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Optimizing proton pump inhibitors in Helicobacter pylori treatment:Old and new tricks to improve effectiveness

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第34期25卷 5097-5104页

作者： Enzo Ierardi Giuseppe Losurdo Rosa Federica La Fortezza Mariabeatrice Principi Michele Barone Alfredo Di Leo section of Gastroenterology Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation University of Bari

The survival and replication cycle of Helicobacter pylori(***)is strictly dependant on intragastric pH,since *** enters replicative phase at an almost neutral pH(6-7),while at acid pH(3-6)it turns into its coccoid form,which is resistant to *** these bases,it is crucial to increase intragastric pH by proton pump inhibitors(PPIs)when an antibiotic-based eradicating therapy needs to be ***,several tricks need to be used to optimize eradication rate of different *** administration of the highest dose as possible of PPI,by doubling or increasing the number of pills/day,has shown to be able to improve therapeutic outcome and has often proposed in rescue therapies,even if specific trials have not been performed.A pre-treatment with PPI before starting antibiotics does not seem to be effective,therefore it is ***,the choice of PPI molecule could have a certain weight,since second-generation substances(esomeprazole,rabeprazole)are likely more effective than those of first generation(omeprazole,lansoprazole).A possible explanation is due to their metabolism,which has been proven to be less dependent on cytochrome P450(CYP)2C19 genetic ***,vonoprazan,a competitive inhibitor of H+/K+-ATPase present on luminal membrane of gastric parietal cells has shown the highest efficacy,due to both its highest acid inhibition power and rapid pharmacologic *** current data come only from Eastern Asia,therefore its strong power needs to be confirmed outside this geographic area in Western countries as well as related to the local different antibiotic resistance rates.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Proton pump inhibitors Eradication Cytochrome P450 Optimization

Obese children with fatty liver: Between reality and disease mongering

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第47期23卷 8277-8282页

作者： Giusy Ranucci Maria Immacolata Spagnuolo Raffaele Iorio Department of Translational Medical Science Section of Pediatrics University Federico Ⅱ

Following the current epidemic of obesity, the worldwide prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has increased with potential serious health implications. While it is established that in adults NAFLD can progress to end-stage liver disease in many cases, the risk of progression during childhood is less well defined. Since most obese children are not adherent to lifestyle modifications and hypocaloric diets, there is a growing number of studies on pharmacological interventions with the risk of disease mongering, the practice of widening the boundaries of illness in order to expand the markets for treatment. Here, we propose a critical appraisal of the best available evidence about long-term course of pediatric NAFLD and efficacy of treatments other than hypocaloric diet and physical exercise. As a result, the number of NAFLD children with a poor outcome is small in spite of the alarming tones used in some papers; large-scale longitudinal studies with longterm follow-up of pediatric NAFLD patients are lacking; the studies on ancillary pharmacological interventions have been performed in few patients with inconclusive and conflicting results.

关键词： Obesity Children Non alcoholic fatty liver disease Non alcoholic steatohepatitis Cirrhosis Liver transplant Disease mongering

Effects of In-situ Generated Coinage Nanometals on Crystallization and Microstructure of Fluorophlogopite Mica Containing Glass-Ceramics

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2015年第1期31卷 110-119页

作者： Mrinmoy Garai Nibedita Sasmal Atiar Rahaman Molla Anal Tarafder Basudeb Karmakar Glass Science & Technology section Glass DivisionCSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute

The effects of in-situ generated coinage nanometals（Cu,Ag and Au） on crystallization behavior,microstructure,thermal and mechanical properties of SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-B2O3-K2O-MgF2（BMAPS） glassceramics were systematically *** addition of coinage nanometai,the glass transition temperature（Tg） is increased by 20-30 ℃,crystallization temperature（Tc） by 30-50 ℃ and dilatometric softening temperature（Td） by 10-25 ℃.It was found that the density of Cu-containing glass was 2.59 g cm-3and for other glasses it was in the range of 2.56-2.57 g *** the non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry study,the activation energy of crystallization for BMAPS base glass was calculated as 344 kJ/mol,and changed to 406,334 and 274 kJ/mol on addition of Cu,Ag and Au-nanometals,*** evolved in the opaque BMAPS glass-ceramics derived by controlled heat treatment,were identified as fluorophlogopite mica(KMg3(AlSi3O10)F2) by X-ray diffraction（XRD） technique and confirmed by Fourier transformed infrared *** of copper,silver and gold nanometals were also identified by XRD *** is found from field emission scanning electron microscopy that the interlocked grain like microstructure developed in BMAPS glass-ceramics（being heat-treated at 1050 ℃ for 4 h） changed to denser house-of-cards like microstructure（containing smaller sized mica crystals） on addition of coinage *** of BMAPS base glass-ceramic was 2.60 g cm-3and marginally changed to 2.61-2.62 g cm-3on addition of Cu,Ag and *** change in microstructure resulted in the decrease of Vickers micro hardness value from 5.37 to 4.12,4.20 and 4.58 GPa on addition of Cu,Ag and Au,*** nanometai doped mica glass-ceramics containing interlocked microstructure with higher thermal expansion coefficient,hence,is suitable for high temperature sealing application（like solid oxide fuel cell）.

关键词： Glass Crystallization X-ray diffraction Microstruc

Performance of sand and shredded rubber tire mixture as a natural base isolator for earthquake protection

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2015年第4期14卷 683-693页

作者： Srijit Bandyopadhyay Aniruddha Sengupta G.R.Reddy Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Structural & Seismic Engineering section Homi Bhaba National Institute

The performance of a well-designed layer of sand, and composites like layer of sand mixed with shredded rubber tire (RSM) as low cost base isolators, is studied in shake table tests in the laboratory. The building foundation is modeled by a 200 mm by 200 mm and 40 mm thick rigid plexi-glass block. The block is placed in the middle of a 1m by 1m tank filled with sand. The selected base isolator is placed between the block and the sand foundation. Accelerometers are placed on top of the footing and foundation sand layer. The displacement of the footing is also measured by LVDT. The whole setup is mounted on a shake table and subjected to sinusoidal motions with varying amplitude and frequency. Sand is found to be effective only at very high amplitude (> 0.65 g) of motions. The performance of a composite consisting of sand and 50% shredded rubber tire placed under the footing is found to be most promising as a low-cost effective base isolator.

关键词： shake table test base isolation shredded rubber tire model test

Biodegradation of p-cresol by aerobic granules in sequencing batch reactor

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第11期24卷 2012-2027页

作者： Farrukh Basheer I.H.Farooqi Environmental Engineering section Department of Civil EngineeringAligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh202002India

The cultivation of aerobic granules in sequencing batch reactor for the biodegradation of p-cresol was studied. The reactor was started with 100 mg/L of p-cresol. Aerobic granules first appeared within one month of start up. The granules were large and strong and had a compact structure. The diameter of stable granules was in the range of 1-5 mm. The integrity coefficient and granules density was found to be 96% and 1046 kg/m3, raspectively, The settling velocity of granules was found to be in the range of 2×10^-2-6×10^-7 m/sec. The aerobic granules were able to degrade p-cresol upto 800 mg/L at a removal efficiency of 88%. Specific p-cresol degradation rate in aerobic granules followed Haldane model for substrate inhibition, High specific p-cresol degradation rate up to 0,96 g pcresol/（g ***） were sustained upto p-cresol concentration of 400 mg/L, Higher removal efficiency, good settling characteristics of aerobic granules, makes sequencing batch reactor suitable for erLhaneing the microorganism potential for biodegradation of inhibitory compounds.

关键词： aerobic granules p-cresol sequencing batch reactor (SBR) haldane kinetics equation

Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 and pancreatic cancer:A new potential target therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第11期21卷 3232-3238页

作者： Massimo Donadelli Ilaria Dando Elisa Dalla Pozza Marta Palmieri Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences Biochemistry SectionUniversity of Verona

Overall 5-years survival of pancreatic cancer patients is nearly 5%,making this cancer type one of the most lethal ***,the incidence rate of pancreatic cancer has a growing trend that determines a constant increase in the number of deceases caused by this *** poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer is mainly caused by delayed diagnosis,early metastasis of tumor,and resistance to almost all tested cytotoxic *** this respect,the identification of novel potential targets for new and efficient therapies should be strongly encouraged in order to improve the clinical management of pancreatic *** studies have shown that the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2(UCP2) is over-expressed in pancreatic cancer as compared to adjacent normal *** addition,recent discoveries established a key role of UCP2 in protecting cancer cells from an excessive production of mitochondrial superoxide ions and in the promotion of cancer cell metabolic reprogramming,including aerobic glycolysis stimulation,promotion of cancer *** observations together with the demonstration that UCP2 repression can synergize with standard chemotherapy to inhibit pancreatic cancer cell growth provide the molecular rationale to consider UCP2 as a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic *** this editorial,recent advances describing the relationship between cancer development and mitochondrial UCP2 activity are critically provided.

关键词： Uncoupling protein 2 Target therapy Reactive oxyge

Infectivity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Naturally Regenerating,Unmanaged and Clear-Cut Beech Forests

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Pedosphere 2011年第1期21卷 65-74页

作者： I.CLOSA N.GOICOECHEA Department of Plant Biology Section of Plant BiologySchool of SciencesUniversity of Navarra

Clear-cutting, a management practice applied to many beech forests in the North of Spain, modifies microclimate and, consequently, the composition of the understory plant community in the disturbed areas. The objectives of this study were to assess if changes in the understory vegetation caused by altered light microclimate after clear-cutting affect the infectivity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） on herbaceous plant species in beech （Fagus sylvatica L.） forests naturally regenerating from clear-cutting and to test if the use of bioassays for studying the infectivity of native AMF could provide useful information to improve the management of clear-cut areas. Three nearby beech forests in northwest Navarra, Spain, a region in the northwest part of the Pyrenees, were selected： an unmanaged forest, a forest clear-cut in 1996, and another forest clear-cut in 2001. High stem density in the forest clear-cut in 1996 （44 000 trees ha-1） attenuated photosynthetic active radiation （PAR） and impaired the growth of herbaceous species within the ecosystem. The percentage of AMF colonization of plants in bioassays performed on soil samples collected from the forest clear-cut in 1996 was always lower than 10S. In the forest clear-cut in 2001, where soil was covered by perennial grasses, PAR was high and the infectivity of native AMF achieved minimum values in spring and autumn and a maximum value in summer. In contrast, the infectivity of native AMF in the unmanaged forest remained similar across the seasons. Our results demonstrated that changes in the composition of understory vegetation within beech forests strongly affected the infectivity of native AMF in clear-cut areas and suggested that the assessment of the infectivity of native AMF through bioassays could provide helpful information for planning either the removal of overstory when the tree density is so high that it impairs the correct development of herbaceous species or the plantation of new seedlings when high

关键词： bioassays herbaceous plant species photosynthetic active radiation tree density understory vegetation

Effects of Nicotinamide on Mouse Skin Tumor Development and Its Mode of Action

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1999年第3期12卷 177-187页

作者： KRISHNA P. GUPTA(Environmental Carcinogenesis section, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre,Post Box No- 80, Mahatma Gandhi Mang, Lucknow-226 001, India) Environmental Carcinogenesis section Industrial Toxicology Research Centre Lucknow India.

Nicotinamide (NA), a naturally occuring vitamin and a protease inhibitor, has been shown to be effective in treating some skin ailments. It inhibits cell proiferaion and induces cell differentiation. This report shows the effects of NA on mouse skin tumor development and on the critical events involved in this process. NA reduced tumor growth, inhibited the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced ornithine decarboxylase activity, but induced the transglutaminare activity which was inhibited by TPA under different experimental *** effects of NA on ornithine decarboxylare (ODC) and transglutaminase (TG) indicated that nicotinamide (NA) probably programmmed the cells for their death in the natural course of time, i.e. programed cell death. This observation indicates that NA might be a better agent for the detailed study and for the better use in prevention of cancer alone or in combination with other drugs.

关键词： Apoptosis Animals Female Mice Niacinamide Ornithine Decarboxylase Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Skin Neoplasms Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate Transglutaminases

Cytokines,synaptic plasticity and network dynamics:a matter of balance

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第12期18卷 2569-2572页

作者： Laura Bellingacci Jacopo Canonichesi Andrea Mancini Lucilla Parnetti Massimiliano Di Filippo section of Neurology Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly

The modern view of the immune system as a sensitizing and modulating machinery of the central nervous system is now well ***,the specific mechanisms underlying this fine crosstalk have yet to be fully *** control cognitive function and behavior,the two systems are engaged in a subtle interacting *** this scenario,a dual action of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the modulation of brain network connections is ***-inflammatory cytokines are indeed required to express physiological plasticity in the hippocampal network while being detrimental when over-expressed during uncontrolled inflammatory *** this dynamic equilibrium,synaptic functioning and the performance of neural networks are ensured by maintaining an appropriate balance between pro-and anti-inflammatory molecules in the central nervous system microenvironment.

关键词： brain networks cognition cytokines hippocampus memory neuroimmunology neuroinflammation synaptic plasticity