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Solution‑Processed Thin Film Transparent Photovoltaics:Present Challenges and Future Development

Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 566-600页

作者： Tianle Liu Munerah M.S.Almutairi Jie Ma Aisling Stewart Zhaohui Xing Mengxia Liu Bo Hou Yuljae Cho UM-SJTU Joint institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People’s Republic of China School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff UniversityCardiff CF243AAWalesUK Department of electrical and Computer Engineering Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06511USA Energy Sciences institute Yale UniversityWest HavenCT 06516USA Future Photovoltaics research Center Global Institute of Future TechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People’s Republic of China

electrical energy is essential for modern society to sustain economic *** soaring demand for the electrical energy,together with an awareness of the environmental impact of fossil fuels,has been driving a shift towards the utilization of solar ***,traditional solar energy solutions often require extensive spaces for a panel installation,limiting their practicality in a dense urban *** overcome the spatial constraint,researchers have developed transparent photovoltaics(TPV),enabling windows and facades in vehicles and buildings to generate electric *** TPV advancements are focused on improving both transparency and power output to rival commercially available silicon solar *** this review,we first briefly introduce wavelength-and non-wavelengthselective strategies to achieve *** of merit and theoretical limits of TPVs are discussed to comprehensively understand the status of current TPV *** we highlight recent progress in different types of TPVs,with a particular focus on solution-processed thin-film photovoltaics(PVs),including colloidal quantum dot PVs,metal halide perovskite PVs and organic *** applications of TPVs are also reviewed,with emphasis on agrivoltaics,smart windows and ***,current challenges and future opportunities in TPV research are pointed out.

关键词： Transparent semiconductors Solution-processable transparent solar cell Emerging solar cell materials Buildingintegrated photovoltaics

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Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a: A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 222-240页

作者： Wenda Zhang Weimin Yuan Zhixing Ling Yong Chen Nanda Rea Arne Rau Zhiming Cai Huaqing Cheng Francesco Coti Zelati Lixin Dai Jingwei Hu Shumei Jia Chichuan Jin Dongyue Li Paul O’Brien Rongfeng Shen Xinwen Shu Shengli Sun Xiaojin Sun Xiaofeng Wang Lei Yang Bing Zhang Chen Zhang Shuang-Nan Zhang Yonghe Zhang Jie An David Buckley Alexis Coleiro Bertrand Cordier Liming Dou Rob Eyles-Ferris Zhou Fan Hua Feng Shaoyu Fu Johan P.U.Fynbo Lluis Galbany Saurabh W.Jha Shuaiqing Jiang Albert Kong Erik Kuulkers Weihua Lei Wenxiong Li Bifang Liu Mingjun Liu Xing Liu Yuan Liu Zhu Liu Chandreyee Maitra Alessio Marino Itumeleng Monageng Kirpal Nandra Jeremy Sanders Roberto Soria Lian Tao Junfeng Wang Song Wang Tinggui Wang Zhongxiang Wang Qingwen Wu Xuefeng Wu Dong Xu Yanjun Xu Suijian Xue Yongquan Xue Zijian Zhang Zipei Zhu Hu Zou Congying Bao Fansheng Chen Houlei Chen Tianxiang Chen Wei Chen Yehai Chen Yifan Chen Chenzhou Cui Weiwei Cui Yanfeng Dai Dongwei Fan Ju Guan Dawei Han Dongjie Hou Haibo Hu Maohai Huang Jia Huo Zhenqing Jia Bowen Jiang Ge Jin Chengkui Li Junfei Li Longhui Li Maoshun Li Wei Li Zhengda Li Tianying Lian Congzhan Liu Heyang Liu Huaqiu Liu Fangjun Lu Laidan Luo Jia Ma Xuan Mao Haiwu Pan Xin Pan Liming Song Hui Sun Yunyin Tan Qingjun Tang Yihan Tao Hao Wang Juan Wang Lei Wang Wenxin Wang Yilong Wang Yusa Wang Qinyu Wu Haitao Xu Jingjing Xu Xinpeng Xu Yunfei Xu Zhao Xu Changbin Xue Yulong Xue Ailiang Yan Haonan Yang Xiongtao Yang Yanji Yang Juan Zhang Mo Zhang Wenjie Zhang Zhen Zhang Zhen Zhang Ziliang Zhang Donghua Zhao Haisheng Zhao Xiaofan Zhao Zijian Zhao Hongyan Zhou Yilin Zhou Yuxuan Zhu Zhencai Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences institute of Space Sciences (ICE) CSIC Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) Max Planck institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics University of Hong Kong School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leicester School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen University Department of Physics Anhui Normal University shanghai institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Physics Department Tsinghua University Nevada Center for Astrophysics University of Nevada Las Vegas Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las Vegas South African Astronomical Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Cape Town Department of Physics University of the Free State Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie Université Paris Cité CEA Paris-Saclay IRFU/DAp-AIM Department of Astronomy Guangzhou University Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) Niels Bohr institute University of Copenhagen Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers the State University of New Jersey institute for Cosmic Ray research The University of Tokyo ESA/ESTEC Department of Astronomy School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Sydney institute for Astronomy School of Physics The University of Sydney Department of Astronomy Xiamen University institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China institute of Deep Space Sciences Deep Space Exploration Laboratory Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chi

We report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient,EP240408a,by Einstein Probe （EP） and follow-up studies made with EP,Swift,NICER,GROND,ATCA and other ground-based multiwavelength *** new transient was first detected with Wide-field X-ray Telescope （WXT） on board EP on April 8th,2024,manifested in an intense yet brief X-ray flare lasting for *** flare reached a peak flux of 3.9×10-9erg cm-2s-1in 0.5-4 ke V,～300 times brighter than the underlying X-ray emission detected throughout the *** and more precise follow-up observations by EP/FXT,Swift and NICER confirmed the finding of this new *** X-ray spectrum is non-thermal in 0.5-10 ke V,with a power-law photon index varying *** X-ray light curve shows a plateau lasting for ～4 d,followed by a steep decay till becoming undetectable ～10 d after the initial *** on its temporal property and constraints from previous EP observations,an unusual timescale in the range of 7-23 d is found for EP240408a,which is intermediate between the commonly found fast and long-term *** counterparts have been found in optical and near-infrared,with the earliest observation at 17 h after the initial X-ray detection,suggestive of intrinsically weak emission in these *** demonstrate that the remarkable properties of EP240408a are inconsistent with any of the transient types known so far,by comparison with,in particular,jetted tidal disruption events,gamma-ray bursts,X-ray binaries and fast blue optical *** nature of EP240408a thus remains an *** suggest that EP240408a may represent a new type of transients with intermediate timescales of the order of～10 *** detection and follow-ups of more of such objects are essential for revealing their origin.

关键词： X-ray transients ${\bm~{Einstein~~Probe}}$

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SUMMARY OF CHINA-MADE X-RAY THICKNESS GAUGES FOR STEEL INDUSTRIES

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 1993年第2期4卷 86-90页

作者：乐茂生花宗正 shanghai electrical Apparatus research institute Shanghai 200063 China

There are two kinds of China- made X- ray thickness gaugemeters i.e. dual beam- dual detector system and single beam- single detector system- SM series, the latter is used dominantly in Chinese steel industries. The performance comparison between domestic and foreign instruments as well as its developments and applications is presented in this paper.

关键词： X- ray thickness gaugemeters Uses Performance Performance testing Steels Industrial plants Working conditions

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Introduction of 35-kV kilometer-scale high-temperature superconducting cable demonstration project in shanghai

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Superconductivity 2022年第2期2卷 1-6页

作者： Xi Hua Zong Yun Wu Han Chong Qi Huang shanghai International Superconducting Technology Co. LtdShanghai 200444China shanghai Electric cable research institute shanghai 200093 China

In December 2021,the 35-kV kilometer-level high-temperature superconducting(HTS)demonstration cable was officially connected to the grid in Xuhui District,shanghai,China.A three-in-one HTS cable with a rated current of 2.2 kA,which replaces four-parallel lines XLPE cables,has been used in this *** cable powers one of the busiest districts of shanghai and serves to demonstrate and study the stability and reliability of a superconducting cable in the municipal power *** project officially started in February 2019,and the type test of the prototype cable system was completed in November *** commissioning test will be completed in November *** paper introduces the main operating parameters,relevant research studies,and tests of this project.

关键词： Kilometer-scale superconducting cable High temperature superconductor Urban grid High power density

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Systematic protective scheme for mega‐city power systems against stray currents caused by metro systems

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High Voltage 2023年第5期8卷 943-953页

作者： Yujun Guo Qing Du Yijie Liu Feng Yang Lu Chen Xueqin Zhang Song Xiao Chunmao Li Guangning Wu The School of electrical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengduChina The State Grid shanghai Electric Power research institute ShanghaiChina

In modern megacities,stray currents from metro systems intrude into multiple transformers'neutral points becoming a potential threat to the high‐capacity *** current anomalies are exacerbated in unprotected substations when we instal guards at single *** paper presents a system protection strategy for multiple substations affected by stray currents in modern *** model,taking shanghai as an example,includes the spatial distribution information of the urban electrical energy transmission structure,the power system,and the metro system.A Particle swarm algorithm is used to calculate the resistance values of the devices for each *** stability tests are performed to select the optimal protection *** results show that when protection is considered as a system,the protection runs well and the neutral current level remains below the unprotected level when the protection fails at a single station or multiple stations.

关键词： protected neutral protective

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The study of intelligent algorithm in particle identification of heavy-ion collisions at low and intermediate energies

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第2期35卷 170-182页

作者： Gao-Yi Cheng Qian-Min Su Xi-Guang Cao Guo-Qiang Zhang School of Electronic and electrical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering ScienceShanghai 201620China shanghai Advanced research institute Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201210China shanghai institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China

Traditional particle identification methods face timeconsuming,experience-dependent,and poor repeatability challenges in heavy-ion collisions at low and intermediate *** urgently need solutions to the dilemma of traditional particle identification *** study explores the possibility of applying intelligent learning algorithms to the particle identification of heavy-ion collisions at low and intermediate *** intelligent algorithms,including XgBoost and TabNet,were selected to test datasets from the neutron ion multi-detector for reaction-oriented dynamics(NIMROD-ISiS)and Geant4 ***-based machine learning algorithms and deep learning algorithms *** show excellent performance and generalization *** additional data features besides energy deposition can improve the algorithm’s performance when the data distribution is *** learning algorithms can be applied to solve the particle identification problem in heavy-ion collisions at low and intermediate energies.

关键词： Heavy-ion collisions at low and intermediate energies Machine learning Ensemble learning algorithm Particle identification Data imbalance

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Drag reduction characteristics and flow field analysis of textured surface

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Friction 2016年第2期4卷 165-175页

作者： Qingshun BAI Jinxuan BAI Xiangpan MENG Chengcheng JI Yingchun LIANG School of Mechanical and electrical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China shanghai Satellite Equipment research institute Shanghai 200000 China

A textured surface with a micro-groove structure exerts a distinct characteristic on drag reduction behavior. The fluid dynamic models of four textured surfaces are constructed in various profile geometries. Computational fluid dynamics is used to study the friction factors and drag reduction properties with various flow speeds on the textured surfaces. The friction coefficient varieties in the interface between the fluid and the textured surface are examined according to the simulation of the four geometries with V-shaped, saw tooth, rectangular, and semi-circular sections. The drag reduction efficiencies decrease with the increase in water velocity while it is less than a certain value. Moreover, the simulation results of the velocity, shear stress, energy, and turbulence effect on the V-shaped groove surface are presented in comparison with those of the smooth surface to illustrate the drag reduction mechanism. The results indicate that the peaks of the V-shaped grooves inhibit the lateral movement of the turbulent flow and generate the secondary vortex, which plays a key role in the impeding momentum exchange, thereby decreasing turbulent bursting intensity and reducing shear stress in the near-wall flow field. The kinetic energy and turbulence analysis shows that the vortex in the near-wall flow field on the textured surface is more stable compared to that on the smooth surface.

关键词： textured surface drag reduction micro-groove computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

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Feedback analysis and design of inductive power links driven by Class-E amplifiers with variable coupling coefficients

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and Electronics) 2010年第8期11卷 629-636页

作者： Tian-liang YANG Chun-yu ZHAO Da-yue CHEN institute of Intelligent Mechatronics research School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China

The efficiency of inductive power links driven by Class-E amplifiers may deteriorate due to variation in the coupling coefficient when the relative position of the radio frequency (RF) coils *** solve this problem,a new design methodology of power links is presented in this *** aim of the new design is to use the feedback signal,which is a phase difference between the driving signal and the output current of the Class-E amplifier,to adjust the duty cycle and angular frequency of the driving signal to maintain the optimum state of the inductive power link,and to adjust the supply voltage to keep the output power constant when the coupling coefficient of the RF coils *** parameter adjustments with respect to the coupling coefficient and the feedback signal are derived from the design equation of the inductive power *** validate the feedback control rules,a prototype of the inductive power link was constructed,and its performance validated with the coupling coefficient set at 0.2 and a duty cycle of *** experimental results showed that,by adjusting the duty cycle,the angular frequency,and the supply voltage,the power link can be kept in optimal operation with a constant output power when the coupling coefficient changes from 0.2 to 0.1 to 0.25.

关键词： Inductive power link Closed-loop Class-E amplifier High efficient Variable coupling coefficient

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Improving IEC thermal model for oil natural air natural transformers using optimised parameters based on dynamic simulation

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High Voltage 2024年第1期9卷 217-229页

作者： Lijing Zhang Yingting Luo Gehao Sheng Zizhan Ni Xiuchen Jiang Department of electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Electric Power research institute of Guangdong Power Grid Corporation GuangzhouChina

Accurate assessment of hot-spot temperature is essential for the safe operation of power *** dynamic thermal models cannot estimate hot-spot temperature accurately since some input parameters are roughly determined by transformer capacity and cooling mode while ignoring the effect of winding structure,tank dimensions,and material physical *** improve the accuracy of temperature assessment,empirical parameters of the IEC thermal model including thermal constants,winding and oil exponents are optimised with the help of numerical simulation in this *** on energy conservation and heat transfer theory,a computational fluid dynamic(CFD)model of a transformer in oil natural air natural(ONAN)cooling mode is *** CFD model simulates the entity's structure,sizes,and multi-stage heat dissipation processes realistically,so it can more precisely calculate the dynamic hot-spot *** to the simulated temperature curves at different operating conditions,the thermal constants and oil exponent are estimated using non-linear regression,and the winding exponent is optimised using linear regression.A case study is conducted on an ONAN *** shows the improved IEC model with optimised parameters can more accurately evaluate hot-spot temperature,and the absolute error is decreased by 2.4 K(38.7%)compared with traditional thermal models.

关键词： temperature properties. thermal

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Dynamic Load Restoration Considering the Interdependencies Between Power Distribution Systems and Urban Transportation Systems

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2020年第4期6卷 772-781页

作者： Ying Wang Yin Xu Jiaxu Li Chen Li Jinghan He Jiayu Liu Qiqi Zhang School of electrical Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University(BJTU)Beijing 100044China State Grid shanghai electrical Power Company research institute Shanghai 200437China

After a major outage,mobile emergency resources(MERs)can be dispatched via the transportation system(TS)for service restoration to critical loads in the power distribution system(PDS).In this case study,the efficiency of service restoration in the PDS is associated with the traffic efficiency of the TS,and vice versa,because the PDS and TS are mutually coupled through traffic lights and *** paper proposes a service restoration method considering interdependency between the PDS and TS,which is formulated as a mixed-integer linear program(MILP).The objective includes maximizing the efficiency of both PDS restoration and *** solving the MILP,the dynamic load restoration and MER dispatch strategies can be *** the PDS,the availability of MERs,including mobile sources and repair crews,relates to their dispatch in the TS,and their relationship is formulated as mathematical *** the TS,the dynamic traffic flow is modeled using the cell transmission model and the effect of traffic lights is *** studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Mobile emergency resources power distribution systems resilience service restoration urban transportation systems

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