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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2697-2699页

作者： Francisco M.Nadal-Nicolás Kiyoharu J.Miyagishima Wei Li Retinal Neurophysiology section National Eye InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

The retina is a highly specialized neural tissue that encodes information of vision,a vital sensory modality for most species.Although the retina also contributes to other non‐image‐forming signals(e.***.entrainment of circadian clocks),vision chiefly enables animals to interpret and navigate their environment(despite the diverse variety of species and lifestyles;Baden et al.,2020)and also to interact with other animals.Thus,features such as high visual resolution and color discrimination are important for interactive behaviors like prey capture and also for social animals,including primates,that establish a dominance hierarchy.Among vertebrates,the laminar structure of the retina is notably conserved.The photoreceptor layer(rods and cones)initiates the process of converting light energy into nerve impulses by absorbing photons and transferring the signals to interneurons.

关键词： laminar enable absorbing

Schnitzler syndrome and Schnitzler-like syndromes

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第10期135卷 1190-1202页

作者： Cong-Qiu Chu Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases Oregon Health&Science University and Rheumatology SectionVA Portland Health Care SystemPortlandOR 97239USA

Schnitzler syndrome is a rare disease of adult-onset with main features including chronic urticarial rash, recurrent fever, arthralgia or arthritis, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and marked systemic inflammation. Schnitzler syndrome is often underdiagnosed. Patients with Schnitzler syndrome may present to dermatologists and allergists for urticaria, hematologists for MGUS, or rheumatologists for arthritis. It is important to recognize Schnitzler syndrome for its remarkable response to interleukin (IL)-1 blockade. Besides, many cases of Schnitzler-like syndromes do not meet the diagnostic criteria of classical Schnitzler syndrome but display excellent response to IL-1 inhibitors. The overly produced IL-1 is the result of a somatic mosaic gain of function mutation ofNLRP3 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain [NOD]-like receptor [NLR] family pyrin domain containing 3) gene in some patients with Schnitzler-like syndromes. Inflammasome activation is evident in patients with classical Schnitzler syndrome although noNLRP3 gene mutation is identified. Collectively, Schnitzler syndrome and Schnitzler-like syndromes represent a spectrum of IL-1 mediated adult-onset autoinflammatory diseases.

关键词： Schnitzler syndrome Schnitzler syndrome-like conditions Interleukin-1 Chronic urticarial rash

Preoperative virtual video visits only:a convenient option that should be offered to caregivers beyond the pandemic

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2022年第3期5卷 169-175页

作者： Danielle Dougherty Allison R Thompson Karen Elizabeth Speck Erin E Perrone section of Pediatric Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Health SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA Department of health Behavior and health Education University of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMIUSA

Objective During the COVID-19 pandemic,our group implemented preoperative video visits(VVs)to limit physical contact.The aim of this study was to determine caregivers’and providers’perceptions of this practice and to determine feasibility for continuation.Methods All patients who had only a preoperative VV prior to an elective surgery were identified from March-October 2020.Caregivers,surgeons,and clinic staff were surveyed about their experiences.Results Thirty-four preoperative VVs were followed by an elective surgery without a preceding in-person visit.Of the 31 caregiver surveys completed,the majority strongly agreed that the VV was more convenient(87%,n=27).Eighty-one percent(n=25)strongly agreed or agreed that the VV saved them money.Ninety-four percent(n=29)strongly agreed or agreed that they would choose the VV option again.Caregivers saved an average travel distance of 60.3 miles one way(range 6.1-480).Of the 13/17 providers who responded,77%(n=10)expressed that the practice should continue.Conclusions Virtual health became a necessity during the pandemic,and caregivers were overwhelmingly satisfied.Continuing VVs as an option beyond the pandemic may be a reasonable and effective way to help eliminate some of the hurdles that impede healthcare-seeking behavior and should be offered.

关键词： convenient beyond eliminate

Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in semen of 36 males with symptomatic,asymptomatic,and convalescent infection during the first and second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2022年第2期24卷 135-138页

作者： Carlo Pavone Giovanni M Giammanco Andrea Pio Cascino Davide Baiamonte Mirko Pinelli Enrico Cangelosi Chiara Filizzolo Giuseppa Sciortino Simona De Grazia Floriana Bonura section of Urology Department of SurgicalOncological and Oral SciencesUniversity of PalermoPalermo 90127Italy section of Microbiology Department of Health PromotionMother and Child CareInternal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesUniversity of PalermoPalermo 90127Italy section of Internal Medicine Department of Health PromotionMother and Child CareInternal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesUniversity of PalermoPalermo 90127Italy

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)receptor,angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),has been identified in the human testis,but the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through sexual intercourse still needs to be defined.The goal of our study was to determine if SARS-CoV-2 is detectable in the semen of patients suffering or recovering from coronavirus disease-19(COVID-19),still testing positive at nasopharyngeal swabs but showing mild or no symptoms at the time of sampling.Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in semen was performed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and nested PCR targeting open reading frame(ORF)1ab.Medical history of the enrolled patients was taken,including COVID-19-correlated symptoms,both at the time of diagnosis and at the time of interview.Results of real-time RT-PCR and nested PCR in semen showed no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the 36 patients suffering or recovering from COVID-19 but still positive in a nasopharyngeal swab,from over 116 patients enrolled in the study.SARS-CoV-2 detection and persistence in semen would have an impact on both clinical practice and public health strategies,but our results would suggest that SARS-CoV-2 is not present in the semen of men recovering from COVID-19.

关键词： coronavirus COVID-19 Italy SARS-CoV-2 semen sexual transmission

Interferon-gamma and neuropathy: balance between pain and neuroprotection

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2700-2701页

作者： Valentina Ferrara Alessandra Toti Carla Ghelardini Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli Department of Neuroscience PsychologyDrug Research and Child Health-NEUROFARBA-Pharmacology and Toxicology SectionUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly

Chronic pain is sustained by a phenomenon of hyper-activation of nociceptive neurons both at peripheral(peripheral sensitization)and central(central sensitization)levels.The onset and maintenance of pain,however,is to be found in the interaction among the various cell populations in the nervous tissue including neurons and glia(Nam et al.,2016).The pathogenesis of neuropathic pain is extremely complex depending on the primary cause of nerve damage,e.***.traumatic nerve injury is associated with a robust inflammatory response while chemotherapy-induced pain is characterized by a modest phlogistic component(Di Cesare Mannelli et al.,2013).Despite these differences,a powerful common concept to explain the cellular mechanisms underlying pain is the activation of glia.

关键词： pain sustained

Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and reproductive health in children： a review of epidemiological studies

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第1期16卷 39-49页

作者： Linn Berger Hfikonsen Andreas Ernst Cecilia Host Ramlau-Hansen Department of Public health Section for Epidemiology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark

Maternal cigarette smoking may affect the intrauterine hormonal environment during pregnancy and this early fetal exposure may have detrimental effects on the future trajectory of reproductive health. In this review, we discuss the epidemiological literature on the association between prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking and several aspects of reproductive health. The literature points towards an increased risk of the urogenital malformation cryptorchidism, but a potential protective effect on the risk of hypospadias in sons following prenatal cigarette smoking exposure. Studies on sexual maturation find a tendency towards accelerated pubertal development in exposed boys and girls. In adult life, prenatally exposed men have impaired semen quality compared with unexposed individuals, but an influence on fecundability, that is, the biological ability to reproduce, is less evident. We found no evidence to support an association between prenatal cigarette smoking exposure and testicular cancer. Among adult daughters, research is sparse and inconsistent, but exposure to cigarette smoking in utero may decrease fecundability. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to cigarette smoking may cause some long-term adverse effects on the reproductive health.

关键词： fertility prenatal exposure puberty testicular neoplasms time-to-pregnancy

Epidemiologic methods for investigating male fecundity

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第1期16卷 17-22页

作者： Jrn Olsen Cecilia Host Ramlau-Hansen Department of Public health Section for Epidemiology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark

Fertility is a couple concept that has been measured since the beginning of demography, and male fecundity （his biological capacity to reproduce） is a component of the fertility rate. Unfortunately, we have no way of measuring the male component directly, although several indirect markers can be used. Population registers can be used to monitor the proportion of childless couples, couples who receive donor semen, trends in dizygotic twinning, and infertility diagnoses. Studies using time-to-pregnancy （TTP） may identify couple subfecundity, and TTP data will correlate with sperm quality and quantity as well as sexual activity and a number of other conditions. Having exposure data available for couples with a fecund female partner would make TTP studies of interest in identifying exposures that may affect male fecundity. Biological indicators such as sperm quality and quantity isolate the male component of fertility, and semen data therefore remain an important source of information for research. Unfortunately, often over half of those invited to provide a sperm sample will refuse, and the study is then subject to a selection that may introduce bias. Because the most important time windows for exposures that impair semen production could be early fetal life, puberty, and the time of ejaculation; longitudinal data over decades of time are required. The ongoing monitoring of semen quality and quantity should continue, and surveys monitoring fertility and waiting TTP should also be designed.

关键词： data collection epidemiology epidemiological monitoring fertility sperm count time-to-pregnancy （TTP）

Neuroprotective action of lithium in disorders of the central nervous system

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中南大学学报（医学版） 2011年第6期36卷 461-475页

作者： Chi-Tso CHIU De-Maw CHUANG section on Molecular Neurobiology National Institute of Mental HealthNational Institutes of Health

Substantial in vitro and in vivo evidence of neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of lithium suggests that it may also have considerable potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions.Lithium's main mechanisms of action appear to stem from its ability to inhibit glycogen synthase kinase-3 activity and also to induce signaling mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor.This in turn alters a wide variety of downstream effectors,with the ultimate effect of enhancing pathways to cell survival.In addition,lithium contributes to calcium homeostasis.By inhibiting N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated calcium influx,for instance,it suppresses the calcium-dependent activation of pro-apoptotic signaling pathways.By inhibiting the activity of phosphoinositol phosphatases,it decreases levels of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate,a process recently identified as a novel mechanism for inducing autophagy.These mechanisms allow therapeutic doses of lithium to protect neuronal cells from diverse insults that would otherwise lead to massive cell death.Lithium,moreover,has been shown to improve behavioral and cognitive deficits in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases,including stroke,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,fragile X syndrome,and Huntington's,Alzheimer's,and Parkinson's diseases.Since lithium is already FDA-approved for the treatment of bipolar disorder,our conclusions support the notion that its clinical relevance can be expanded to include the treatment of several neurological and neurodegenerative-related diseases.

关键词：《中南大学学报:医学版》期刊摘要编辑部

Older European Adults and Access to healthcare During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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China CDC weekly 2022年第39期4卷 879-884页

作者： Yushan Yu Mirko Petrovic Wei-Hong Zhang International Centre for Reproductive health(ICRH) Department of Public Health and Primary CareFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium section of Geriatrics Department of Internal Medicine and PaediatricsFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium School of Public health Universitélibre de Bruxelles(ULB)BruxellesBelgium

In Europe,population ageing poses a challenge.Given accelerating population ageing in Europe,longterm care(LTC)is a growing concern.Unmet healthcare needs varied among European countries during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,and greater attention should be paid to ensuring that the healthcare needs of vulnerable populations are met.Notably,developing common and comparable indicators is useful for monitoring the LTC and healthcare of older adults at the national and international levels,and understanding the reasons for the differences in indicators between European countries could shed light on how to improve the health of older adults.

关键词： Access ageing COV

Blocking tumor necrosis factor paved the way for targeted therapeutics in inflammatory diseases

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Chinese Medical Journal 2021年第21期134卷 2525-2528页

作者： Cong-Qiu Chu Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases Oregon Health&Science University and Rheumatology SectionVA Portland Health Care SystemPortlandOR 97239USA

Tumor necrosis factor(TNF)becomes a well-known name largely owing to the success of its antagonists in therapy of inflammatory diseases.[1,2]In 1975,in searching for cancer therapeutic agent.

关键词： inflammatory diseases targeted