The worldwide incidence confirmed by direct test methods was reported to be 8.61%between 2017 and 2020 across all age groups[1].

关键词： pneumonia epidemic respiratory

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Pathological progression of osteoarthritis:a perspective on subchondral bone

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Frontiers of Medicine 2024年第2期18卷 237-257页

作者： Xuefei Li Wenhua Chen Dan Liu Pinghua Chen Shiyun Wang Fangfang Li Qian Chen Shunyi Lv Fangyu Li Chen Chen Suxia Guo Weina Yuan Pan Li Zhijun Hu Longhua hospital Affiliated to shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai200032China Research and development center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai201203China

Osteoarthritis(OA)is a degenerative bone disease associated with aging.The rising global aging population has led to a surge in OA cases,thereby imposing a significant socioeconomic burden.Researchers have been keenly investigating the mechanisms underlying OA.Previous studies have suggested that the disease starts with synovial inflammation and hyperplasia,advancing toward cartilage degradation.Ultimately,subchondral-bone collapse,sclerosis,and osteophyte formation occur.This progression is deemed as“top to bottom.”However,recent research is challenging this perspective by indicating that initial changes occur in subchondral bone,precipitating cartilage breakdown.In this review,we elucidate the epidemiology of OA and present an in-depth overview of the subchondral bone’s physiological state,functions,and the varied pathological shifts during OA progression.We also introduce the role of multifunctional signal pathways(including osteoprotegerin(OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand(RANKL)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B(RANK),and chemokine(CXC motif)ligand 12(CXCL12)/CXC motif chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4))in the pathology of subchondral bone and their role in the“bottom-up”progression of OA.Using vivid pattern maps and clinical images,this review highlights the crucial role of subchondral bone in driving OA progression,illuminating its interplay with the condition.

关键词： osteoarthritis subchondral bone OPG/RANKL/RANK CXCL12/CXCR4

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Single transmembrane GPCR modulating proteins:neither single nor simple

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Protein & Cell 2024年第6期15卷 395-402页

作者： Meng Wang Jianjun Lyu Chao Zhang Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200011China Hubei Topgene Research Institute of Hubei Topgene Biotechnology Co. LtdEast Lake High-Tech Development ZoneWuhan 430205China Fundamental Research center Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center)Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

The discovery of G-protein coupled receptor(GPCR)accessory proteins has fundamentally redefined the pharmacological concept of GPCR signaling,demonstrating a more complex molecular basis for receptor specificity on the plasma membrane and impressionable downstream intracellular cascades.GPCR accessory proteins not only contribute to the proper folding and trafficking of receptors but also exhibit selectable receptor preferences.

关键词： specificity GPCR neither

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The identification of AMZ2 as a candidate causative gene in a severe teratozoospermia patient characterized by vacuolated spermatozoa

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第1期26卷 107-111页

作者： Liu Liu Jing Yang Wen-Jing Zhang Yi-Ling Zhou Gui-Jun Zhao Ya Huang Shu-Yan Tang Obstetrics and Gynecology hospital Fudan UniversityShanghai 200011China shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases Shanghai 200011China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation center for Genetics and development Department of Computational BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200436China shanghai Towako hospital Shanghai 200131China shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics Shanghai Children's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200040China

Teratozoospermia with cephalic defects is one of the most severe types of sperm defects known to date.While several monogenic factors are linked to cephalic abnormalities,such as globozoospermia and macrozoospermia,the genetic cause of vacuolated spermatozoa remains inadequately described.Here,we analyzed whole-exome sequencing(WES)data for an individual from a consanguineous family with severely vacuolated spermatozoa.The analysis revealed a novel homozygous c.520A>G(p.Thr174Ala)variant in the archaelysin family metallopeptidase 2(AMZ2),a gene that encodes a zinc metalloprotease previously shown to be highly expressed in the testes and sperm.Multiple algorithms predicted this variant to be a damaging mutation.Consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance,this variant was inherited from heterozygous parental carriers.To investigate the potential pathogenicity of the identified variant,we compared the AMZ2 expression in sperm cells from the patient with the AMZ2 variant and from a healthy control.Immunoblot analysis revealed that the homozygous missense variant in AMZ2 abolished AMZ2 expression in the spermatozoa.Our findings reveal a candidate causative gene for vacuolated spermatozoa.

关键词： AMZ2 male infertility sperm quality teratozoospermia

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Emerging mechanisms and implications of c GAS-STING signaling in cancer immunotherapy strategies

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第1期21卷 45-64页

作者： Jiawen Zhang Sihui Yu Qiao Peng Ping Wang Lan Fang Tongji University Cancer center Shanghai Tenth People’s HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai 200072China Reproductive Medicine center Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 201620China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

The intricate interplay between the human immune system and cancer development underscores the central role of immunotherapy in cancer treatment.Within this landscape,the innate immune system,a critical sentinel protecting against tumor incursion,is a key player.The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(c GAS)and stimulator of interferon genes(STING)pathway has been found to be a linchpin of innate immunity:activation of this signaling pathway orchestrates the production of type I interferon(IFN-α/β),thus fostering the maturation,differentiation,and mobilization of immune effectors in the tumor microenvironment.Furthermore,STING activation facilitates the release and presentation of tumor antigens,and therefore is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy.Current strategies to activate the STING pathway,including use of pharmacological agonists,have made substantial advancements,particularly when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors.These approaches have shown promise in preclinical and clinical settings,by enhancing patient survival rates.This review describes the evolving understanding of the c GAS-STING pathway's involvement in tumor biology and therapy.Moreover,this review explores classical and non-classical STING agonists,providing insights into their mechanisms of action and potential for optimizing immunotherapy strategies.Despite challenges and complexities,the c GAS-STING pathway,a promising avenue for enhancing cancer treatment efficacy,has the potential to revolutionize patient outcomes.

关键词： cGAS-STING pathway type I interferon cyclic dinucleotide STING agonist cancer immunotherapy

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TCERG1L hypermethylation is a risk factor of diabetic retinopathy in Chinese children with type 1 diabetes

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第3期17卷 537-544页

作者： Yu Qian Ying Xiao Qiu-Rong Lin Zhao-Yu Xiang Li-Pu Cui Jia-Qi Sun Si-Cong Li Xin-Ran Qin Hai-Dong Zou Chen-Hao Yang Pei-Yao Jin Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai First People’s HospitalShanghai 200080China shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention&Treatment center Shanghai Eye HospitalShanghai 200040China National Clinical Research center for Eye Diseases Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye DiseasesShanghai Key Clinical SpecialtyShanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus DiseasesShanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and PhotomedicineShanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye DiseasesShanghai 200080China Department of Ophthalmology Children’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 201102China

●AIM:To identify the differential methylation sites(DMS)and their according genes associated with diabetic retinopathy(DR)development in type 1 diabetes(T1DM)children.●METHODS:This study consists of two surveys.A total of 40 T1DM children was included in the first survey.Because no participant has DR,retina thinning was used as a surrogate indicator for DR.The lowest 25%participants with the thinnest macular retinal thickness were included into the case group,and the others were controls.The DNA methylation status was assessed by the Illumina methylation 850K array BeadChip assay,and compared between the case and control groups.Four DMS with a potential role in diabetes were identified.The second survey included 27 T1DM children,among which four had DR.The methylation patterns of the four DMS identified by 850K were compared between participants with and without DR by pyrosequencing.●RESULTS:In the first survey,the 850K array revealed 751 sites significantly and differentially methylated in the case group comparing with the controls(|Δβ|>0.1 and Adj.P0.05)between participants with and without DR.●CONCLUSION:The hypermethylation of the TCERG1L gene is a risk factor for DR development in Chinese children with T1DM.

关键词： DNA methylation 850K array pyrosequencing diabetic retinopathy type 1 diabetes children

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Lipid nanovehicles overcome barriers to systemic RNA delivery: Lipid components, fabrication methods, and rational design

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第2期14卷 579-601页

作者： Jing Yan Hao Zhang Guangfeng Li Jiacan Su Yan Wei Can Xu Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Institute of Medicine Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Department of Orthopedics Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200092China Department of Orthopedics Shanghai Zhongye HospitalShanghai 200941China Organoid Research center Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Department of Gastroenterology Changhai HospitalShanghai 200433China

Lipid nanovehicles are currently the most advanced vehicles used for RNA delivery,as demonstrated by the approval of patisiran for amyloidosis therapy in 2018.To illuminate the unique superiority of lipid nanovehicles in RNA delivery,in this review,we first introduce various RNA therapeutics,describe systemic delivery barriers,and explain the lipid components and methods used for lipid nanovehicle preparation.Then,we emphasize crucial advances in lipid nanovehicle design for overcoming barriers to systemic RNA delivery.Finally,the current status and challenges of lipid nanovehicle-based RNA therapeutics in clinical applications are also discussed.Our objective is to provide a comprehensive overview showing how to utilize lipid nanovehicles to overcome multiple barriers to systemic RNA delivery,inspiring the development of more high-performance RNA lipid nanovesicles in the future.

关键词： Lipid nanovehicles RNAtherapeutics Barriers to systemicRNA delivery Lipid components Fabricationmethods Lipid nanovehicledesign Extrahepatictissue targeting Organ tropism

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Anti-metabolic agent pegaspargase plus PD-1 antibody sintilimab for first-line treatment in advanced natural killer T cell lymphoma

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第4期9卷 1665-1674页

作者： Jie Xiong Shu Cheng Xiao Gao Shan-He Yu Yu-Ting Dai Xin-Yun Huang Hui-Juan Zhong Chao-Fu Wang Hong-Mei Yi Hao Zhang Wei-Guo Cao Rong Li Wei Tang Yan Zhao Peng-Peng Xu Li Wang Wei-Li Zhao shanghai Institute of Hematology State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsNational Research Center for Translational Medicine at ShanghaiRuijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Nuclear Medicine Shanghai Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Pathology Shanghai Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Otolaryngology Shanghai Rujin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Radiation Shanghai Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Hematology Navy Medical Center of PLAShanghaiChina Pole de Recherches Sino-Francais en Science du Vivant et Genomique Laboratory of Molecular PathologyShanghaiChina

Natural killer T cell lymphoma(NKTCL)is highly aggressive,with advanced stage patients poorly responding to intensive chemotherapy.To explore effective and safe treatment for newly diagnosed advanced stage NKTCL,we conducted a phase ll study of anti-metabolic agent pegaspargase plus PD-1 antibody sintilimab(NCT04096690).Twenty-two patients with a median age of 51 years(range,24-74)were enrolled and treated with induction treatment of pegaspargase 2500 IU/m2 intramuscularly on day 1 and sintilimab 200 mg intravenously on day 2 for 6 cycles of 21 days,followed by maintenance treatment of sintilimab 200 mg for 28 cycles of 21 days.The complete response and overall response rate after induction treatment were 59%(95%Cl,43-79%)and 68%(95%Cl,47-84%),respectively.With a median follow-up of 30 months,the 2 year progression-free and overall survival rates were 68%(95%Cl,45-83%)and 86%(95%Cl,63-95%),respectively.The most frequently grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia(32%,n=7)and hypofibrinogenemia(18%,n=4),which were manageable and led to no discontinuation of treatment.Tumor proportion score of PD-L1,peripheral blood high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and apolipoprotein A-l correlated with good response,while PD-1 on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and peripheral Treg cells with poor response to pegaspargase plus sintilimab treatment.In conclusion,the chemo-free regimen pegaspargase plus sintilimab was effective and safe in newly diagnosed,advanced stage NKTCL.Dysregulated lipid profle and immunosuppressive signature contributed to treatment resistance,providing an alternative therapeutic approach dual targeting fatty acid metabolism and CTLA-4 in NKTCL.

关键词： killer metabolism lymphoma

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Engineered plant extracellular vesicles for autoimmune diseases therapy

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2857-2873页

作者： Ruina Han Yan Wu Yafei Han Xiangfei Liu Han Liu Jiacan Su Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Organoid Research center Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China National center for Translational Medicine(shanghai)SHU Branch Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Department of Orthopedics Shanghai Zhongye HospitalShanghai 200941China Department of Orthopedics Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200092China

Autoimmune diseases(AID)encompass a diverse array of conditions characterized by immune system dysregulation,resulting in aberrant responses of B cells and T cells against the body’s own healthy tissues.Plant extracellular vesicles(PEVs)are nanoscale particles enclosed by phospholipid bilayers,secreted by plant cells,which facilitate intercellular communication by transporting various bioactive molecules.Due to their nanoscale structure,safety,abundant sources,low immunogenicity,high yield,biocompatibility,and effective targeting of the colon and liver,PEVs are regarded as a promising platform for the treatment of AID.This review provides a comprehensive summary of PEV biogenesis,physicochemical and biological properties,internalization mechanisms,isolation methods,and their applications in various diseases,with a specific focus on their potential roles in AID.Additionally,we propose engineering approaches and administration methods for PEVs.Finally,we present an overview of the advantages and challenges associated with utilizing PEVs for the treatment of AID.By gaining a comprehensive understanding of PEVs,we anticipate the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for AID.Natural and engineered PEVs hold substantial promise as a valuable resource for innovative technologies in AID treatment.

关键词： autoimmune diseases plant extracellular vesicles extracellular vesicles engineering modification

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Trends and hotspots in gastrointestinal neoplasms risk assessment: A bibliometric analysis from 1984 to 2022

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第6期16卷 2842-2861页

作者： Qiang-Qiang Fu Le Ma Xiao-Min Niu Hua-Xin Zhao Xu-Hua Ge Hua Jin De-Hua Yu Sen Yang Department of General Practice Yangpu HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai 200090China shanghai General Practice and Community Health development Research center Shanghai 200090China Department of shanghai Lung Cancer center Shanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200030China Department of Oncology Shanghai Tenth People’s HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200090China

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal neoplasm(GN)significantly impact the global cancer burden and mortality,necessitating early detection and treatment.Understanding the evolution and current state of research in this field is vital.AIM To conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of publications from 1984 to 2022 to elucidate the trends and hotspots in the GN risk assessment research,focusing on key contributors,institutions,and thematic evolution.METHODS This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of data from the Web of Science Core Collection database using the"bibliometrix"R package,VOSviewer,and CiteSpace.The analysis focused on the distribution of publications,contributions by institutions and countries,and trends in keywords.The methods included data synthesis,network analysis,and visualization of international collaboration networks.RESULTS This analysis of 1371 articles on GN risk assessment revealed a notable evolution in terms of research focus and collaboration.It highlights the United States'critical role in advancing this field,with significant contributions from institutions such as Brigham and Women's hospital and the National Cancer Institute.The last five years,substantial advancements have been made,representing nearly 45%of the examined literature.Publication rates have dramatically increased,from 20 articles in 2002 to 112 in 2022,reflecting intensified research efforts.This study underscores a growing trend toward interdisciplinary and international collaboration,with the Journal of Clinical Oncology standing out as a key publication outlet.This shift toward more comprehensive and collaborative research methods marks a significant step in addressing GN risks.CONCLUSION This study underscores advancements in GN risk assessment through genetic analyses and machine learning and reveals significant geographical disparities in research emphasis.This calls for enhanced global collaboration and integration of artificial intelligence to improve cancer prevention and treatment accuracy,ultimately enha

关键词： Gastrointestinal neoplasms Bibliometric analysis Risk assessment Network analysis Research trends

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