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Impacts of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and avian influenza on U.S. meat demand

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第6期14卷 1130-1141页

作者： Jianhong E Mu Bruce A McCarl Amy Hagerman David Bessler department of Applied Economics Oregon State University department of Agricultural Economics Texas A&M University Center for epidemiology and Animal health Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture

This paper examines the U.S. meat demand impacts of the announced outbreaks of bovine spongiform encephalopathy（BSE） and avian influenza（AI）. Findings indicate that beef and chicken demand was negatively affected by BSE and AI disease outbreaks. Specifically, in the short run, U.S. consumers shift demand due to both outbreaks but more so due to domestic disease outbreaks than for outbreaks occurring overseas-the impact of U.S. AI outbreaks is about 0.5% for beef and the impact of U.S. BSE cases is around –0.42% for beef and 0.4% for pork, respectively. Regarding the BSE shock on meat demand, there is a high rate of beef demand adjusted from disturbance to the long-run equilibrium and a lower adjustment rate for chicken demand because of the repeated outbreaks of AI worldwide. In the long run, information related to severe, persistently recurring overseas animal disease outbreaks changes U.S. consumers＇ meat consumption patterns. Although effects of animal diseases on U.S. meat demand were statistically significant, the magnitudes were small-the impact of WHO reported human death numbers for AI is 0.005% for beef, –0.002% for pork, and –0.006% for chicken and the impact of U.S. BSE cases is 1.1% for pork and –0.7% for chicken.

关键词： spongiform avian chicken bovine encephalopathy overseas disturbance adjustment pathogenic deaths

Physical Activity and Different Recommendations Associated with the Dynamic Trajectory of Cardiometabolic Diseases-UK,2006-2021

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China CDC weekly 2022年第51期4卷 1154-1160,I0001-I0004页

作者： Lan Chen Miao Cai Hongtao Zou Shiyu Zhang Xiaojie Wang Haitao Li Hualiang Lin Zilong Zhang department of epidemiology School of Public HealthSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina department of Social Medicine and health service Management Health Science CenterShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina

What is already known about this topic?Previous studies have illustrated the benefits of physical activity on cardiometabolic multimorbidity(CMM),while limited studies have concentrated on the trajectory of CMM *** is added by this report?Through multi-stage regression analysis,we found that physical activity could reduce the risk of CMM *** initially free of cardiometabolic diseases(CMDs)may benefit more from engaging in recommended physical *** are the implications for public health practice?Adults,especially those initially free of CMDs,should engage in WHO-recommended physical activity as early as possible to prevent CMD incidence and further progression.

关键词： CMD CMM Dynamic

Epidemiological Survey of the Prevalence of Non-fatal Injury among Children Aged 5-14 Years in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2012年第4期25卷 407-412页

作者： HU Ming HU Guo Qing SUN Zhen Qiu HE Xiang department of epidemiology and health Statistics School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangsha 410078HunanChina

Objective To determine the prevalence of non-fatal injuries among children aged 5-14 years in China. Methods Data of 21 973 children aged 5-14 years were extracted from the Fourth National health service Survey of China carried out between June 15 and July 10, 2008. Injury-related indicators included： history of ever having had an injury, and injury frequency, cause, location and severity. Results The overall prevalence of non-fatal injuries among the children in the previous 12 months was 17.0 per 1000 subjects. The leading causes of non-fatal injuries were falls, animal bites, traffic accidents, falling objects and burns. The majority of children sustained only one injury. The main place of injury was at home in 40% and 54% of urban boys and girls, respectively, at school in 48% of rural boys, and at home and at school each in 33% of rural girls. Medical treatment for one day was the main option for 80% of urban boys and girls, 84% of rural boys, and 72% of rural girls. Conclusion Nonfatal injuries among children aged 5-14 years are a serious public health concern in China.

关键词： Injury Non-fatal Child Prevalence Geographical location

Current situation and challenge of registry in China

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Frontiers of Medicine 2014年第3期8卷 294-299页

作者： Yang Zhang Yuji Feng Zhi Qu Yali Qi Siyan Zhan department of epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Peking University Health Science Centre Beijing 100191 China Pfizer Investment Co. Ltd. Beijing 100010 China department of epidemiology School of Public Health Beihua University Jilin 132001China

Increasing emphasis has been placed on registries for an organized system used in developing clinical research to improve health care. China has sufficient data that can be applied broadly, but the heterogeneity and irregularity of registries limit their applicability. This article aims to describe the status of registries in China and the related challenges. Patient registries for observational studies were retrieved from the International Clinical Trials Registry to quantitatively evaluate the number of comparatively high-quality registries in China. A literature search was also performed to provide support and updates. A total of 64 patient registries were retrieved from *** using disease, product, and health service as criteria. The sample sizes ranged from 15 to 30 400, with only 12 registries marked as completed. This article describes and compares the detailed information in many aspects. The efficient use of registries has already made considerable progress in China; however, registries still require standardization, high-quality transition, and coordinated development.

关键词： Chinese registry study patient registries observational study

Medical Consultations Option and Influencing Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Infected Individuals-Beijing Municipality,China,December 2022

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China CDC weekly 2023年第26期5卷 572-578,I0003-I0005页

作者： Mingyue Li Jue Liu Ming Du Chen Wang Yafang Huang Wentao Li Tong Xiang Jingwei Zhao Xiaoli Zhu Xinying Dong Hao Wu Shugang Li School of General Practice and Continuing Education Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina department of epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina Beijing Community health service Association BeijingChina School of Public health Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?In December 2022,China revised its epidemic prevention and control strategy,leading to an increase in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases and a peak in medical *** departments implemented relevant policies to coordinate and allocate medical resources throughout ***,there is a scarcity of research on the status of medical consultations and the factors influencing them.

关键词： Influencing China. prevention

Pathway-based Analysis Tools for Complex Diseases: A Review

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2014年第5期12卷 210-220页

作者： Lv Jin Xiao-Yu Zuo Wei-Yang Su Xiao-Lei Zhao Man-Qiong Yuan Li-Zhen Han Xiang Zhao Ye-Da Chen Shao-Qi Rao Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology School of Public HealthGuangdong Medical College department of Medical Statistics and epidemiology School of Public Health Sun Yat-Sen University Community health service Management Center of Panyu District department of Statistical Sciences School of Mathematics and Computational Science Sun Yat-Sen University

Genetic studies are traditionally based on single-gene analysis. The use of these analyses can pose tremendous challenges for elucidating complicated genetic interplays involved in complex human diseases. Modern pathway-based analysis provides a technique, which allows a comprehen- sive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying complex diseases. Extensive studies uti- lizing the methods and applications for pathway-based analysis have significantly advanced our capacity to explore large-scale omics data, which has rapidly accumulated in biomedical fields. This article is a comprehensive review of the pathway-based analysis methods the powerful methods with the potential to uncover the biological depths of the complex diseases. The general concepts and procedures for the pathway-based analysis methods are introduced and then, a comprehensive review of the major approaches for this analysis is presented. In addition, a list of available path- way-based analysis software and databases is provided. Finally, future directions and challenges for the methodological development and applications of pathway-based analysis techniques are dis- cussed. This review will provide a useful guide to dissect complex diseases.

关键词： Complex disease Pathway-based analysisAlgorithms Software and databases

Melamine Nephrotoxicity is Mediated by Hyperuricemia

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2015年第12期28卷 904-912页

作者： ZHANG Long LI Hong Tian WANG Lin Lin TRACHTMAN Howard TRASANDE Leonardo WANG Pei Xin LIU Jian Meng Institute of Reproductive and Child health/Ministry of health Key Laboratory of Reproductive health Peking University Health Science Center department of epidemiology and health Statistics School of Public HealthPeking University Health Science Center departments of Pediatrics Environmental Medicine and Population HealthNew York University School of Medicine NYU Wagner School of Public service NYU Steinhardt School of Culture Education and Human Development

Objective We tested whether melamine nephrotoxicity was exacerbated by urate(a typical component of renal stones in humans)in rats with hyperuricemiainduced by the uricase inhibitor,potassium oxonate(Oxo).Methods Rats were exposed to melamine or Oxo alone or combinations of melamine(200-400 mg/kg)and Oxo(200-600 mg/kg)for 3 consecutive *** injury was evaluated by renal biochemical functions,histomorphology,and lipid *** crystals were analyzed for their *** Nephrotoxicity was minimal in animals administered melamine or Oxo alone,but it was demonstrable in animals administered at least 800 mg/kg of the two compounds *** rats in the 400+600(melamine+Oxo)and 400+400 mg/kg groups and 4 out of 6 in the 200+600 mg/kg group died within 3 days;no rat died in the 200+400 or 200+200 mg/kg ***-dependent renal damage resembling clinical findings in affected patients was observed in rats administered the two *** composition determination revealed the existence of melamine and uric acid in the affected kidneys,resembling human *** Our findings suggest that uric acid plays a key role in melamine-related kidney injury in *** studies should consider uric acid together with melamine when examining adverse effects in humans.

关键词： Melamine Nephrotoxicity Hyperuricemia Urolithiasis

Relationship between Ambient Fine Particles and Ventricular Repolarization Changes and Heart Rate Variability of Elderly People with Heart Disease in Beijing, China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第8期26卷 629-637页

作者： XU Mei Mei JIA Yu Ping LI Guo Xing LIU Li Qun MO Yun Zheng JIN Xiao Bin PAN Xiao Chuan department of Occupational and Environmental health School of Public Health Peking University Institute of Environmental health Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention Institute of epidemiology German Research Center for Environmental Health

Objective To explore the effects of particulate matters less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter （PM2.5） on heart repolarization/depolarization and heart rate variability （HRV）. Methods We conducted a panel study for elderly subjects with heart disease in Beijing from 2007 to 2008. PM2.5 was measured at a fixed station for 20 h continuously each day while electrocardiogram （ECG） indexes of 42 subjects were also recorded repeatedly. Meteorological data was obtained from the China Meteorological Data Sharing service System. A mixed linear regression model was used to estimate the associations between PMz.s and the ECG indexes. The model was adjusted for age, body mass index, sex, day of the week and meteorology. Results Significant adverse effects of PM2.5 on ECG indexes reflecting HRV were observed statistically and the strongest effect of PM2.s on HRV was on lag i day in our study. However, there were no associations between PM2.5 and ECG indexes reflecting heart repolarization/depolarization. Additionally, the effects of PM2.5 on subjects with hypertension were larger than on the subjects without hypertension. Conclusion This study showed ambient PM2.5could affect cardiac autonomic function of the elderly people with heart disease, and subjects with hypertension appeared to be more susceptive to the autonomic dysfunction induced by PM2.5.

关键词： PM2.5 Repolarization Heart rate variability Elderly Panel study

Attempt to calculate the prevalence and features of chronic hepatitis C infection in Tuscany using administrative data

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第44期22卷 9829-9835页

作者： Caterina Silvestri Simone Bartolacci Pasquale Pepe Mirko Monnini Fabio Voller Francesco Cipriani Cristina Stasi Observatory of epidemiology Regional Health Agency of Tuscany department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of Florence

AIM To evaluate this prevalence in Tuscan populations that was known and unknown to the Tuscan Regional health service in *** Tuscan health administrative data were used to evaluate hepatitis C virus(HCV) infected people known to the Regional health service. Residents in Tuscany with a HCV exemption code(070.54) were identified. Using the universal code attributed to each resident, these patients were matched with hospital admission codes identified by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision(ICD-9), Clinical Modification, and with codes for dispensing drugs to patients by local and hospital pharmacies. Individuals were considered only once. Capture-recapture analysis was used to evaluate the HCV-infected population unknown to the Regional health *** In total, 14526 individuals were living on 31/12/2015 with an exemption code for HCV. In total, 9524 patients were treated with pegylated interferon + ribavirin and/or direct-acting antiviral drugs during the last 10 years, and 13879 total hospital admissions were noted in the last 15 years. After data linkage, the total number was 25918. After applying the Capture-Recapture analysis, the number of unknown HCV-infected people was 23497. Therefore, the total number of chronic HCVinfected people was 38643, excluding those achieved sustained virological response to previous *** Our results show a prevalence of HCV infected people of 1%. Tuscan administrative data could be useful for calculating health care costs and health planning in the coming years.

关键词： Hepatitis C Public health Fibrosis Antiviral treatment epidemiology